Crude Oil
Muhtasari
Crude oil is one of the most important raw materials on the planet. Pumped from deep underground, this thick dark liquid is a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. By separating and burning these hydrocarbons, we power vehicles, heat homes, and manufacture plastics.
In this lesson you will learn how crude oil is separated by fractional distillation, what each fraction is used for, and how the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces both useful energy and harmful pollutants. This topic appears regularly in Paper 1 (Chemistry).
Malengo
- Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons
- Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil: refinery gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen
- Know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions
- Know that a fuel is a substance that, when burned, releases heat energy
- Know the possible products of complete and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons with oxygen in the air
- Understand why carbon monoxide is poisonous, in terms of its effect on the capacity of blood to transport oxygen
- Know that, in car engines, the temperature reached is high enough to allow nitrogen and oxygen from air to react, forming oxides of nitrogen
- Explain how the combustion of some impurities in hydrocarbon fuels results in the formation of sulfur dioxide
- Understand how sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain
Ramani ya mawazo
Mada hii imechorwa ili uone jinsi mawazo yanavyounganika.
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Kadi za kumbukumbu
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Maelezo ya Somo
Dokezo Kamili la Somo Linapatikana kwenye Programu ya Green Bridge
Pata programu ya Green Bridge CBT kwenye simu au kompyuta yako kwa maktaba kamili ya IGCSE: mitihani ya miaka iliyopita, miongozo ya usahihishaji, ramani za mawazo, kadi za marudio na masomo ya sauti.
Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Crude Oil. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Crude oil is a mixture of: A) Metals B) Salts C) Hydrocarbons D) Alcohols Answer: C
- Which fraction has the highest boiling point? A) Refinery gases B) Gasoline C) Kerosene D) Bitumen Answer: D
- Carbon monoxide is dangerous because it: A) Is flammable B) Reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen C) Causes acid rain D) Is a greenhouse gas Answer: B
- As the chain length of hydrocarbons increases, viscosity: A) Decreases B) Stays the same C) Increases D) Fluctuates Answer: C
- Acid rain is caused by: A) Carbon dioxide only B) Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen C) Carbon monoxide D) Water vapour Answer: B
Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu
Fanyia kazi maswali haya kwenye programu
Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
Jifunze zaidi kutoka vyanzo huria
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Biogeochemical Cycles
Discuss the biogeochemical cycles of water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur
"Biology: Biogeochemical Cycles" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/46-3-biogeochemical-cycles. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Sehemu ya kitabu
Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
Describe how oxygen is bound to hemoglobin and transported to body tissues
"Biology: Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/39-4-transport-of-gases-in-human-bodily-fluids. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Vimechapishwa na mashirika mengine chini ya leseni huria na vinatajwa kama wanavyoomba. Viungo hufungua tovuti zao.
Fanya Mazoezi ya Maswali ya Majaribio
Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Crude Oil? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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Kila kitu unachohitaji ili kufaulu katika JAMB, WAEC & NECO.
