History - 4HI1 PearsonEdexcel

Germany: Development Of Dictatorship, 1918-45

Muhtasari

In 1928 the Nazi Party won 2.6 per cent of the vote and twelve seats in the Reichstag. Five years later its leader was Chancellor of Germany and every other party had been banned. Explaining that collapse of a democracy, without either excusing the people who carried it out or pretending it was inevitable, is one of the most demanding tasks in this specification.

This note traces the Weimar Republic from its birth in defeat through hyperinflation, recovery under Stresemann and the shock of the Depression, then examines how the Nazi regime took and held power, how it controlled and persecuted, and how Germans resisted. The material is grim in places; it is set out plainly because precision is the respectful way to handle it.

Malengo

The establishment of the Weimar Republic and its early problems: the abdication of the Kaiser, the German Revolution of 1918-19, strengths and weaknesses of the new Republic and its Constitution, reactions to the Treaty of Versailles, challenges from Right and Left, hyperinflation
The recovery of Germany, 1924-29: the work of Stresemann, Rentenmark, Dawes and Young Plans, US loans, successes abroad including League of Nations, Locarno Treaties and Kellogg-Briand Pact
The rise of Hitler and the Nazis to January 1933: Hitler and the German Workers' Party, changes to the party, Munich Putsch, reorganisation, impact of the Great Depression, Nazi methods, the role of the SA, events of 1932 to January 1933
Nazi Germany 1933-39: setting up the Nazi dictatorship through the Reichstag Fire, Enabling Act, Night of the Long Knives, methods of control including police state, censorship and propaganda, policies towards education, women, the young, the Churches, racial policies, unemployment policies
Germany and the occupied territories during the Second World War: Nazi policies towards the Jews including ghettos and the Final Solution, the Home Front, the growth of opposition including the Edelweiss Pirates, the White Rose Group and the July Bomb Plot

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Maelezo ya Somo

The German Republic was proclaimed on 9 November 1918, two days before the armistice that ended the First World War. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and fled to the Netherlands, and a provisional government under the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert took over a country facing naval mutiny, workers' and soldiers' councils in many cities, and a blockade that had left the civilian population seriously undernourished. The Republic therefore began by signing an armistice it had not caused, which handed its enemies a slogan: the stab in the back myth, the false claim that the German army had been undefeated in the field and was betrayed by politicians at home. It was untrue, since the army high command had itself told the Kaiser in late September 1918 that the war was lost, but it was believed.

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Which article of the Weimar Constitution allowed the President to rule by emergency decree? A) Article 23 B) Article 48 C) Article 231 D) Article 76 Answer: B
How many seats did the Nazi Party win in the Reichstag election of July 1932? A) 107 B) 196 C) 230 D) 288 Answer: C
What did the Enabling Act of March 1933 do? A) Suspended civil liberties after the Reichstag Fire B) Gave Hitler's cabinet the power to make laws without the Reichstag C) Merged the offices of President and Chancellor D) Banned trade unions Answer: B
The Night of the Long Knives in June 1934 was directed mainly against: A) The Communist Party B) The leadership of the SA C) The Catholic Church D) The Reichswehr generals Answer: B
Which German opposition group was formed by students in Munich and produced leaflets naming the murder of Jews? A) The Edelweiss Pirates B) The White Rose C) The Confessing Church D) The Kreisau Circle Answer: B

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) History Student Book

Manukuu: First edition

Mchapishaji: Pearson Education

Mwaka: 2017

ISBN: 978-0-435-18568-2

Maelezo: Endorsed student book covering the 4HI1 depth studies with sources and exam guidance.

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