Environmental Management - 0680 CIE

Marine Aquaculture

Muhtasari

For most of human history the sea seemed an endless larder. We hunted fish the way our distant ancestors hunted game, simply taking as much as we could. But modern boats, giant nets and sonar have made us so efficient that wild fish stocks are collapsing one after another. The great question for the oceans is no longer how to catch more fish, but how to keep catching fish at all.

In this lesson you will learn how overfishing damages target species, bycatch and whole food chains, and how marine aquaculture, the farming of fish, shellfish and seaweed, is being used to take the pressure off wild stocks. You will weigh the real benefits and the real risks of fish farming, and study the management strategies, from mesh sizes and quotas to closed seasons and international agreements, that aim to make fishing sustainable.

Malengo

  1. 3.4.1 Describe and explain the impacts of exploitation of marine species, limited to: (a) overfishing and overharvesting of marine species (b) effect on target and bycatch species (c) effect on food chains.
  2. 3.4.2 Define marine aquaculture as the farming of marine species in captivity, limited to: (a) fish (b) crustaceans (c) seaweeds. Knowledge of specific species is not required.
  3. 3.4.3 Describe and explain the impacts of marine aquaculture, limited to: (a) reduced exploitation of natural fisheries (b) increased food supply for humans (c) risk of escape (d) risk of disease (e) local food webs (f) nutrient enrichment from waste (g) energy usage (h) source of food for farmed species.
  4. 3.4.4 Describe and explain strategies for the management of the harvesting of marine species, limited to: (a) limits on size of boat and overall net size (b) increased mesh size of nets (c) sustainable methods: pole and line (d) quotas (e) closed seasons (f) limited number of fishing days (g) protected areas (h) conservation laws (i) international agreements: implementation and monitoring.
  5. 3.4.5 Discuss the benefits and limitations of strategies for management of the harvesting of marine species.

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Maelezo ya Somo

Fish provide protein for billions of people, especially in poorer coastal countries, yet at least three-quarters of the world's marine fisheries are now threatened. Managing the harvest of the sea sustainably is one of the great challenges of environmental management. The exam expects you to explain the impacts of overfishing, describe what aquaculture is and weigh its effects, and evaluate the strategies used to manage fishing, always with the cause-impact-management structure in mind.

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Tathmini ya Somo

Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Marine Aquaculture. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.

Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.

Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.

  1. Overfishing means catching fish: A. only during the breeding season B. faster than they can reproduce C. with pole and line D. inside a protected area Answer: B
  2. Marine aquaculture is best defined as: A. catching wild fish with large nets B. the farming of marine species in captivity C. protecting fish breeding grounds D. setting quotas on catches Answer: B
  3. Increasing the mesh size of a net helps a fishery because it: A. catches more fish B. lets young fish escape to breed C. uses less fuel D. reduces the boat size Answer: B
  4. Animals caught that are not the intended target are called: A. quota fish B. bycatch C. farmed fish D. juveniles Answer: B
  5. Which method produces almost no bycatch? A. bottom trawling B. drift nets C. pole and line D. dredging Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Coursebook
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Coursebook
Manukuu: First edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2017
ISBN: 978-1-316-63485-1
Maelezo: Endorsed coursebook with full coverage of the 0680 syllabus, case studies, fieldwork skills and exam-style questions.
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Workbook
Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Environmental Management Workbook
Manukuu: First edition
Mchapishaji: Cambridge University Press
Mwaka: 2017
ISBN: 978-1-316-63487-5
Maelezo: Companion workbook with additional data-response and practice questions across the syllabus.

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