Selective Breeding In Animals And Plants
Muhtasari
Almost every animal and crop on a modern farm has been shaped by people. The dairy cow that gives thousands of litres of milk, the rice that shrugs off a disease that once destroyed harvests, the wheat with fat heads of grain: none of these arose by chance. They are the result of selective breeding, the patient choosing of the best parents generation after generation until a desired feature becomes the norm.
In this lesson you will learn how artificial selection improves yield, disease resistance, hardiness and appearance in livestock and crops, using real named breeds and varieties. You will see how artificial insemination spreads the genes of an outstanding sire across thousands of animals, weigh up its benefits and drawbacks, and learn the crucial difference between traditional selective breeding and producing genetically modified (GM) crops.
Malengo
- (a) describe how breeding can improve yield, disease resistance, hardiness and appearance in livestock and in crops.
- (b) understand the role of artificial selection in the production of improved varieties of animals and plants of economic importance.
- (c) understand the benefits of artificial insemination.
- (d) understand the differences between selective crop breeding and genetically modified (GM) crops.
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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Selective Breeding In Animals And Plants. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
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Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Selective breeding improves a herd or crop by: A. Inserting genes from another species B. Breeding only from individuals with the desired feature C. Spraying chemicals on the best plants D. Giving extra fertiliser to the strongest animals Answer: B
- Which breed is famous for being selectively bred for very high milk yield? A. Holstein Friesian B. Merino C. Leghorn D. Aberdeen Angus Answer: A
- Artificial insemination is mainly used to: A. Cure diseases in cattle B. Spread the genes of one superior male to many females C. Increase the milk fat content directly D. Replace selective breeding completely Answer: B
- Which statement is true of a GM crop but not of a crop improved by selective breeding? A. It can pass features to its offspring B. It was developed by farmers C. It contains a gene inserted directly into its DNA D. It can increase yield Answer: C
- Which of these is a disadvantage of growing GM crops? A. They always have lower yields B. The seed is often expensive to buy C. They cannot resist pests D. They take many generations to develop Answer: B
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Biotechnology
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"Biology: Biotechnology" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/17-1-biotechnology. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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