Drainage And Irrigation
Muhtasari
Plant roots need water, but they also need air. A waterlogged soil drowns the roots by filling the spaces that should hold oxygen, while a soil that drains too fast may dry out before the crop can drink. Good farming is about getting this balance right, and the two tools for the job are drainage, which removes excess water, and irrigation, which adds water when the rain falls short.
In this lesson you will learn how gravitational water moves down through the soil, why waterlogging starves roots of oxygen and harms the organisms that keep soil healthy, and how ditches and drains rescue wet land. You will then study why and when crops need irrigation and compare the main methods, surface, sprinkler and drip, weighing each for its effect on water use, yield and crop quality.
Malengo
- (a) describe drainage as movement of gravitational water down through the soil and understand the drainage of waterlogged land by means of ditches and the loss of plant nutrients due to leaching.
- (b) understand the effects of poor drainage on soil organisms and root respiration.
- (c) explain the need for irrigation and describe methods of irrigation with the effects on crop yield and quality (details of irrigation programmes for individual crops and of equipment specification are not required).
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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Drainage And Irrigation. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Drainage of a soil is best described as the movement of: A. Nutrients up to the leaves B. Gravitational water down through the soil C. Air out of the leaves D. Salts up to the surface Answer: B
- The loss of dissolved plant nutrients as water drains down through the soil is called: A. Leaching B. Erosion C. Transpiration D. Evaporation Answer: A
- Why do roots in a waterlogged soil grow poorly? A. There is too much oxygen B. There is little oxygen for root respiration C. The soil is too acidic D. There are too many nutrients Answer: B
- Which irrigation method generally uses water most efficiently? A. Surface (flood) irrigation B. Furrow irrigation C. Drip (trickle) irrigation D. Basin flooding Answer: C
- Which soil is most likely to become waterlogged after heavy rain? A. A sandy soil with large pores B. A heavy clay soil with tiny pores C. A well-structured loam D. A gravelly soil Answer: B
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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa
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Ungependa kufanya mazoezi ya maswali ya majaribio kuhusu Drainage And Irrigation? Pakua programu ya Green Bridge CBT ili kupata maswali ya majaribio na tathmini kamili za mazoezi kuhusu mada hii.
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