Reactivity Series
Muhtasari
Why does potassium explode on water while gold lies unchanged for thousands of years? The answer is the reactivity series, a league table of metals ordered from the most reactive to the least. It predicts how a metal reacts with water and acid, which metal will displace another, and even how the metal must be extracted from its ore.
In this lesson you will learn the order of the reactivity series, the reactions of metals with cold water, steam and dilute acid, and how to deduce an order of reactivity from experiments. You will explain reactivity in terms of the tendency to form positive ions, and account for the surprising unreactivity of aluminium.
Malengo
- State the order of the reactivity series as: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold.
- Describe the reactions, if any, of: (a) potassium, sodium and calcium with cold water (b) magnesium with steam (c) magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold with dilute hydrochloric acid and explain these reactions in terms of the position of the metals in the reactivity series.
- Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of experimental results.
- [Supplement] Describe the relative reactivities of metals in terms of their tendency to form positive ions, by displacement reactions, if any, with the aqueous ions of magnesium, zinc, iron, copper and silver.
- [Supplement] Explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium in terms of its oxide layer.
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Tathmini ya Somo
Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Reactivity Series. Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
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- Which metal is the most reactive? A. iron B. potassium C. copper D. zinc Answer: B
- Which metals react with cold water? A. copper, silver, gold B. potassium, sodium, calcium C. zinc and iron only D. aluminium only Answer: B
- Which metal will NOT react with dilute hydrochloric acid? A. magnesium B. zinc C. iron D. copper Answer: D
- A more reactive metal is one that: A. holds its electrons more tightly B. forms positive ions more readily C. is found lower in the series D. never reacts with acids Answer: B
- Aluminium appears unreactive because: A. it is low in the reactivity series B. it has a protective oxide layer C. it does not form ions D. it is a non-metal Answer: B
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