Air Quality And Climate (continued)
Muhtasari
The air carries the signs of how we power our world: carbon dioxide that warms the climate, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen that turn rain acidic. Chemistry not only explains how these pollutants form, it also supplies the solutions, from catalytic converters to low-sulfur fuels and the trees that draw carbon dioxide back out of the air.
In this lesson you will learn the strategies that reduce climate change and acid rain, see how oxides of nitrogen form in car engines and how catalytic converters remove them, and study photosynthesis as the natural reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Malengo
- State and explain strategies to reduce the effects of these environmental issues, limited to: (a) climate change: planting trees, reduction in livestock farming, decreasing use of fossil fuels, increasing use of hydrogen and renewable energy, e.g. wind, solar (b) acid rain: use of catalytic converters in vehicles, reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide by using low-sulfur fuels and flue gas desulfurisation with calcium oxide.
- Describe photosynthesis as the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in the presence of chlorophyll and using energy from light.
- State the word equation for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen.
- [Supplement] Explain how oxides of nitrogen form in car engines and describe their removal by catalytic converters, e.g. 2CO + 2NO → 2CO + N 2 2.
- [Supplement] State the symbol equation for photosynthesis, 6CO + 6H O → C H O + 6O 2 2 6 12 6 2.
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Hongera kwa kukamilisha somo la Air Quality And Climate (continued). Sasa kwa kuwa umechunguza dhana na mawazo muhimu, ni wakati wa kuweka ujuzi wako kwa mtihani. Sehemu hii inatoa mazoezi mbalimbali maswali yaliyoundwa ili kuimarisha uelewaji wako na kukusaidia kupima ufahamu wako wa nyenzo.
Utakutana na mchanganyiko wa aina mbalimbali za maswali, ikiwemo maswali ya kuchagua jibu sahihi, maswali ya majibu mafupi, na maswali ya insha. Kila swali limebuniwa kwa umakini ili kupima vipengele tofauti vya maarifa yako na ujuzi wa kufikiri kwa makini.
Tumia sehemu hii ya tathmini kama fursa ya kuimarisha uelewa wako wa mada na kubaini maeneo yoyote ambapo unaweza kuhitaji kusoma zaidi. Usikatishwe tamaa na changamoto zozote utakazokutana nazo; badala yake, zitazame kama fursa za kukua na kuboresha.
- Which gas, released by burning fossil fuels, is a main cause of acid rain? A. carbon dioxide B. sulfur dioxide C. oxygen D. methane Answer: B
- Oxides of nitrogen form in a car engine because: A. nitrogen reacts with water B. the high temperature makes nitrogen and oxygen react C. petrol contains nitrogen D. the catalyst makes them Answer: B
- The products of the reaction 2CO + 2NO -> in a catalytic converter are: A. carbon and nitrogen B. carbon dioxide and oxygen C. carbon dioxide and nitrogen D. carbon monoxide and nitrogen Answer: C
- Which strategy helps reduce climate change? A. burning more coal B. planting trees C. cutting down forests D. using more petrol Answer: B
- Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, water, light and: A. nitrogen B. chlorophyll C. sulfur D. a catalytic converter Answer: B
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