The Processes And Features Associated With Earthquakes And Volcanoes
Muhtasari
When the ground gives way after years of building pressure, the result can be over in seconds, yet shake an entire region. When molten rock finds a path to the surface, it can ooze out gently or blast a mountain apart. Earthquakes and volcanoes are the visible processes of a restless planet, and each one leaves tell-tale features that geographers can name and explain.
In this lesson you will learn what actually happens at each type of plate boundary, the anatomy of an earthquake (focus, epicentre and seismic waves), the three shapes of volcano and why they differ, how we label a volcano active, dormant or extinct, and the deadly hazards an eruption can unleash, from lava flows to pyroclastic flows and lahars.
Malengo
- The processes experienced at each type of plate boundary which cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- The main characteristics of earthquakes: focus, epicentre, seismic waves.
- Types of volcano: strato-volcano (composite cone), shield, cinder cone.
- The classification of volcanoes as active, dormant, or extinct.
- The main features of volcanoes: crater, vent, magma, magma chamber, secondary cone.
- Volcanic hazards: lava flows, ash falls, lahars, pyroclastic flows, tephra, volcanic rocks, toxic gases; the significance of speed, size, frequency, and spread.
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- The point on the ground surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is the: A. fault B. epicentre C. crater D. vent Answer: B
- Which type of volcano has a broad, low shape and erupts runny lava? A. strato-volcano B. composite cone C. shield volcano D. cinder cone Answer: C
- Which volcanic hazard is a fast-moving, superhot cloud of gas, ash and rock? A. lava flow B. lahar C. pyroclastic flow D. ash fall Answer: C
- A volcanic mudflow formed when ash mixes with water is called a: A. tephra B. lahar C. caldera D. fumarole Answer: B
- Which seismic waves are the fastest and arrive first? A. surface waves B. S-waves C. Love waves D. P-waves Answer: D
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