Chemistry - 4CH1 PearsonEdexcel

Introduction

Muhtasari

Carbon is unique among the elements. It can form four strong covalent bonds and chain itself into molecules of almost unlimited size and variety, from the methane in natural gas to the DNA in your cells. Organic chemistry is the study of these carbon-based compounds, and it underpins pharmaceuticals, plastics, fuels, and food science.

In this lesson you will learn what defines a hydrocarbon, how to represent organic molecules using different types of formulae, what homologous series, functional groups and isomerism mean, and how to name compounds using IUPAC rules. These foundations are essential for every organic topic that follows in the Edexcel specification.

Malengo

  1. know that a hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only
  2. understand how to represent organic molecules using empirical formulae, molecular formulae, general formulae, structural formulae and displayed formulae
  3. know what is meant by the terms homologous series, functional group and isomerism
  4. understand how to name compounds relevant to this specification using the rules of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature students will be expected to name compounds containing up to six carbon atoms
  5. understand how to write the possible structural and displayed formulae of an organic molecule given its molecular formula
  6. understand how to classify reactions of organic compounds as substitution, addition and combustion knowledge of reaction mechanisms is not required

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Maelezo ya Somo

There are more known carbon compounds than compounds of all the other elements combined. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds, and to bond to itself in chains, rings and branches, creates a staggering diversity of molecules. Organic chemistry is the branch of science dedicated to understanding them.

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  1. A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains: A) Carbon and oxygen only B) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C) Carbon and hydrogen only D) Hydrogen and oxygen only Answer: C
  2. The general formula for alkenes is: A) CnH2n+2 B) CnH2n C) CnH2n-2 D) CnH2n+1OH Answer: B
  3. Two compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called: A) Isotopes B) Isomers C) Allotropes D) Polymers Answer: B
  4. An addition reaction involves: A) Replacing one atom with another B) Two molecules combining to form one with no other products C) A substance reacting with oxygen D) A large molecule breaking into smaller ones Answer: B
  5. The functional group in carboxylic acids is: A) -OH B) C=C C) -COOH D) -COO- Answer: C

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Vitabu Vinavyopendekezwa

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Chemistry Student Book
Manukuu: First edition
Mchapishaji: Pearson Education
Mwaka: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-435-18527-9
Maelezo: Endorsed student book covering the full 4CH1 specification.

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