WAEC SSCE - Biology - 2015 (Practical)

 Study Specimens A and B carefully and use them to answer question 1 (a) to 1 (e).

(a) Classify Specimen p no its division and class.

(b) (i) State the types of leaf arrangements in specimens A and B.

(ii) Name the leaf shape of specimens A and B.

(c)(i) State the type of leaf margin in specimen A. (ii) State the types of venation found in the leaves of specimens A and B.

(d)(i) List three observable similarities found in specimen A and E. (ii) In a tabular form, state four observable differences between specimens A and B.

(e) Make a drawing 8-10 cm long of the leaf of specimen A and label fully.

(a) Classification of specimen A

• Division: Angiospermophyta (Angiospermatophyta or Magnoliophyta)
• Class: Dicotyledoneae (Magnoliopsida)

(b)(i) Leaf arrangement

• Specimen A: alternate or spiral.
• Specimen B: opposite or decussate.

(b)(ii) Leaf shape

• Specimen A: lanceolate or sword-like.
• Specimen B: ovate or oval.

(c)(i) The margin of specimen A is entire (smooth).

(c)(ii) Venation

• Specimen A: netted or reticulate venation.
• Specimen B: netted or reticulate venation.

(d)(i) Observable similarities between specimens A and B

1. Both are simple leaves.
2. Both have a petiole (leaf stalk).
3. Both are green in colour.
4. Both have reticulate venation.
5. Both have an entire margin.
6. Both have a prominent midrib and a pointed apex.

(d)(ii) Observable differences between specimens A and B

Feature	Specimen A (mango)	Specimen B (Ixora)
Petiole	Long	Short
Apex	Long, drawn-out or acuminate	Short or acute
Lamina	Narrow	Broad
Leaf arrangement	Alternate or spiral	Opposite or decussate

(e) Labelled drawing of specimen A: mango leaf, 8 to 10 cm long

Soma maelezo ya somo kwenye Tissues And Supporting Systems: (WAEC)

Soma maelezo ya somo kwenye Morphology Of Monocotyledonous And Dicotyledonous Plants (WAEC)

Study specimens T, V and W carefully and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d)

(a) Classify Specimen T,V and W according to the following criteria: (i) Agricultural classification: (ii) Life cycle.

(b) State two ways in which specimen W is important to human nutrition.

(c) With a scalpel or knife, make a cross Section of specimen T.

(ii) What type of placentation is observed in the cut section of specimen T? Name one example of a fruit with similar placentation as observed in the cut section of specimen T.

Make a drawing 10 cm - 12 cm long of the transverse section and label fully.

(d) Make a transverse section of Specimen V and state: (i) Three Observable differences;

(ii) Three observable similarities; between the transverse section of specimen T and V.

Study specimen Xi and Xii and use them to answer question 4 (e) (i) to 4 (e) (ii)

(e) Carefully remove the bark of specimen Xi to expose the naked part.

(i) State two observable differences between Specimen Xi and Xii.

(ii) If Xi and Xii are planted, what difference will be noticed after a month? State one reason for the answer in 4 (e)(ii)

4(a) Classification of specimens

Criterion	Specimen T	Specimen V	Specimen W
Agricultural classification	Fruit crop	Vegetable crop	Root-tuber crop
Life cycle	Perennial	Annual	Biennial

4(b) Importance of specimen W to human nutrition

1. It is a source of starch/carbohydrate and therefore supplies energy.
2. It provides dietary fibre and vitamins which promote healthy digestion and general body health.

4(c) Transverse section of specimen T

The placentation is axile placentation. A fruit with similar placentation is tomato, pepper or garden egg.

Labelled drawing of the transverse section of orange/citrus fruit:

4(d) Comparison of transverse sections of T and V

(i) Observable differences

Specimen T, orange/citrus	Specimen V, tomato
Has few or no seeds; seeds, where present, are relatively larger.	Has many relatively smaller seeds.
Epicarp and mesocarp form a thick, firm or leathery rind.	Epicarp and mesocarp are soft and juicy.
Endocarp consists of distinct juicy segments containing succulent hairs.	Endocarp is a uniform juicy pulp.

(ii) Observable similarities

1. Both contain seeds.
2. Both have fused epicarp and mesocarp.
3. Both have succulent endocarp/pulp.
4. Both show axile placentation.

4(e)

(i) Observable differences between X_i and X_ii

Xi	Xii
Node is absent.	Node is present.
Scale leaf/bark is absent, exposing whitish wood.	Scale leaf/bark is present and the stem is brown or green.
No axillary bud is present.	An axillary bud is present.

(ii) Result after planting

X_ii will germinate and produce a shoot, whereas X_i will not germinate and may decay. This is because X_ii possesses an axillary bud which develops into a new shoot, while the bud was removed from X_i.

Soma maelezo ya somo kwenye Reproduction (JAMB)

Soma maelezo ya somo kwenye Biology And Agriculture (WAEC)

Study Specimen G and H carefully them to answer question 2 (a) to 2(c).

(a) (i) Name the phylum of specimens G and H.

(ii) State two reasons for the answer given in 2 (a)(i).

(b) Name the structures on specimen G and H that are used for defense.

(c)(i) State two habitat of each of specimen G and H. (i) State two ways in which each of specimen G and H are of economic importance.

Study specimen M, N and P carefully and use them to answer question 2 (d) and 2 (e).

(d) (i) Name the class of organisms to which each of the specimen M, N and P are associated. (ii) State one function common to the specimen named in 2 (d)(i).

(iii) In a tabular form, State four observable difference between specimen M and P.

(e) Explain three features of biological importance in Specimen M.

Observe Specimen Q, under a microscope and specimen R, carefully. Use them to answer questions 3(a) to 3(e).

(a)(i) State the phylum to which each of specimen Q and R belong. (ii) State one reason each for the answers stated in 3(a)(i).

(iii) What is the symmetry of specimen Q and R?

(b)(i) State two observable features each of specimen Q and R. (ii) State one function each of the features mentioned in 3(b)(i).

(c)(i) Name the sex of specimen R. (ii) Give one reason for the answer given in 3(c)(i).

(d) In tabular form, state four observable differences between specimen Q and R.

(e) Make a drawing 10 cm-12 cm long of the lateral view of specimen R and label fully.

Model Answer

(a)(i) Specimens Q and R belong to Phylum Arthropoda.

(a)(ii) Each specimen has a hard chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendages.

(a)(iii) Both specimens possess bilateral symmetry.

(b)(i) Observable features and their functions

Specimen	Observable feature	Function
Q, cockroach	Long, segmented antennae	They detect touch, odours and vibrations in the surroundings.
	Flattened body with a hard exoskeleton	The exoskeleton protects the body and reduces water loss.
R, grasshopper	Large, muscular hind legs	They are used for jumping and escape from danger.
	Two pairs of wings	They aid movement by flight.

(c)(i) Specimen R is female.

(c)(ii) It has a distinct ovipositor at the posterior end of the abdomen for laying eggs.

(d) Observable differences between specimens Q and R

Feature	Specimen Q, cockroach	Specimen R, grasshopper
Body shape	Body is dorsoventrally flattened.	Body is elongated and laterally compressed.
Hind legs	Hind legs are not greatly enlarged.	Hind legs are long, enlarged and adapted for jumping.
Wings	Forewings are leathery and lie flat over the abdomen.	Forewings are narrow tegmina; the broad hind wings are folded fanwise.
Antennae	Antennae are very long and thread-like.	Antennae are relatively short and stout.

(e) Lateral view of specimen R

Title: Lateral view of a female grasshopper, specimen R.

Drawn to a length of 10–12 cm and fully labelled:

Soma maelezo ya somo kwenye Tissues And Supporting Systems: (WAEC)