WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2018 (Practical)
Swali 1 Ripoti
(a) State four ways of controlling specimen G (Rat) on an animal farm.
(b) State four effects of specimen H (Tick) on cattle.
(c) Mention three other organisms which have similar effects as specimen H on farm animals.
(d) State four ways of controlling specimen H.
(a) Four ways of controlling specimen G (rat) on an animal farm
- Use of traps to catch and destroy them.
- Use of rodenticides/poisons.
- Good farm sanitation to remove food and hiding places.
- Storage of feed in covered, rat-proof containers and blocking of openings in walls and floors (predators such as cats also help).
(b) Four effects of specimen H (tick) on cattle
- They suck blood, causing anaemia and loss of condition.
- They are vectors of diseases such as babesiosis, anaplasmosis, theileriosis and heartwater.
- Their bites cause wounds that lead to secondary infection.
- They cause irritation and restlessness and damage the hide/skin, reducing productivity.
(c) Three other organisms with similar effects as specimen H (tick)
- Lice
- Mites/keds
- Fleas (also larvae of houseflies/blowflies)
(d) Four ways of controlling specimen H (tick)
- Application of acaricides/pesticides by dipping, spraying, dusting or pour-on.
- Hand-picking and destroying the ticks from the animal's body.
- Rotational grazing/paddocking and burning of infested pasture.
- Good farm hygiene with isolation/quarantine of infested animals.
Maelezo ya Majibu
(a) Four ways of controlling specimen G (rat) on an animal farm
- Use of traps to catch and destroy them.
- Use of rodenticides/poisons.
- Good farm sanitation to remove food and hiding places.
- Storage of feed in covered, rat-proof containers and blocking of openings in walls and floors (predators such as cats also help).
(b) Four effects of specimen H (tick) on cattle
- They suck blood, causing anaemia and loss of condition.
- They are vectors of diseases such as babesiosis, anaplasmosis, theileriosis and heartwater.
- Their bites cause wounds that lead to secondary infection.
- They cause irritation and restlessness and damage the hide/skin, reducing productivity.
(c) Three other organisms with similar effects as specimen H (tick)
- Lice
- Mites/keds
- Fleas (also larvae of houseflies/blowflies)
(d) Four ways of controlling specimen H (tick)
- Application of acaricides/pesticides by dipping, spraying, dusting or pour-on.
- Hand-picking and destroying the ticks from the animal's body.
- Rotational grazing/paddocking and burning of infested pasture.
- Good farm hygiene with isolation/quarantine of infested animals.
Swali 2 Ripoti
(a) Give four reasons why farmers keep specimen E.
(b) Mention two products that could be obtained from specimen E.
(c) If specimen E was serviced on 12th May 2016 and conceived on the same day, calculate the expected kindling date.
(d) Sate two ways of controlling ear manage on specimen E.
(e) Mention two endoparasites and two ectoparasites that could infest specimen E.
Specimen E is a rabbit.
(a) Four reasons why farmers keep the rabbit
- It provides meat that is rich in protein and low in fat.
- It is a source of income to the farmer.
- It is prolific, matures early and has a short gestation period, so it multiplies rapidly.
- It provides raw materials such as fur/pelt and also droppings used as manure. (It is also kept as a pet and for research.)
(b) Two products obtained from the rabbit
- Meat.
- Pelt/skin (fur). (Bone and manure are also obtained.)
(c) Expected kindling date
The gestation period of a rabbit is about 31 days (30 to 32 days). Counting 31 days from the date of conception, 12th May 2016:
From 12th May to 31st May is 19 days; the remaining 12 days fall in June (19 + 12 = 31). Therefore the expected kindling date is 12th June 2016 (allowing 30 to 32 days, between 11th and 13th June 2016).
(d) Two ways of controlling ear mange on the rabbit
- Apply a recommended acaricide/miticide or sulphur ointment (or medicated oil) into the affected ears.
- Maintain good sanitation of the hutch, isolate affected animals and treat with a veterinary drug such as ivermectin.
(e) Endoparasites and ectoparasites that could infest the rabbit
- Two endoparasites: coccidia (Eimeria) and tapeworm (also roundworm and liver fluke).
- Two ectoparasites: mange mites (ear mites) and fleas (also lice and ticks).
Maelezo ya Majibu
Specimen E is a rabbit.
(a) Four reasons why farmers keep the rabbit
- It provides meat that is rich in protein and low in fat.
- It is a source of income to the farmer.
- It is prolific, matures early and has a short gestation period, so it multiplies rapidly.
- It provides raw materials such as fur/pelt and also droppings used as manure. (It is also kept as a pet and for research.)
(b) Two products obtained from the rabbit
- Meat.
- Pelt/skin (fur). (Bone and manure are also obtained.)
(c) Expected kindling date
The gestation period of a rabbit is about 31 days (30 to 32 days). Counting 31 days from the date of conception, 12th May 2016:
From 12th May to 31st May is 19 days; the remaining 12 days fall in June (19 + 12 = 31). Therefore the expected kindling date is 12th June 2016 (allowing 30 to 32 days, between 11th and 13th June 2016).
(d) Two ways of controlling ear mange on the rabbit
- Apply a recommended acaricide/miticide or sulphur ointment (or medicated oil) into the affected ears.
- Maintain good sanitation of the hutch, isolate affected animals and treat with a veterinary drug such as ivermectin.
(e) Endoparasites and ectoparasites that could infest the rabbit
- Two endoparasites: coccidia (Eimeria) and tapeworm (also roundworm and liver fluke).
- Two ectoparasites: mange mites (ear mites) and fleas (also lice and ticks).
Swali 3 Ripoti
Study specimen C(Cattle Hoof) ,D ,E(Rabbit) and F and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Mention two other farm animals from which; (i) specimen A (Chicken Egg) could be obtained (ii) specimen B (Cattle Horn) could be obtained (iii) specimen C could be obtained
(b) State four ways in which specimen A is important.
(c) State one function of each specimen B and C in farm animals
(d) List three products that could be obtained from specimen B.
(a) Two other farm animals from which each specimen could be obtained
- (i) Specimen A (chicken egg): duck and turkey (also guinea fowl, quail and goose).
- (ii) Specimen B (cattle horn): ram/sheep and goat (also buffalo).
- (iii) Specimen C (cattle hoof): sheep and goat (also pig, horse, donkey and camel).
(b) Four ways in which specimen A (egg) is important
- It is a food rich in protein.
- It is a source of income to the farmer.
- It is used for reproduction, hatching into chicks.
- It is a raw material in industry (vaccines, cosmetics, adhesives and pharmaceuticals).
(c) One function of each of specimens B and C in farm animals
- Horn (B): used for defence and attack against enemies.
- Hoof (C): supports the body and protects the feet during walking.
(d) Three products that could be obtained from specimen B (horn)
- Buttons and combs.
- Glue/gelatine (adhesive).
- Cutlery handles (also musical instruments and ornaments).
Maelezo ya Majibu
(a) Two other farm animals from which each specimen could be obtained
- (i) Specimen A (chicken egg): duck and turkey (also guinea fowl, quail and goose).
- (ii) Specimen B (cattle horn): ram/sheep and goat (also buffalo).
- (iii) Specimen C (cattle hoof): sheep and goat (also pig, horse, donkey and camel).
(b) Four ways in which specimen A (egg) is important
- It is a food rich in protein.
- It is a source of income to the farmer.
- It is used for reproduction, hatching into chicks.
- It is a raw material in industry (vaccines, cosmetics, adhesives and pharmaceuticals).
(c) One function of each of specimens B and C in farm animals
- Horn (B): used for defence and attack against enemies.
- Hoof (C): supports the body and protects the feet during walking.
(d) Three products that could be obtained from specimen B (horn)
- Buttons and combs.
- Glue/gelatine (adhesive).
- Cutlery handles (also musical instruments and ornaments).
Swali 4 Ripoti
(a)(i) Mention two forms in which specimen J (Guinea Grass) could be preserved.
(ii) State three qualities of each of the preserved forms of specimen J mentions in 4(a)(i)
(b) State three advantages of growing specimens J and K (Pueraria) together on a pasture.
(c) List four management practices that could be adopted to improve a pasture on which specimen J and K are grown.
(a)(i) Two forms in which specimen J (guinea grass) could be preserved
- As silage
- As hay
(a)(ii) Three qualities of each preserved form
Silage:
- It is light pale green to greenish-yellow in colour.
- It has a mild, pleasant, fruity/acidic aroma and is free from mould and slime.
- It is succulent with a low pH (about 4.0 to 4.5), which prevents further degradation.
Hay:
- It retains a fairly green colour with a high leaf proportion.
- It is cut before flowering and is free from dust, moulds, weeds and poisonous herbs.
- It has a low moisture content (about 15 to 25 per cent).
(b) Three advantages of growing specimens J and K (guinea grass and Pueraria) together
- The legume K fixes nitrogen and improves the nitrogen status and fertility of the soil.
- The mixture provides a more balanced ration, giving energy from the grass and protein from the legume, and reduces the risk of bloat.
- The dense cover protects the soil from erosion, smothers weeds and conserves soil moisture.
(c) Four management practices to improve the pasture
- Rotational grazing/paddocking with controlled stocking to avoid over- or under-grazing.
- Weed control.
- Fertilizer application.
- Reseeding, supported by irrigation and pest and disease control.
Maelezo ya Majibu
(a)(i) Two forms in which specimen J (guinea grass) could be preserved
- As silage
- As hay
(a)(ii) Three qualities of each preserved form
Silage:
- It is light pale green to greenish-yellow in colour.
- It has a mild, pleasant, fruity/acidic aroma and is free from mould and slime.
- It is succulent with a low pH (about 4.0 to 4.5), which prevents further degradation.
Hay:
- It retains a fairly green colour with a high leaf proportion.
- It is cut before flowering and is free from dust, moulds, weeds and poisonous herbs.
- It has a low moisture content (about 15 to 25 per cent).
(b) Three advantages of growing specimens J and K (guinea grass and Pueraria) together
- The legume K fixes nitrogen and improves the nitrogen status and fertility of the soil.
- The mixture provides a more balanced ration, giving energy from the grass and protein from the legume, and reduces the risk of bloat.
- The dense cover protects the soil from erosion, smothers weeds and conserves soil moisture.
(c) Four management practices to improve the pasture
- Rotational grazing/paddocking with controlled stocking to avoid over- or under-grazing.
- Weed control.
- Fertilizer application.
- Reseeding, supported by irrigation and pest and disease control.
