JAMB UTME - Geography - 2018
Swali 1 Ripoti
Study the map and answer the question. The land-form feature at the centre of the map can best be described as
Maelezo ya Majibu
Swali 2 Ripoti
Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature marked X in the diagram is a
Maelezo ya Majibu
The feature marked X in the diagram is a cliff. A cliff is a high and steep rock face or earth surface that drops abruptly from a higher to a lower level. It can also be defined as a steep slope or vertical surface, especially one at the edge of a body of water like the ocean or a lake. The diagram shows a rocky surface that slopes down dramatically towards the water, which is a clear indication that it is a cliff.
Swali 3 Ripoti
Which of the following is not a proof to show that the earth is spherical in shape?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The option that is not a proof to show that the Earth is spherical in shape is "twilight and dawn."
While sunrise, sunset, ships visibility, and lunar eclipse are all evidence that supports the idea that the Earth is a sphere, twilight and dawn are not necessarily proof of this shape. Twilight and dawn occur when the Sun is just below the horizon and its light is scattered by the Earth's atmosphere, creating a soft, diffuse light. While this phenomenon is consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere, it is not unique to this shape and could also occur on other types of celestial bodies.
In contrast, sunrise and sunset occur because the Earth's spherical shape causes the Sun's light to be blocked from certain parts of the planet as it rotates on its axis. Ships visibility and lunar eclipses are also consistent with the idea that the Earth is a sphere because they demonstrate the way that a sphere can obstruct light and shadow.
Swali 4 Ripoti
The major environmental problem associated with Area marked Y is____________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. South Eastern States of Nigeria are heavily affected by gully erosion due to their underlying geology and the serenity of their accompanied surface process.
Swali 5 Ripoti
A type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny is a
Maelezo ya Majibu
A fold mountain is a type of land-form that is associated with large scale orogeny. In simple terms, orogeny is the process of mountain building, which occurs when two tectonic plates collide and push up the land between them. This process causes the rock layers to bend, fold and become uplifted, creating a fold mountain. Examples of fold mountains include the Rocky Mountains in North America and the Himalayas in Asia.
Swali 6 Ripoti
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulders during mechanical weathering is called________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The peeling off of surface layers of a rounded boulder during mechanical weathering is called exfoliation.
Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering process that occurs when layers of rock or boulder peel off from the surface due to pressure release. The process usually occurs in rocks that have been exposed to intense heat, pressure, and other environmental factors for a long time.
As a result of these factors, the rock expands and contracts repeatedly, causing the surface layers to crack and break apart. Over time, these cracks become wider, and the layers begin to peel off, revealing the smooth and rounded boulder underneath.
Exfoliation is often seen in granitic rocks, where the outer layers peel off to form concentric layers resembling an onion. The process can also occur in other rock types such as sandstone and shale.
Overall, exfoliation is an important geological process that contributes to the breakdown and erosion of rocks over time, shaping the landscape around us.
Swali 7 Ripoti
The two most important factors which account for the pattern of population distribution in West Africa are
Maelezo ya Majibu
Physical conditions determine the population distribution in Africa. The topography of an area, how favourable it is determine population distribution. People tend to move from a place to another if the condition is not favourable. Nomads for example move their cattles around for pastures to graze.
Swali 8 Ripoti
Fluid basic lava flow is likely to give rise to a volcanic_____________
Maelezo ya Majibu
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
Swali 9 Ripoti
The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in
Maelezo ya Majibu
The greatest volcanic regions of Africa are found in two main areas: Kenya and Tanzania, and Sudan and Ethiopia.
In Kenya and Tanzania, the Great Rift Valley runs through the region and is home to some of the most iconic volcanic features on the continent. The valley is characterized by a series of interconnected volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and lakes. The most famous volcanic peaks in the area are Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Kenya, and Mount Meru.
In Sudan and Ethiopia, the East African Rift Valley also runs through the region and is another hotspot for volcanic activity. The valley is home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Erta Ale, Nyiragongo, and Mount Karthala. In addition, the region is known for its geothermal activity, with numerous hot springs and geysers dotting the landscape.
Both of these regions are characterized by their tectonic activity, with the movement of the Earth's crust leading to the formation of rift valleys, which in turn create the conditions for volcanic activity. The result is a stunning and unique landscape that draws visitors from all over the world.
Swali 10 Ripoti
Study the map and answer the question. Given that the area show on the map is in Northern Nigeria, which of the following crop combinations would best be cultivated in the area that is liable to flooding
Maelezo ya Majibu
Swali 11 Ripoti
The innermost section of the Earth is the__________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The innermost section of the Earth is the core.
The Earth's core is the central part of our planet, located beneath the mantle. It is composed primarily of iron and nickel, and is divided into two distinct layers: the outer core and the inner core. The outer core is a liquid layer that surrounds the solid inner core. The inner core is a solid, dense ball of metal that is about the size of the Moon.
The core plays a crucial role in the Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect our planet from harmful solar radiation. The core also generates the heat that drives the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates, which causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Understanding the properties and behavior of the Earth's core is an important area of research in the field of geophysics.
Swali 12 Ripoti
One of the following is associated with wind deflation in arid region_________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Deflation is an action of wind when it picks up or remove loose particles from an area and leaves a denuded surface covered with coarse material too large for wind transport. The most noticeable results of deflation in some places are shallow depressions called blowouts
Swali 13 Ripoti
A form of chemical weathering is__________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The form of chemical weathering is carbonation.
Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering that occurs when carbon dioxide from the air reacts with minerals in rocks to form new compounds. This reaction causes the minerals in the rock to dissolve and the rock to become weaker and eventually break down into smaller pieces. This process is important in the formation of soil, as it helps break down rocks and minerals into smaller particles that can be easily transported and mixed into the soil.
Swali 14 Ripoti
Soil conservation can be achieved through___________-
Maelezo ya Majibu
Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination
Swali 15 Ripoti
The earth is enveloped by a mixture of gases referred to as the___________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The answer is "atmosphere".
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is made up of a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere protects the Earth from the harmful radiation from the sun and helps to regulate the temperature of the planet. It is divided into several layers, including the troposphere (where weather occurs) and the stratosphere (where the ozone layer is located). The atmosphere is essential for life on Earth, as it provides the air we breathe and plays a crucial role in the Earth's water cycle.
Swali 16 Ripoti
British foreign investments are concentrated in
Maelezo ya Majibu
The commonwealth of nations, known as commonwealth is an inter governmental organisation of 53 member States that are mostly former territories of the British empire
Swali 17 Ripoti
Lines joining places with same mean annual rainfall are called___________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Lines joining places with the same mean annual rainfall are called isohyets. Isohyets are lines drawn on a map connecting points that receive the same amount of rainfall in a year. The word "isohyet" comes from the Greek words "iso" meaning "equal" and "hyetos" meaning "rain". These lines help us understand the patterns and distribution of rainfall over a certain area, and can be useful for various purposes such as agriculture, water management, and meteorology.
Swali 18 Ripoti
How long does it take the mercury to make a complete revolution?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The answer is 88 days. Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, and it orbits around the Sun at a very fast pace. It takes approximately 88 Earth days for Mercury to make one complete orbit around the Sun. This means that Mercury completes about 4 orbits in the time it takes Earth to complete 1 orbit. Because of its fast orbit and close proximity to the Sun, Mercury experiences extreme temperature variations, with temperatures ranging from over 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to -290 degrees Fahrenheit at night.
Swali 19 Ripoti
The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The dominant foreign exchange earner of Senegal is groundnut.
Groundnut, also known as peanut, is one of the main agricultural crops grown in Senegal. It is a versatile crop that can be used for food, oil, and animal feed. Groundnuts are an important source of income for many farmers in Senegal, and the country is one of the largest producers of groundnuts in Africa.
The export of groundnuts is a significant source of foreign exchange for Senegal. The country exports groundnuts to various international markets, including Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. In addition to groundnuts, Senegal also exports other agricultural products such as fish, fruits, and vegetables, as well as textiles and chemicals. However, groundnuts remain the main foreign exchange earner for the country.
Swali 20 Ripoti
Which of these hazard would most like result directly from deforestation?
Maelezo ya Majibu
Deforestation is the clearing of trees and other vegetation in a forested area. One of the most likely hazards that can result directly from deforestation is soil erosion.
When trees are cut down, the roots that held the soil in place are also removed, leaving the soil exposed and vulnerable to erosion by wind and rain. With no tree cover to protect the soil, rainwater can wash away the topsoil, leading to soil erosion. This process can cause the soil to become less fertile, which can make it difficult for plants to grow and can ultimately lead to desertification.
Additionally, deforestation can also lead to changes in the water cycle, which can result in decreased water availability, increased flooding, and other forms of water pollution. However, these hazards are less directly linked to deforestation than soil erosion.
Swali 21 Ripoti
A desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation is___________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Egypt is a desert country which has a high population density supported by irrigation. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to crops and lands to help them grow. In Egypt, the Nile River provides water for irrigation, allowing agriculture to flourish and supporting the country's large population. This is why Egypt is considered a good example of a desert country with a high population density that is supported by irrigation.
Swali 22 Ripoti
Study the map and answer the question. The bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately
Maelezo ya Majibu
To determine the approximate bearing of Jata from Adaba using the map, we need to look at the compass rose and use the scale provided.
Looking at the compass rose, we can see that North is pointing towards the top of the map. To find the bearing of Jata from Adaba, we need to draw a straight line from Adaba to Jata on the map, and then measure the angle between this line and North using a protractor.
Measuring this angle, we can see that it is approximately 21 degrees. Therefore, the bearing of Jata from Adaba is approximately 21°.
Note that this is an approximation since we are using a ruler and protractor on a printed map, which may not be completely accurate. Additionally, the actual bearing of Jata from Adaba may differ slightly depending on the specific route taken.
Swali 23 Ripoti
One basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar and Nkalagu is
Maelezo ya Majibu
The basic mineral that is common to Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu is limestone. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is composed mainly of calcium carbonate, which is a mineral that is commonly found in the Earth's crust. It is a very versatile mineral that has a wide range of applications, including in the construction industry, as a raw material for cement production, and in agriculture as a soil conditioner.
Sokoto, Ewekoro, Calabar, and Nkalagu are all regions in Nigeria that have abundant deposits of limestone. The limestone in these areas is of high quality and is a significant source of revenue for the local economy. It is usually mined from quarries and then processed into various forms for its different uses. Therefore, the basic mineral that is common to all these areas is limestone, which is an essential raw material for various industries and is vital for economic growth and development.
Swali 24 Ripoti
Dodoma is to Tanzania as ______ to Nigeria
Maelezo ya Majibu
The answer is Abuja.
Dodoma is the capital city of Tanzania, and similarly, Abuja is the capital city of Nigeria.
Prior to Abuja, Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. However, due to its rapidly growing population and other challenges, the government decided to move the capital to a more central location in the country, which is Abuja.
Therefore, just as Dodoma serves as the political hub of Tanzania, Abuja serves as the political center of Nigeria.
Swali 25 Ripoti
Along which latitude will be the day time be longest on Christmas day?
Maelezo ya Majibu
Swali 26 Ripoti
In which of the following rock types is petroleum mainly found?
Maelezo ya Majibu
Petroleum is mainly found in sedimentary rocks.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, which can include organic matter such as dead plants and animals. Over time, this organic matter can become buried and subjected to heat and pressure, which can transform it into petroleum through a process called diagenesis.
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The organic matter in sedimentary rocks that forms petroleum is usually derived from marine plants and animals that died and sank to the bottom of the ocean. Over time, these organic remains can be buried by layers of sediment, and the heat and pressure from the overlying rocks can cause them to be transformed into petroleum.
While it is possible for petroleum to be found in other types of rocks, such as metamorphic rocks that have undergone extreme heat and pressure, sedimentary rocks are by far the most common type of rock that contains petroleum. This is because the process of petroleum formation requires the accumulation and burial of organic matter, which is most likely to occur in sedimentary environments such as oceans, lakes, and swamps.
Swali 27 Ripoti
If the time in New York (75°W) is 5.00pm, The time in Nigeria(15°E) will be
Maelezo ya Majibu
New York (75°W) is 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC-5) and Nigeria (15°E) is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+1). Therefore, there is a time difference of 6 hours between New York and Nigeria.
When it is 5.00pm in New York, we can add 6 hours to find the time in Nigeria:
5.00pm in New York + 6 hours = 11.00pm in Nigeria
So the correct answer is 11.00pm.
Swali 28 Ripoti
Lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are__________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The lines joining places of equal sunshine duration on maps are called Isohel.
Isohel is a type of contour line that connects all the points on a map that receive the same amount of sunlight in a given period, usually a day or a year. These lines are similar to contour lines on a topographic map that connect points of equal elevation.
Isohels are used to show areas with similar amounts of sunshine and can be used to analyze patterns in climate and weather. For example, isohel maps can help identify areas with higher or lower amounts of sunlight and help to plan agriculture, solar power generation, and other activities that depend on sunlight.
Swali 29 Ripoti
Lake Kivu and Malawi are related in that they_________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Lake Kivu and Lake Malawi are related in that they are both rift valley lakes. A rift valley lake is a type of lake that forms in a depression or basin created by tectonic activity. In the case of these two lakes, they were formed as a result of the East African Rift, which is a large geological rift that stretches for thousands of kilometers through Eastern Africa. The two lakes are located in different parts of the rift, with Lake Kivu in the western branch and Lake Malawi in the southern branch, but they share a common geological origin.
Swali 30 Ripoti
A well will always contain water if its dug_________
Maelezo ya Majibu
The sans bearing water or the acquifier is a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit water. The body (acquifier) is generally a rock with permeability and porosity. They can hold water and provide sufficient rate. If a well is drilled, one does not always get water unless the acquifier is reached
Swali 31 Ripoti
Study the table given which shows the mean climatic conditions of station Q and answer the questions.
| Month | J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| Temp(°C) | -11 | -9 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 4 | -2 | -8 |
| Precipitation(mm) | 28 | 23 | 30 | 38 | 48 | 51 | 71 | 74 | 56 | 36 | 41 | 41 |
What type of climate has the station?
Maelezo ya Majibu
Based on the given mean climatic conditions, the station has a "Cool Temperate" climate. This is because the average temperature during the warmest month (July) is 19°C, which is below the threshold for a "Warm Temperate" or "Mediterranean" climate. Additionally, the average temperature during the coldest month (January) is -11°C, which is characteristic of a "Cool Temperate" or "Cold Temperate" climate. The amount of precipitation throughout the year is moderate, with the wettest month being July with 71mm of rainfall.
Swali 32 Ripoti
The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions my mechanical weathering is called_______
Maelezo ya Majibu
The plains formed when the slopes of mountains are worn back in arid and semi-arid regions by mechanical weathering is called "Pediplains".
Pediplains are a type of plain that form as a result of the gradual erosion and weathering of mountains and hills. They typically occur in arid and semi-arid regions where there is little vegetation to protect the land from erosion. Over time, as the wind, rain, and other natural forces wear away at the mountain slopes, sediment is carried downhill and deposited on the surrounding plain. This sediment can be made up of rocks, sand, and soil, and can create a relatively flat and gently sloping plain that extends out from the base of the mountain.
Unlike other types of plains, such as alluvial plains or outwash plains, which are formed by water deposition, pediplains are formed by the mechanical weathering and erosion of rock and soil. They are typically found in regions where there is little precipitation and where the climate is dry and hot, which can help to speed up the weathering process.
Swali 33 Ripoti
'It is a port that specializes in receiving and redistributing goods to the neighboring countries'. Which of the following ports is described in the preceding statement?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The port described in the statement is an Entrepôt.
An entrepôt is a port or a place where goods are stored temporarily before being re-exported to other countries. It acts as a distribution center for goods, receiving them from one place and then redistributing them to other places.
A ferry port is a place where ferries arrive and depart, carrying passengers and vehicles across bodies of water.
An outport is a smaller port that is located away from the main port and is usually used for loading and unloading goods.
A river port is a port located on a river and is used for loading and unloading goods and passengers along the river.
Swali 34 Ripoti
Which of the following countries has the least potential for the production of steel?
Maelezo ya Majibu
Among the options given, Cuba has the least potential for the production of steel.
Cuba is a small island country in the Caribbean with a limited supply of natural resources, including iron ore and coal, which are essential raw materials for steel production. Cuba's iron reserves are low-quality and require significant processing to be suitable for steelmaking. Additionally, Cuba has limited access to modern steelmaking technology and expertise, which further restricts its potential for steel production.
On the other hand, India, Japan, and Germany have significant potential for steel production. India is one of the world's largest producers of steel, with abundant iron ore reserves and a highly skilled workforce. Japan and Germany are also major players in the global steel industry, with advanced technology and ample access to raw materials.
Swali 35 Ripoti
An instrument used for setting out right angle in surveying a parcel of land is
Maelezo ya Majibu
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them
Swali 36 Ripoti
Latitude 66 and half marks the____________
Maelezo ya Majibu
Latitude 66 and a half (66.5) marks the Arctic Circle.
The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that circles the Earth at approximately 66.5 degrees latitude, which is located in the northern hemisphere. This line marks the southernmost point at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for a full 24 hours, depending on the time of year.
Therefore, if you are at a location with latitude 66.5 degrees or higher, it means that you are within the Arctic Circle and can experience the phenomenon of the midnight sun during the summer solstice, where the sun remains above the horizon for a full 24 hours. In contrast, during the winter solstice, the sun will not rise above the horizon at all, resulting in 24 hours of darkness.
Hence, the correct answer is:
- Arctic Circle
Swali 37 Ripoti
An alternative graphic method that can be used to depict the same information as a pie chart is the___________
Maelezo ya Majibu
A choropleth map is a thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income.
Swali 38 Ripoti
Which of the following is not a form of mass movement?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The answer is "earthquake" as it is not a form of mass movement.
Mass movement refers to the process by which large amounts of soil, rock, and other debris move down a slope under the influence of gravity. Landslides, rockslides, and talus creep are all examples of mass movement.
An earthquake, on the other hand, is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by the movement of tectonic plates. While earthquakes can cause landslides and other types of mass movement, the earthquake itself is not a form of mass movement. Instead, it is a geological event that can trigger mass movement in the surrounding area.
Swali 39 Ripoti
Which of the following rocks is composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals?
Maelezo ya Majibu
The rock composed of the skeletons of microscopic sea plants and animals is called "Chalk". Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock that is formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms called coccolithophores. These microscopic creatures have hard shells made of calcium carbonate, and when they die, their shells accumulate on the ocean floor. Over time, these accumulations can become compressed and cemented together, forming the soft rock we know as chalk.
Chalk is often found in areas that were once covered by shallow seas, such as in the cliffs of southern England. It has many uses, including as a writing surface, in construction, and as a natural fertilizer. Its softness and white color also make it a popular material for art, such as in the creation of chalk drawings.
Swali 40 Ripoti
Use the diagram below to answer the question. The feature is one of the landforms associated with
Maelezo ya Majibu
The feature in the diagram is a sand dune, which is a landform associated with wind deposition. Sand dunes are formed when wind carries sand particles and deposits them in a particular location, creating a mound of sand. Over time, as the wind continues to blow, the sand dune may shift or change in shape. Sand dunes can be found in deserts, on beaches, and in other areas with high wind activity.
