JAMB UTME - Geography - 2021

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Creativity of people in the area is not a factor that favours industrial concentration in Western Nigeria. Industrial concentration refers to the clustering of industries in a particular geographic location. There are several factors that can influence the concentration of industries in an area. In the case of Western Nigeria, three key factors that favour industrial concentration are the availability of raw materials, closeness to major importing and exporting ports, and a good road network. The availability of raw materials is a major factor that influences the location of industries. Industries require access to raw materials to produce goods and services, and if these raw materials are readily available in a particular area, it makes sense for industries to cluster there. Closeness to major importing and exporting ports is also an important factor that can influence industrial concentration. If industries are located close to major ports, they have easier access to the global market and can more easily import raw materials and export finished products. A good road network is also important for industrial concentration. If an area has good roads, it is easier for goods and services to be transported in and out of the area. This can help to reduce transportation costs and increase efficiency, which can be especially important for industries that rely on just-in-time manufacturing and delivery. Creativity of people in the area, while important in terms of innovation and entrepreneurship, is not a direct factor that influences industrial concentration. Other factors such as access to capital, labour force availability, and government policies may play a more important role in promoting industrial concentration. In summary, the availability of raw materials, closeness to major ports, and a good road network are important factors that favour industrial concentration in Western Nigeria. Creativity of people in the area, while important for innovation and entrepreneurship, is not a direct factor that influences industrial concentration.

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Shale is a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment, such as dead plants and animals, sand, or mud, that have been compacted and cemented together over time. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that forms from the compression of clay and silt. It is usually dark in color and can be easily split into thin layers. Marble, on the other hand, is a metamorphic rock, which means it was formed from the alteration of an existing rock, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is a dense, crystalline rock that is prized for its beauty and used in construction and sculpture. Graphite is a naturally occurring form of carbon and is not a rock. Schist is a metamorphic rock that forms from the alteration of existing rocks, often through heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It is characterized by its foliated texture, with flat, sheet-like minerals that are aligned in a particular direction.

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When the salinity of an ocean is high, the ocean water becomes more dense. This dense water tends to sink towards the bottom of the ocean and flow along the ocean floor towards areas where the salinity is lower. So, the correct answer is: the ocean water is dense and creeps at the bottom of the ocean towards low salinity areas.

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On maps, lines drawn to join all places in the ocean having equal degree of salinity are called isohalines. Isohalines are similar to contour lines on topographic maps that join all points of equal elevation. However, instead of elevation, isohalines connect all points on a map that have the same salinity in the ocean. Ocean salinity is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in a given amount of seawater. The salinity of ocean water varies depending on several factors, such as temperature, evaporation, and precipitation. By drawing isohalines on maps, scientists can visualize the patterns of salinity distribution in the ocean and study how it changes over time. The term "isohaline" comes from the Greek word "iso" meaning equal and "haline" meaning salt, so it literally means "equal salt."

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The importance of highlands in Nigeria does not include being a source of minerals. Highlands are elevated areas of land that are generally located at higher altitudes than the surrounding areas. In Nigeria, there are several highland areas, including the Jos Plateau and the Mambilla Plateau. These highlands have several important features and benefits. One of the key benefits of highlands is that they occupy good land that is suitable for agriculture. The higher altitudes often mean cooler temperatures, which can be beneficial for certain crops. Additionally, the soil in highland areas may be richer and more fertile, which can result in higher crop yields. Highlands can also serve as settlement sites, as they are often more defensible than lowland areas. Historically, many highland areas in Nigeria have been used as sites for forts and other defensive structures. Another important feature of highlands is that they are often the source of rivers. The high elevations allow for the accumulation of water, which can then flow downhill and form rivers and other bodies of water. These rivers can be important sources of water for irrigation, as well as for domestic and industrial use. While highlands may contain minerals, they are not typically a major source of mineral resources in Nigeria. Mineral resources in Nigeria are more commonly found in other areas, such as the Niger Delta and the Jos Plateau. In summary, highlands in Nigeria are important for their suitability for agriculture, their historical use as settlement sites, and their role as sources of rivers. While they may contain minerals, this is not typically their primary importance.

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Monadnock of the USA is not a volcanic mountain. Volcanic mountains are formed when molten rock (magma) rises to the surface and erupts, building up layer upon layer of solidified rock and ash. Some examples of well-known volcanic mountains include Cotopaxi in Ecuador, Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount Merapi in Sumatra. Monadnock, on the other hand, is a type of mountain called a monadnock or inselberg, which means "island mountain." These are isolated hills or mountains that rise abruptly from surrounding flat or gently sloping terrain and are often made of hard, resistant rock that has not been worn away by erosion. Monadnock is a monadnock and was formed through the uplift of a large mass of rock and the subsequent erosion of the surrounding land.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The option "London - Moscow - Baghdad" is not a sea route. This is a land route as it does not involve any sea transportation. The other three options are sea routes as they involve transportation by sea between the cities mentioned.

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Maelezo ya Majibu

Contour ploughing is a way of controlling soil erosion. Soil erosion is the process of the removal of topsoil by agents such as wind or water. When the topsoil is removed, it leads to the loss of important nutrients and organic matter that are necessary for plant growth. Soil erosion also leads to the degradation of the soil structure, making it difficult for plants to grow. Contour ploughing involves ploughing furrows along the contours of a slope rather than up and down. This helps to slow down the runoff of water and reduce soil erosion. By ploughing along the contour, the furrows act as a barrier that traps water and allows it to soak into the soil. This helps to improve the water-holding capacity of the soil, which is essential for plant growth. In summary, contour ploughing is an effective way of controlling soil erosion because it helps to slow down the runoff of water and reduce soil loss.

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The option that is not responsible for the concentration of industries in eastern United States of America is "inadequate capital". The concentration of industries in eastern United States is due to the availability of two important factors: a large market and abundant natural resources. The eastern region of the US has a large population that provides a ready market for industrial products. Additionally, the region has numerous natural resources such as coal, iron ore, and waterways that are necessary for industrial production. High technology can also contribute to the concentration of industries in eastern United States as it attracts skilled labor and supports innovation. However, it is not the primary factor responsible for the concentration of industries in the region. On the other hand, inadequate capital would hinder industrial growth and development. Therefore, it cannot be responsible for the concentration of industries in eastern United States.

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A device for transferring information from an analogue map into a computer for further manipulation is called a Digitizer. A digitizer is a piece of hardware that is used to convert analogue information into a digital format that can be read and manipulated by a computer. In the case of maps, a digitizer is used to trace the features on a paper map and convert them into a digital format, such as a shapefile or a georeferenced image. This allows the information on the map to be easily manipulated, stored, and analyzed using computer software. An aerial photograph is a type of image that is taken from the air, often from an airplane or drone, and is used to capture information about the land and features on the ground. A global positioning system (GPS) is a network of satellites and receivers that is used to determine the location, speed, and direction of an object on the Earth's surface. A plotter is a type of printer that is used to produce large-format images, such as maps, technical drawings, and architectural plans.

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The importance of the atmosphere to living organisms is that it provides oxygen for animals and plants for respiration. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, and it plays a vital role in supporting life on the planet. One of the most important functions of the atmosphere is that it provides oxygen, which is necessary for the respiration of animals and plants. During the process of respiration, living organisms take in oxygen and use it to convert food into energy. This process is essential for the survival of all living things, and it cannot occur without oxygen. Additionally, plants use the process of photosynthesis to produce oxygen, which is then released into the atmosphere for animals to breathe. In addition to providing oxygen, the atmosphere also plays a role in regulating the Earth's temperature and protecting living organisms from harmful solar radiation. The atmosphere also provides a medium for weather patterns to form, which are important for the distribution of water and other resources that support life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most important function of the atmosphere to living organisms is providing oxygen for respiration.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

The tourist center that is wrongly paired in the given options is "Eiffel Tower - Germany." The correct country for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany. The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is one of the most recognizable structures in the world and is a symbol of Paris and France. It was constructed between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, and it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world. Therefore, the correct pairing for the Eiffel Tower is France, not Germany.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

A settlement located where two rivers meet is called a confluence town. A confluence is a point where two or more rivers meet and flow together as one. Settlements located at confluences are called confluence towns because they are situated at a unique and strategic location where two rivers meet. Confluence towns have historically been important for transportation, trade, and agriculture, as well as for strategic and military reasons. They are often located at the intersection of major river systems, making them important hubs for transportation and commerce. The availability of water from two rivers can also make confluence towns ideal locations for farming and irrigation. Therefore, a settlement located where two rivers meet is called a confluence town.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Enugu is not a precolonial town. Precolonial refers to the time period before the colonization of a particular area or region by European powers. In Nigeria, many towns and cities existed before the arrival of the Europeans, and these are referred to as precolonial towns. Ilorin, Bida, and Ibadan are all precolonial towns in Nigeria. They existed as independent kingdoms and city-states with their own unique cultures, traditions, and forms of governance long before the arrival of the Europeans. Enugu, on the other hand, was not a precolonial town. The town was founded in the early 20th century by the British colonial authorities as a coal mining settlement. While there were some settlements and villages in the area before the arrival of the British, Enugu did not exist as a town or city with a defined political and social structure until it was established by the colonial authorities.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

A line joining all points of equal salinity is an isohaline. In simpler terms, salinity refers to the amount of salt in water, and an isohaline is a line on a map that connects all the points in a body of water that have the same level of salinity. So, if you were to take a water sample at each point along an isohaline, you would find that they all have the same amount of salt in them. Isohalines are important in oceanography and marine biology because changes in salinity can affect the behavior and distribution of marine organisms, as well as ocean currents and other physical processes.

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The coastal regions of Sierra Leone record an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm. Sierra Leone is a country located in West Africa, and its climate is generally tropical, with high temperatures and high humidity. The amount of rainfall that a place receives is determined by a number of factors, including its location and topography. The coastal regions of Sierra Leone are characterized by a dense forest and a humid climate, which is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The prevailing winds from the ocean bring moisture and result in high levels of rainfall. This region receives an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm, which is one of the highest levels of rainfall in the world. The high rainfall is beneficial for agriculture, as it provides the necessary moisture for crops to grow. However, it can also result in flooding and landslides, which can be hazardous for the people living in the region. In summary, the coastal regions of Sierra Leone receive an annual rainfall of over 4,000 mm, which is a result of the region's location and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Geo-referencing in GIS is the process of assigning spatial locations (coordinates) to a dataset, such as an image, map, or survey data, so that it can be viewed, analyzed, and compared with other spatial datasets. The main objective of geo-referencing is to integrate datasets from different sources that have different coordinate systems, projections, and scales into a common reference framework. This enables users to overlay, compare, and analyze different spatial datasets accurately and effectively. Geo-referencing involves aligning the data to a known reference system, such as a map or satellite imagery, and assigning a spatial location to each data point. This process involves identifying control points, which are specific locations that appear in both the data and the reference system, and using them to determine the transformation that is needed to align the data with the reference system. Once the data has been geo-referenced, it can be used for data acquisition, data management, manipulation, and analysis in GIS. Geo-referenced datasets can be used for a wide range of applications, including natural resource management, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

If the scale of a map is 2cm to 1km, it means that for every 2 centimeters on the map, there is a real-world distance of 1 kilometer. To find the ground distance between two towns on the map, we need to convert the distance on the map into a real-world distance. If the distance between the two towns on the map is 20cm, we can start by calculating how many kilometers it represents in the real world. Since the scale is 2cm to 1km, we can divide the distance on the map by 2 to get the real-world distance: 20 cm / 2 = 10 km Therefore, the ground distance between the two towns is 10 kilometers. So the answer is: 10km.

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The best solution to the rapid depletion of forest resources in West Africa is to introduce forest conservation techniques. This approach involves implementing sustainable practices that protect the natural environment and enable communities to benefit from the forest resources without damaging them. It includes measures such as reducing deforestation, promoting reforestation, and enforcing laws against illegal logging and other harmful activities. Reserving hectares of land for plantations may not be a sustainable solution, as it can lead to monoculture and may not provide the same benefits as natural forests. Importing wood from other countries may exacerbate the problem, as it encourages overconsumption and does not address the underlying issues of deforestation. Employing more forest guards can help deter illegal activities, but it may not be enough without also implementing conservation techniques. Therefore, implementing forest conservation techniques is the best solution as it promotes the sustainable use of forest resources while protecting the natural environment and supporting local communities.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River. The Bandama River is a major river in Ivory Coast, located in West Africa. The Kossou Dam is one of the largest dams on this river, and it is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country. The dam was built in the 1960s and is located about 60 kilometers north of the city of Yamoussoukro. The Bandama River is approximately 800 kilometers long and is the longest river entirely within Ivory Coast. It is an important source of water for irrigation and other agricultural activities, and it is also an important transportation route for goods and people. The Kossou Dam was built to harness the power of the Bandama River and generate electricity for the country. The dam has a capacity of 174 megawatts and is able to supply power to much of the country. In addition to generating electricity, the dam also helps to control flooding in the area and provides water for irrigation and other purposes. In summary, the Kossou Dam is located on the Bandama River in Ivory Coast. The Bandama River is an important source of water for irrigation and transportation, and the dam is an important source of hydroelectric power for the country.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

Loess is a layer of very fine wind-deposited sand and silt. It is created when wind carries small particles of sediment, such as sand and silt, from one place to another and deposits them in a layer. Loess is usually found in areas with strong winds, such as the prairies of North America, the steppes of Asia, and the deserts of Africa. This type of soil is fertile and is often used for agriculture.

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The vegetation zone in Nigeria that is best known for timber exploitation is the rain forest. The rain forest is a vegetation zone characterized by a dense growth of tall trees and high rainfall, which is conducive to the growth of large trees suitable for timber production. This type of vegetation is found in the southern part of Nigeria, particularly in states such as Cross River, Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and Delta. In these areas, there are many timber companies that engage in the logging and processing of timber from the rain forest. The timber industry is an important sector of the Nigerian economy, as timber is used for a variety of purposes such as construction, furniture making, and paper production. However, it is important to note that unsustainable logging practices can lead to deforestation and habitat loss, which can have negative impacts on biodiversity and the ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to ensure that logging activities are carried out in a sustainable manner, with measures taken to preserve the forest and its biodiversity for future generations.

Maelezo ya Majibu

Maelezo ya Majibu

An example of a coastline of emergence is a raised beach. A coastline of emergence refers to a type of coastline that is formed when the land is rising relative to the sea level. This can be caused by tectonic activity or changes in the level of the land due to the melting of glaciers. When the land rises, the sea level falls, which exposes the previously submerged shoreline. This results in the formation of a raised beach, which is a distinctive feature of a coastline of emergence. A raised beach is a beach that is located above the current sea level, and it is typically characterized by a flat or gently sloping surface. Other features of a coastline of emergence may include sea cliffs, wave-cut platforms, and marine terraces. These features are formed by the erosion of the land by the sea when it was at a higher level, followed by the uplift of the land. An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway. The Norwegian coastline has experienced significant uplift due to tectonic activity, which has resulted in the formation of raised beaches, sea cliffs, and marine terraces. In summary, a coastline of emergence is a type of coastline that is formed when the land rises relative to the sea level. One of the distinctive features of this type of coastline is a raised beach, which is a beach that is located above the current sea level. An example of a coastline of emergence can be found along the coast of Norway.

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