Utmost Good Faith

Visão Geral

When you buy a shirt, the seller need not warn you that it shrinks; you can inspect it and decide for yourself. Insurance is different. The insurer cannot see inside your warehouse, read your medical history or watch how you drive, so it must trust what you tell it. That trust is not left to chance. The law raises every insurance contract to a higher standard of honesty called utmost good faith, and it places a positive duty on you to volunteer every fact that matters.

In this lesson you will learn what utmost good faith means and why insurance, above almost every other contract, demands it. You will learn how to tell a material fact from an unimportant one, which facts you must disclose and which you may keep to yourself, and exactly how a policy can collapse through non-disclosure, concealment or misrepresentation. Above all you will learn the distinction examiners test every year: innocent breach against fraudulent breach, and the very different remedy each one hands the insurer.

Objetivos

  1. Define utmost good faith and explain why insurance contracts demand it
  2. Explain the duty of disclosure and identify what counts as a material fact
  3. Distinguish facts that must be disclosed from those that need not be
  4. Describe the breaches of utmost good faith: non-disclosure, concealment, innocent and fraudulent misrepresentation
  5. State the effect of each breach on the validity of the policy

Nota de Aula

Emeka applies for a health policy and, embarrassed about it, says nothing of the heart condition he was treated for last year. The insurer, knowing none of this, happily issues the cover. Eight months later Emeka is hospitalised and submits a large claim. The insurer investigates, discovers the earlier illness, and refuses to pay a single naira. Emeka is furious: he never lied, he says, he was simply never asked. Whether the insurer is right turns entirely on one principle, the one that sits underneath every proposal form you will ever sign: the duty of utmost good faith. Master it and you can predict how a dispute like Emeka's will end before a court ever does.

Avaliação da Lição

Parabéns por concluir a lição em Utmost Good Faith. Agora que você explorou o conceitos e ideias-chave, é hora de colocar seu conhecimento à prova. Esta seção oferece uma variedade de práticas perguntas destinadas a reforçar sua compreensão e ajudá-lo a avaliar sua compreensão do material.

Irá encontrar uma mistura de tipos de perguntas, incluindo perguntas de escolha múltipla, perguntas de resposta curta e perguntas de redação. Cada pergunta é cuidadosamente elaborada para avaliar diferentes aspetos do seu conhecimento e competências de pensamento crítico.

Use esta secção de avaliação como uma oportunidade para reforçar a tua compreensão do tema e identificar quaisquer áreas onde possas precisar de estudo adicional. Não te deixes desencorajar pelos desafios que encontrares; em vez disso, vê-os como oportunidades de crescimento e melhoria.

  1. The principle of utmost good faith requires a proposer to: A. Disclose only the facts the insurer asks about B. Disclose voluntarily every material fact known to the proposer C. Disclose facts only after a claim is made D. Rely on the insurer to inspect the risk Answer: B
  2. A material fact is one which: A. The proposer personally considers interesting B. Would influence a prudent insurer in accepting or rating the risk C. Is written in every proposal form D. Only becomes relevant after a loss Answer: B
  3. Which of the following need NOT be disclosed to the insurer? A. A previous fire at the premises to be insured B. A previous policy cancelled by another insurer C. A newly fitted burglar alarm that reduces the risk D. A serious illness on a life proposal Answer: C
  4. A false statement of fact made honestly in the belief that it is true is: A. A fraudulent misrepresentation B. An innocent misrepresentation C. Concealment D. A warranty Answer: B
  5. Where a proposer is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation, the insurer may: A. Avoid the policy but must return the premium B. Only reduce the claim proportionately C. Avoid the policy, refuse the claim and retain the premium D. Do nothing, as the policy is fully valid Answer: C

Perguntas Anteriores

Pergunta-se como são as perguntas anteriores sobre este tópico? Aqui estão várias perguntas sobre Utmost Good Faith de anos passados.

Pergunta 1 Relatório

List and explain five principles of insurance.