CORE Biology (Short Course) - 9221 OxfordAQA

Breathing

Visão Geral

You have taken roughly twenty thousand breaths since this time yesterday and noticed almost none of them. Every one of them ran the same errand: bringing fresh air close enough to your blood for oxygen to cross into it, and carrying away the carbon dioxide your cells have finished with. Nothing pumps those gases across. They move by diffusion, which is slow and works only over very short distances, so the body has to build a surface that makes it fast.

This lesson takes that surface apart. You will name the eight structures the specification asks you to recognise on a diagram of the respiratory system, follow air down the branching tubes from the trachea to the alveoli, and work out why a gas exchange surface the size of a badminton court is folded up inside your ribcage. Along the way you will see why an organism the size of you cannot do what a single cell does and simply swap gases across its own outer surface.

Objetivos

  1. The respiratory (breathing) system takes air into and out of the body so that oxygen from the air can diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the bloodstream into the air. The lungs are in the upper part of the body (thorax), protected by the ribcage and separated from the lower part of the body (abdomen) by the diaphragm. Students should be able to recognise the following on a diagram of the respiratory system: ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
  2. The alveoli provide a very large surface area, richly supplied with blood capillaries, so that gases can readily diffuse into and out of the blood.

Mapa mental

Este tema esta mapeado para mostrar como as ideias se ligam.

Abra o mapa mental na aplicacao

Nota de Aula

Every cell in your body needs oxygen delivered to it and carbon dioxide taken away from it, and there are tens of millions of millions of them. A single-celled organism has no such problem. It has a relatively large surface area compared with its volume, so everything it needs crosses its surface membrane directly and no transport system is required at all. You are far too big for that. Your outer surface is tiny compared with the volume of body it would have to serve, and the cells buried deep inside you are an enormous distance from the air on any scale that diffusion can manage. The increased size and complexity of an organism increases the difficulty of exchanging materials, and the respiratory system is one of the answers evolution reached for: bring the outside air deep inside the body, and grow a vast exchange surface at the place where the air and the blood finally meet.

Apontamento completo disponivel na aplicacao Green Bridge

Instale a aplicacao Green Bridge CBT no telemovel ou computador para aceder a biblioteca IGCSE completa: exames anteriores, criterios de correcao, mapas mentais, cartoes de estudo e licoes em audio.

Notas de aula completas com diagramas
Assistente de aprendizagem com IA
Simulacros cronometrados corrigidos assim que termina
Disponível para Android, Windows, macOS e Linux Aplicacao iOS em breve

Avaliação da Lição

Parabéns por concluir a lição em Breathing. Agora que você explorou o conceitos e ideias-chave, é hora de colocar seu conhecimento à prova. Esta seção oferece uma variedade de práticas perguntas destinadas a reforçar sua compreensão e ajudá-lo a avaliar sua compreensão do material.

Irá encontrar uma mistura de tipos de perguntas, incluindo perguntas de escolha múltipla, perguntas de resposta curta e perguntas de redação. Cada pergunta é cuidadosamente elaborada para avaliar diferentes aspetos do seu conhecimento e competências de pensamento crítico.

Use esta secção de avaliação como uma oportunidade para reforçar a tua compreensão do tema e identificar quaisquer áreas onde possas precisar de estudo adicional. Não te deixes desencorajar pelos desafios que encontrares; em vez disso, vê-os como oportunidades de crescimento e melhoria.

  1. Which structure separates the thorax from the abdomen? A. The ribcage B. The diaphragm C. The trachea D. The bronchioles Answer: B
  2. In which order does air pass through these structures on its way into the lungs? A. Trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, alveolus B. Trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus C. Bronchus, trachea, alveolus, bronchiole D. Bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus Answer: B
  3. Approximately what percentage of exhaled air is carbon dioxide? A. 0.04% B. 4% C. 16% D. 21% Answer: B
  4. Which feature of the alveoli most increases the rate at which oxygen diffuses into the blood? A. Rings of cartilage that hold them open B. A large surface area with walls one cell thick and many capillaries C. A thick layer of muscle in their walls D. Cilia that sweep mucus away from them Answer: B
  5. A single-celled organism needs no gas exchange system. Why? A. It does not respire B. It has a relatively large surface area compared with its volume C. It makes its own oxygen D. Its surface membrane is thicker than an alveolus wall Answer: B

Resolva estas questoes na aplicacao

Resolva estas questoes na aplicacao

Pratique Questões Simuladas

Quer praticar questões simuladas sobre Breathing? Descarregue a aplicação Green Bridge CBT para aceder a questões simuladas e avaliações completas sobre este tópico.

Descarregar a aplicação na Google Play Store

Tudo o que precisas para te destacares no JAMB, WAEC e NECO.

Green Bridge CBT Mobile App
Assistente de Chat de Aprendizagem Personalizada com IA
Mais de 200.000 questões de exame do IGCSE, JAMB, WAEC e NECO
Mais de 1200 Notas de Aula
Suporte Offline - Aprenda a Qualquer Hora, em Qualquer Lugar
Horário da Ponte Verde
Resumos de Literatura & Possíveis Perguntas
Acompanhe o Seu Desempenho e Progresso
Explicações Detalhadas para uma Aprendizagem Abrangente