Transport
Visão Geral
A single-celled organism can rely on diffusion alone to move substances in and out, but a human body with trillions of cells cannot. Transport systems solve this problem: the circulatory system carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products around the body in blood, while in plants the vascular system moves water, minerals, and sugars through xylem and phloem.
In this lesson you will learn the composition of blood, the structure and function of the heart, how arteries, veins, and capillaries differ, how the immune system defends against pathogens, and how transpiration drives the movement of water through a plant. This is one of the largest topics in the specification and appears across both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Objetivos
- Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
- Describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant
- Describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant
- Understand how water is absorbed by root hair cells
- Understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant
- Understand how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity
- Investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
- Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
- Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
- Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin
- Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen
- Understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity
- Understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms
- Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
- Explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
- Understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease
- Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function
- Understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys
Nota de Aula
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Avaliação da Lição
Parabéns por concluir a lição em Transport. Agora que você explorou o conceitos e ideias-chave, é hora de colocar seu conhecimento à prova. Esta seção oferece uma variedade de práticas perguntas destinadas a reforçar sua compreensão e ajudá-lo a avaliar sua compreensão do material.
Irá encontrar uma mistura de tipos de perguntas, incluindo perguntas de escolha múltipla, perguntas de resposta curta e perguntas de redação. Cada pergunta é cuidadosamente elaborada para avaliar diferentes aspetos do seu conhecimento e competências de pensamento crítico.
Use esta secção de avaliação como uma oportunidade para reforçar a tua compreensão do tema e identificar quaisquer áreas onde possas precisar de estudo adicional. Não te deixes desencorajar pelos desafios que encontrares; em vez disso, vê-os como oportunidades de crescimento e melhoria.
- Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary artery B) Aorta C) Vena cava D) Pulmonary vein Answer: D
- What is the function of platelets? A) Carrying oxygen B) Producing antibodies C) Blood clotting at wound sites D) Transporting hormones Answer: C
- Which plant tissue transports dissolved sugars? A) Xylem B) Phloem C) Epidermis D) Palisade mesophyll Answer: B
- Which factor would DECREASE the rate of transpiration? A) Higher temperature B) Higher wind speed C) Higher humidity D) Higher light intensity Answer: C
- Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right? A) It receives more blood B) It needs to generate higher pressure for the systemic circulation C) It pumps blood to the lungs D) It contains more valves Answer: B
Disponível na aplicação Green Bridge
Transfira a aplicação Green Bridge CBT para o seu telemóvel ou computador para aceder a notas de aula completas, questões de prática e muito mais.
Disponível na aplicação Green Bridge
Transfira a aplicação Green Bridge CBT para o seu telemóvel ou computador para aceder a notas de aula completas, questões de prática e muito mais.
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