Formulation And Preparation Of Animal Feeds
Visão Geral
A poultry farmer in Ogbomoso can buy a bag of finished broiler feed, or she can buy maize and groundnut cake separately and mix her own. The second option is far cheaper, but only if she gets the mixture right. Too little protein and her birds grow slowly; too much and she has wasted money on an ingredient she did not need. Feed formulation is the skill that answers the question precisely: how much of each ingredient, in what proportion, to hit a target nutrient level.
In this lesson you will learn the factors every formulator weighs before choosing ingredients, then master the Pearson square method, the simple diagonal-subtraction technique WAEC expects you to use for a two-ingredient ration. You will work through several fully calculated examples, then move from the recipe to the mixing shed: the methods and equipment used to turn a formulated ration into feed an animal can actually eat.
Objetivos
- Define feed formulation
- State the factors considered when formulating a ration
- Compute a simple balanced ration using the Pearson square method
- Explain the methods of feed preparation
- State the equipment used in feed preparation
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- Which of the following is NOT normally considered when formulating a livestock ration? A. Nutrient requirement of the animal B. Cost of ingredients C. Colour of the farmer's shirt D. Availability of ingredients Answer: C
- Two ingredients containing 10% and 40% crude protein are mixed, using the Pearson square, to obtain a ration with 20% crude protein. How many parts of the 40% ingredient are required? A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40 Answer: A
- Which equipment is used to reduce feed ingredients to a uniform particle size before mixing? A. Weighing scale B. Pelleting machine C. Grinder or hammer mill D. Mixer Answer: C
- The main reason feed is pelleted rather than fed as a loose mash is to: A. Increase its moisture content B. Reduce selective feeding and feed wastage C. Reduce its crude protein content D. Remove the need to weigh ingredients Answer: B
- Maize (9% crude protein) and groundnut cake (45% crude protein) are blended using the Pearson square to give a 20% crude protein ration. What is the total number of parts in the mixture? A. 25 B. 11 C. 36 D. 45 Answer: C
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Questões de revisão
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Pergunta 1 Relatório
(a) Explain the term malnutrition in farm animals.
(b) Distinguish between maintenance ration and production ration.
Detalhes da Resposta
(a) Meaning of malnutrition in farm animals
Malnutrition is a disorder that results when farm animals are fed with feed that is deficient in one or more essential nutrients, or in which the nutrients are supplied in the wrong proportion (either in excess or in short supply). It leads to poor health, retarded growth, low productivity, deficiency diseases and, in severe cases, death.
(b) Distinction between maintenance ration and production ration
| Maintenance ration | Production ration |
|---|---|
| Amount of feed given to keep an animal alive and in good health. | Feed given in addition to the maintenance ration. |
| Supports only basic body functions such as respiration, circulation and body temperature. | Supports production such as growth, milk, eggs, meat, wool, work or reproduction. |
| Causes neither gain nor loss in body weight. | Enables the animal to gain weight and yield products. |
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