Excretion
Visão Geral
Every metabolic reaction in your body generates waste. Some of these waste products are toxic and must be removed before they accumulate to dangerous levels. Excretion is the process that gets rid of them, and the kidneys are the organs that do most of the heavy lifting, filtering your entire blood volume roughly 40 times every day.
In this lesson you will learn what excretory products the body makes and which organs remove them, how the nephron filters blood and produces urine, and how ADH regulates the water content of the blood. Kidney function is a favourite topic for structured questions on both Paper 1 and Paper 2.
Objetivos
- Understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf
- Know the excretory products of the lungs, kidneys and skin (organs of excretion)
- Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation
- Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
- Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman's capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct
- Describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate
- Understand how water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct
- Understand why selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule
- Describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood
- Understand that urine contains water, urea and ions
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Avaliação da Lição
Parabéns por concluir a lição em Excretion. Agora que você explorou o conceitos e ideias-chave, é hora de colocar seu conhecimento à prova. Esta seção oferece uma variedade de práticas perguntas destinadas a reforçar sua compreensão e ajudá-lo a avaliar sua compreensão do material.
Irá encontrar uma mistura de tipos de perguntas, incluindo perguntas de escolha múltipla, perguntas de resposta curta e perguntas de redação. Cada pergunta é cuidadosamente elaborada para avaliar diferentes aspetos do seu conhecimento e competências de pensamento crítico.
Use esta secção de avaliação como uma oportunidade para reforçar a tua compreensão do tema e identificar quaisquer áreas onde possas precisar de estudo adicional. Não te deixes desencorajar pelos desafios que encontrares; em vez disso, vê-os como oportunidades de crescimento e melhoria.
- Where is urea produced? A) Kidneys B) Liver C) Lungs D) Bladder Answer: B
- Which process forces small molecules out of the blood in the glomerulus? A) Osmosis B) Active transport C) Ultrafiltration D) Diffusion Answer: C
- Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule by: A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Ultrafiltration D) Active transport Answer: D
- When a person is dehydrated, what happens to ADH levels? A) They increase B) They decrease C) They stay the same D) ADH is not involved Answer: A
- Which substance should NOT be found in the urine of a healthy person? A) Urea B) Water C) Glucose D) Ions Answer: C
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Livros Recomendados
Para aprender mais, fontes abertas
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Secção do manual
The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
Explain how the kidneys serve as the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems
"Biology: The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/41-2-the-kidneys-and-osmoregulatory-organs. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Secção do manual
Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
Explain how hormonal cues help the kidneys synchronize the osmotic needs of the body
"Biology: Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/41-5-hormonal-control-of-osmoregulatory-functions. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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