Immunity And Public Health
Visão Geral
A vaccinated population can stop a disease from spreading even among the small number of people who were never vaccinated themselves. That single fact, herd immunity, rests entirely on how the immune system recognises a pathogen and remembers it, and it is one of the most consequential ideas in public health.
This lesson explains how antibodies recognise antigens, how vaccines create immunity without causing disease, the difference between active and passive, natural and artificial immunity, how antibiotics work and why resistant strains such as MRSA are a growing concern, and how sewage treatment protects public health by relying on the very microorganisms that can also cause disease.
Objetivos
- Understand the antibody-antigen reaction
- Explain how vaccines work to prevent the spread of disease
- Understand the differences between natural and artificial immunity and active and passive immunity
- Know the sources and role of antibiotics
- Explain how resistant pathogens such as MRSA arise and why they are a cause for concern
- Understand the role of non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi (decomposers) useful to humans in the decomposition of organic matter
- Know the processes of sewage treatment in modern sewage works and a pit latrine including the role of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in sewage breakdown
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- What is an antigen? A) A protein made by lymphocytes B) A molecule on a pathogen's surface recognised by the immune system C) A type of antibiotic D) A memory cell Answer: B
- Which cells allow a faster immune response the second time a person meets the same antigen? A) Red blood cells B) Platelets C) Memory cells D) Phagocytes Answer: C
- Antibodies passed from mother to baby across the placenta are an example of: A) Natural active immunity B) Artificial active immunity C) Natural passive immunity D) Artificial passive immunity Answer: C
- MRSA is an example of: A) A virus resistant to vaccines B) A bacterium resistant to antibiotics C) A fungus resistant to antifungal cream D) A parasite resistant to antimalarial drugs Answer: B
- In a modern sewage works, which type of microorganism breaks down sludge in a sealed digester? A) Aerobic microorganisms B) Anaerobic microorganisms C) Photosynthetic algae D) Viruses Answer: B
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