Reproduction
Visão Geral
From the pollen drifting off a grass flower to the development of a human baby, reproduction is the process that keeps every species alive. It comes in two fundamentally different forms, and the choice between them shapes everything from genetic diversity to the speed at which a population can grow.
In this lesson you will compare sexual and asexual reproduction, trace the journey from pollination to seed formation in plants, explore how the human reproductive systems work, and see how hormones control the menstrual cycle. You will also learn how the placenta and amniotic fluid protect the developing embryo.
Objetivos
- Understand the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction
- Understand that fertilisation involves the fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo
- Describe the structures of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination
- Understand that the growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation
- Investigate the conditions needed for seed germination
- Understand how germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis
- Understand that plants can reproduce asexually by natural methods and by artificial methods
- Understand how the structure of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for their functions
- Understand the roles of oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle
- Describe the role of the placenta in the nutrition of the developing embryo
- Understand how the developing embryo is protected by amniotic fluid
- Understand the roles of oestrogen and testosterone in the development of secondary sexual characteristics
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- Which of the following is a feature of asexual reproduction? A) Two parents are required B) Gametes fuse at fertilisation C) Offspring are genetically identical to the parent D) Meiosis produces the sex cells Answer: C
- In a wind-pollinated flower, the stigma is typically: A) Small and sticky, inside the flower B) Large and feathery, hanging outside the flower C) Brightly coloured to attract insects D) Covered in nectar Answer: B
- Which three conditions are needed for seed germination? A) Light, water and warmth B) Water, oxygen and warmth C) Light, oxygen and carbon dioxide D) Water, carbon dioxide and warmth Answer: B
- What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy? A) To produce amniotic fluid B) To allow exchange of substances between maternal and embryonic blood C) To store the embryo's food reserves D) To produce sperm and egg cells Answer: B
- Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the uterus lining after ovulation? A) Testosterone B) Oestrogen C) Progesterone D) Adrenaline Answer: C
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Livros Recomendados
Para aprender mais, fontes abertas
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Secção do manual
Pollination and Fertilization
Describe what must occur for plant fertilization
"Biology: Pollination and Fertilization" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/32-2-pollination-and-fertilization. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Secção do manual
Reproduction Methods
Describe advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction
"Biology: Reproduction Methods" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/43-1-reproduction-methods. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
Publicados por outras organizações com licenças abertas e creditados como pedem. As ligações abrem os seus sites.
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