Animal Husbandry WAEC

Introduction To Animal Nutrition

Visão Geral

Two goats graze the same patch of ground outside Kaduna. One carries a glossy coat and a fat kid at foot; the other is dull, thin and slow to breed. Same species, same paddock, same water trough. The difference almost always comes down to one thing: nutrition. Not how much the animal ate, but whether what it ate actually supplied everything a living body needs to build muscle, grow bone, fight infection and produce milk or eggs.

This lesson opens the Animal Nutrition section of the syllabus and lays its foundation. You will meet the six classes of nutrients every farm animal requires, learn precisely what each one does in the body, understand what makes a ration balanced rather than merely filling, and see what goes wrong, organ by organ, when a nutrient is missing. Every later topic on feeds, rationing, storage and record keeping assumes you already have this map firmly in your head.

Objetivos

  1. Define animal nutrition
  2. State the classes of nutrients required by farm animals
  3. Explain the functions of nutrients in the body of a farm animal
  4. State the importance of a balanced ration
  5. Explain the effect of nutrient deficiency on farm animals

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Nota de Aula

A poultry keeper in Ogbomoso fed her layers only leftover maize bran. Within weeks her hens laid thin-shelled eggs and several developed bowed legs. The birds were not starving; they lacked the calcium their shell glands needed daily. A candidate who knows the six nutrient classes would spot that fault at once, and so will you.

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  1. The chief and cheapest source of energy in a farm animal's diet is: A. Vitamins B. Carbohydrates C. Minerals D. Water Answer: B
  2. Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients? A. Proteins B. Roughage C. Minerals D. Vitamins Answer: B
  3. A prolonged shortage of calcium and phosphorus in a growing animal's diet chiefly results in: A. Weak or bowed bones B. Loss of appetite C. Improved growth D. Excess body fat Answer: A
  4. A balanced ration is best described as one that supplies: A. The largest possible quantity of feed B. Only carbohydrates and proteins in equal amounts C. All six classes of nutrients in the right proportions for a stated purpose D. Whatever feed is cheapest and most available Answer: C
  5. A prolonged deficiency of vitamin A in poultry is most likely to cause: A. Improved eggshell strength B. Poor vision and reduced hatchability C. Faster feathering D. Increased water intake Answer: B

Livros Recomendados

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Legenda: Sixth edition
Editora: Pearson
Ano: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Descrição: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Editora: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Ano: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Descrição: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Editora: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Ano: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Descrição: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.

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Questões de revisão

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WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2021

Pergunta 1 Relatório

(a) Mention five ways of preventing malnutrition in farm animals.

(b) Discuss rickets in farm animals stating two points each under the following headings.

(i) causes:
(ii) symptoms:
(iii) control measures
(iv) animals which could be affected

(c) Explain the term additive as used in animal nutrition

(d) State five reasons why additives are included in animal feed 

Detalhes da Resposta

(a) Five ways of preventing malnutrition in farm animals

  • Providing a balanced/adequate ration that supplies all needed nutrients.
  • Supplementing feed with vitamins and minerals (e.g. mineral licks).
  • Providing clean, adequate drinking water at all times.
  • Avoiding overcrowding so that every animal has access to feed.
  • Deworming animals regularly to reduce nutrient loss to parasites, and feeding according to age and physiological status.

(b) Rickets in farm animals

(i) Causes:

  • Deficiency of vitamin D in the diet.
  • Deficiency or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the ration.

(ii) Symptoms:

  • Bent, bowed or deformed leg bones.
  • Swollen joints, weak bones and stunted growth/lameness.

(iii) Control measures:

  • Supply vitamin D and expose animals to sunlight.
  • Provide adequate calcium and phosphorus in a balanced ration.

(iv) Animals which could be affected:

  • Young growing poultry (chicks).
  • Young pigs, calves, lambs and kids.

(c) Meaning of additive

An additive is a non-nutrient substance added to animal feed in very small quantities in order to improve the quality, palatability or keeping quality of the feed, promote growth or prevent disease.

(d) Five reasons why additives are included in animal feed

  • To promote faster growth and improve feed efficiency.
  • To prevent and control diseases (medication/coccidiostats).
  • To improve the palatability of the feed.
  • To supply extra vitamins and minerals.
  • To preserve the feed and prevent spoilage/rancidity, and to improve product quality (e.g. yolk colour).
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