Managing Human Population Size
Visão Geral
What should a government do if its population is growing faster than its land, water and jobs can cope with? Or if, instead, it is shrinking so fast that there will soon be too few workers to support the old? Around the world, countries have tried to steer their own population size, sometimes gently through education and free contraception, sometimes forcefully through laws that limit family size. The results have been dramatic, and not always as intended.
In this lesson you will study the main strategies for managing population size: access to contraception, anti-natalist and pro-natalist policies, education, health care and migration control. You will examine real, named examples, including China's one-child policy, France's pro-natalist incentives and the role of female education in Kerala, and weigh the benefits and limitations of each. Population management is where biology, economics, ethics and the environment meet.
Objetivos
- 7.3.1 Describe strategies for managing human population size, limited to: (a) access to contraception (b) population policies: pro-natalist and anti-natalist (c) access to education (d) access to healthcare (e) control of migration.
- 7.3.2 Discuss the benefits and limitations of strategies for managing human population size in 7.3.1.
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- An anti-natalist policy is one that aims to: A. Increase the birth rate B. Decrease the birth rate C. Increase the death rate D. Encourage immigration Answer: B
- Which country is best known for a pro-natalist policy that raised its birth rate to one of the highest in Europe? A. China B. Japan C. France D. India Answer: C
- China's one-child policy was introduced in 1979 mainly because the government was worried about: A. A falling population B. Too few workers C. A population growing too fast for its resources D. Too many elderly people Answer: C
- Which strategy is widely seen as the most effective long-term way to lower a birth rate? A. Banning migration B. Educating girls and women C. Building more cities D. Lowering the retirement age Answer: B
- Better health care can lower a birth rate because it: A. Makes contraception illegal B. Increases infant mortality C. Reduces infant mortality, so couples choose to have fewer children D. Forces couples to have one child Answer: C
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