Sexual Reproduction In Humans
Visão Geral
Every human began as two cells meeting: a tiny, swimming sperm and a large, food-packed egg. The reproductive systems that make, deliver and receive these gametes are beautifully matched to the job, and so are the gametes themselves, right down to the enzymes in a sperm's tip and the energy stores in an egg.
In this lesson you will name the parts of the male and female reproductive systems and what each does, define fertilisation, explain the adaptations of sperm and egg cells, compare the two gametes, and follow the zygote as it becomes an embryo and develops with the help of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac.
Objetivos
- Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the male reproductive system: testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis
- Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the female reproductive system: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina
- Describe fertilisation as the fusion of the nuclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg cell)
- Explain the adaptive features of sperm, limited to: flagellum, mitochondria and enzymes in the acrosome
- Explain the adaptive features of egg cells, limited to: energy stores and the jelly coat that changes at fertilisation
- Compare male and female gametes in terms of: size, structure, motility and numbers
- State that in early development, the zygote forms an embryo which is a ball of cells that implants into the lining of the uterus
- Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following in the development of the fetus: umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic sac and amniotic fluid
- [Supplement] Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus
- [Supplement] State that some pathogens and toxins can pass across the placenta and affect the fetus
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- Where does fertilisation normally take place in a woman? A. uterus B. ovary C. oviduct D. vagina Answer: C
- What is the function of the scrotum? A. to produce sperm B. to add fluid to sperm C. to hold the testes outside the body to keep them cooler D. to carry urine Answer: C
- Which feature of a sperm provides the energy for swimming? A. acrosome B. flagellum C. many mitochondria D. jelly coat Answer: C
- Which of these correctly compares the gametes? A. eggs are smaller than sperm B. sperm are produced in larger numbers than eggs C. eggs are motile and sperm are not D. sperm have large energy stores Answer: B
- In the placenta, the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus: A. mix completely B. never mix; substances are exchanged by diffusion C. are the same blood group D. exchange whole cells Answer: B
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