Transport
Visão Geral
Every cell in your body needs a constant supply of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients, yet most of those cells are far too deep inside your tissues to receive anything by simple diffusion. Transport systems solve this problem: in plants, xylem and phloem carry water, minerals and sugars between roots and leaves; in humans, the heart drives blood through a double circulatory system that delivers materials to every tissue and removes waste.
This topic covers why multicellular organisms need dedicated transport networks, how plant vascular tissues work, what blood is made of and how each component does its job, the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels, and the risk factors that can compromise your circulation.
Objetivos
- Understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
- Describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant
- Describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant
- Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
- Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy
- Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen
- Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells
- Describe the structure of the heart and how it functions
- Explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline
- Understand how specific factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease
- Understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relates to their function
- Understand the general structure of the circulation system
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- Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen? A) Plasma B) White blood cells C) Red blood cells D) Platelets Answer: C
- Phloem in plants transports: A) Water and mineral ions B) Sucrose and amino acids C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide D) Water and sucrose Answer: B
- Which chamber of the heart has the thickest muscular wall? A) Right atrium B) Left atrium C) Right ventricle D) Left ventricle Answer: D
- What is the function of valves in veins? A) To speed up blood flow B) To prevent the backflow of blood C) To filter waste from the blood D) To increase blood pressure Answer: B
- Why can unicellular organisms rely on diffusion alone for transport? A) They have transport proteins B) They have a large surface area to volume ratio C) They have a circulatory system D) They are always in water Answer: B
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"Biology: Components of the Blood" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/40-2-components-of-the-blood. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants
Define water potential and explain how it is influenced by solutes, pressure, gravity, and the matric potential
"Biology: Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/30-5-transport-of-water-and-solutes-in-plants. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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