Heredity And Genetics
Visão Geral
Two parents with brown eyes can have a blue-eyed child; two parents of blood group A can have a child of blood group O; a condition can appear in a grandson but skip his mother entirely. None of this is random chance. It follows directly from how alleles are inherited, and a genetic diagram lets you predict it with confidence.
This lesson covers the vocabulary of inheritance, how to use genetic diagrams to predict the outcomes of a cross including sex determination and multiple-allele traits such as blood group, how to read a family pedigree, and the inheritance of named genetic conditions including one, cystic fibrosis, that can now be treated with gene therapy.
Objetivos
- Know that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics
- Know the meaning of the terms dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, co-dominance, diploid and haploid
- Know that the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male
- Explain how the sex of offspring is determined at fertilisation using a genetic diagram
- Understand that random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring
- Understand the role of multiple alleles in the inheritance of ABO blood groups
- Understand patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram and the probabilities of outcomes
- Understand how to interpret family pedigrees
- Describe the causes and effects of inherited conditions such as haemophilia and red-green colour blindness (sex-linked inheritance), polydactyly (dominant allele) and cystic fibrosis (recessive allele)
- Describe how gene therapy with viruses can be used to treat cystic fibrosis
- Understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental or a combination of both
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- An individual with genotype Bb for a gene is described as: A) Homozygous dominant B) Homozygous recessive C) Heterozygous D) Co-dominant Answer: C
- Which genotype gives blood group AB? A) I^A I^A B) I^A i C) I^A I^B D) ii Answer: C
- Polydactyly is caused by which type of allele? A) Recessive B) Dominant C) Co-dominant D) Sex-linked recessive Answer: B
- Why are sex-linked recessive conditions more common in males? A) Males have two X chromosomes B) Males have only one X chromosome, so a recessive allele is not masked C) The Y chromosome carries the recessive allele D) Males cannot be carriers Answer: B
- Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis typically delivers a working gene using: A) A bacterium B) A harmless virus C) A plasmid injected into the blood D) Radiation Answer: B
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Secção do manual
Characteristics and Traits
Explain the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in dominant and recessive gene systems
"Biology: Characteristics and Traits" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/12-2-characteristics-and-traits. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Secção do manual
Patterns of Inheritance
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype
"Anatomy and Physiology: Patterns of Inheritance" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/28-7-patterns-of-inheritance. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
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