Heart Disease And Treatment
Visão Geral
Coronary heart disease and high blood pressure are two of the most common circulatory disorders, and modern medicine treats them with a wide toolkit: physical interventions that restore blood flow directly, drugs that intervene at specific points in the body's chemistry, and, further afield, an entirely different kind of tool built from a single type of antibody produced in the laboratory. This topic covers all of it, from risk factors through to the mechanism of each named treatment.
You need to know how statins and plant stanol esters lower cholesterol by completely different routes, what beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors actually block, how systolic and diastolic blood pressure are defined, and how a monoclonal antibody is produced and used to detect or treat disease.
Objetivos
- Describe the causes, prevention and treatment of heart disease including the effect of diet and exercise, and the use of stents, artificial hearts and transplants
- Understand the problems associated with heart transplants
- Describe the use of statins and plant stanol esters in the treatment and prevention of circulatory disorders
- Understand the role of beta-blockers in the treatment of circulatory disorders, e.g. heart failure and angina
- Explain the terms systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- Describe the causes, prevention and treatment of hypertension
- Understand the role of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of high blood pressure
- Describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced
- Understand how monoclonal antibodies work to detect and treat diseases such as cancer
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Parabéns por concluir a lição em Heart Disease And Treatment. Agora que você explorou o conceitos e ideias-chave, é hora de colocar seu conhecimento à prova. Esta seção oferece uma variedade de práticas perguntas destinadas a reforçar sua compreensão e ajudá-lo a avaliar sua compreensão do material.
Irá encontrar uma mistura de tipos de perguntas, incluindo perguntas de escolha múltipla, perguntas de resposta curta e perguntas de redação. Cada pergunta é cuidadosamente elaborada para avaliar diferentes aspetos do seu conhecimento e competências de pensamento crítico.
Use esta secção de avaliação como uma oportunidade para reforçar a tua compreensão do tema e identificar quaisquer áreas onde possas precisar de estudo adicional. Não te deixes desencorajar pelos desafios que encontrares; em vez disso, vê-os como oportunidades de crescimento e melhoria.
- Statins lower blood cholesterol by: A) Blocking cholesterol absorption in the gut B) Inhibiting a liver enzyme needed to make cholesterol C) Increasing heart rate D) Narrowing the coronary arteries Answer: B
- Which value is recorded when the ventricles contract? A) Diastolic pressure B) Systolic pressure C) Cardiac output D) Stroke volume Answer: B
- Beta-blockers reduce the strain on the heart mainly by: A) Blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme B) Widening the coronary arteries C) Blocking the heart's receptors for adrenaline D) Increasing blood cholesterol Answer: C
- In monoclonal antibody production, a hybridoma cell is formed by fusing a lymphocyte with a: A) Red blood cell B) Myeloma cell C) Phagocyte D) Platelet Answer: B
- A major advantage of using a monoclonal antibody to deliver a cancer drug is that it: A) Works on every cell in the body equally B) Targets the drug specifically to cells carrying the matching antigen C) Removes the need for any drug at all D) Cures the cancer immediately Answer: B
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Discuss the mechanisms involved in the neural regulation of vascular homeostasis
"Anatomy and Physiology: Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/20-4-homeostatic-regulation-of-the-vascular-system. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
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