JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2024

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

money

Detalhes da Resposta

In the word "money," the vowel sound produced by the underlined letters is similar to the short "u" sound we hear in words like "fun" or "sun." When matching this sound to the options provided, we need to listen for a sound that mimics this short "u" sound.

Let's analyze the options:

• Monday: Contains a vowel sound similar to the short "u," exactly like in "money."
• Go: Has an "o" sound, pronounced as a long vowel, which doesn't match the sound in "money."
• Mouth: Contains a diphthong, a combination of two sounds ("ow"), which is different from the sound in "money."
• Rock: Contains a short "o" sound, which doesn't match the short "u" sound.

Therefore, the appropriate choice is Monday, as it shares the same vowel sound as "money."

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that fills the gap labelled 6

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence discusses how monolingual standard languages are seen as the norm and anything differing from this is considered aberrant. "Deviations" fits as it means variations or departures from the standard.

In each of the following questions, the word in capital letter has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given words relate. 

His reign was noted for PEACE. 

Detalhes da Resposta

When a word in a sentence is given emphatic stress, it signifies that the word is crucial to the meaning or emphasis of the sentence. In this case, the word in capital letters is "PEACE," implying that the emphasis is on what his reign was noted for. To determine the appropriate question form that relates to the emphasis, we look at options that focus on contrasting what his reign could be noted for.

The original statement is "His reign was noted for PEACE." Emphatic stress looks for an alternative or contrasting term to the emphasized word. Here, the emphasized word is "PEACE," so we need to check for an option that contrasts with "peace."

The option "Was his reign noted for wealth?" fits this requirement. By asking about a different characteristic, such as "wealth," it directly contrasts with the original statement's emphasis on "PEACE." Therefore, this question would have the emphatic stress on "peace" to highlight the contrast.

Hence, when the response is "His reign was noted for PEACE," the contrasting question would be "Was his reign noted for wealth?"

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that fills the gap labelled 7

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence in question discusses how we perceive deviations from the monolingual standard language. The missing word should refer to something that represents an individual's collection of language abilities or linguistic elements.

"Repertoire" is the most suitable choice for the gap labeled 7 because it typically refers to the range or stock of skills, techniques, or pieces known by a person in a particular field. In the context of language, it refers to the entire collection of language skills and elements an individual possesses.

The other options, "word," "idea," and "statement," all refer to smaller, singular items, not the broad collection or variety that "repertoire" encompasses. In the given sentence, the emphasis is on deviations at a more comprehensive level, which characterizes an individual's entire linguistic capability rather than just a single word, idea, or statement.

Thus, using "repertoire" aligns with the context of discussing linguistic variability and diversity, making it the most accurate and appropriate choice for an individual's collection of language elements.

The passage below has gap(s), following each gap is four options. For each gap, choose the most appropriate option. 

Teaching is a noble profession. Only those who have the calling to __6__ [A. impact B. impart C. infer D. confer] knowledge is called great teachers. 

The teachers' duty goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. They teach students various topics and __7__ [A. formula B. courses C. classes D. subjects]. The teacher listens to their students express their worries and fears, yet the teacher has to pacify and __8__ [A. care B. guide C. beat D. guard] them through the right paths. 

As a __9__ [A. stakeholder B. shareholder C. officeholder D. cardholder] in the field of education, the teacher ensures that teaching-learning __10__ [A. habit B. function C. process D. policy] takes place in and out of the classroom. The teacher lights the candle for the others to see. He/ she is fast enough to move at the speed of the __11__ [A. guiness B. genius C. heinous D. spacious] and patient enough for the slow-learner to catch up. 

In his care are the __12__ [A. book B. diary C. register D. attendance], the mark book and every other document which must be duly filled. While at home, the teacher still plans his lesson and prepares his teaching __13__ [A. books B. steps C. maps D. aids], all for the purpose of effective teaching-learning process. 

Teachers should not be brushed aside in the society as teaching is the profession that __14__ [A. birthed B. delivered C. approached D. positioned] other professions. Teachers should be given a great __15__ [A. attention B. honour C. privilege D. care] in the society. 

Fill the gap labelled 10

Detalhes da Resposta

The gap labeled 10 should be filled with the word "process". In the context of teaching and education, the term "teaching-learning process" refers to the comprehensive series of actions and activities involved in imparting and acquiring knowledge. This holistic approach includes different methods, strategies, and interactions between teachers and students to facilitate learning. Other options do not fit this context as accurately. For example, "habit" refers to regular practices or routine behaviors, "function" refers to a specific role or work performed, and "policy" refers to a set of rules or principles. Therefore, "process" is the most suitable word because it captures the ongoing and dynamic nature of teaching and learning activities in an educational setting.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence. 

It is highly improbable that it will snow in June. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence "It is highly improbable that it will snow in June" communicates the idea that there is a very small chance of snow occurring in June. The emphasis is on the **small probability** or **unlikely nature** of the event.

The option that best explains this information is: It is highly unlikely that it will snow in June. This option directly reflects the notion of a low probability or rare occurrence of snow in June, similar to what the original sentence states.

Let's examine the other options for clarity:

• It is possible that it will snow in June: This suggests a potential or some possibility of snow, which contradicts the original sentence's emphasis on low likelihood.
• It will never snow in June: The word "never" implies an impossibility, which is too strong compared to "highly improbable" suggesting a small chance.
• The snowfall will probably be high in June: This indicates an expectation of significant snowfall, which is the opposite of what is conveyed in the sentence.

In each of the following questions, choose the option that has the same vowel sounds as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Market

Detalhes da Resposta

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

river

Detalhes da Resposta

hoose the option that best completes the sentence. 

The ______ of armed robbery has been on the increase. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To complete the sentence accurately, we need to choose the word that correctly aligns with the context of an increase in occurrences over time. Here are the meanings of the options provided:

• Incident: This refers to a single event or occurrence. Although it relates to an event, it does not emphasize frequency or rate. Therefore, it doesn't fit the sentence that implies an increasing trend.
• Accident: This refers to an unexpected event, often causing harm or injury. It is not specific to trends or rates, so it doesn't fit well with the sentence’s meaning that indicates continuous increase.
• Incidence: This refers to the frequency or rate of occurrence of something, especially when describing how common particular events or cases are over a certain period. Since the sentence is about the **increase** in occurrences of armed robbery, this option fits perfectly as it relates to the number of times an event happens.
• Accidence: This refers to the part of grammar that deals with inflections. It is not related in any way to describing an increase in events.

Therefore, "The incidence of armed robbery has been on the increase." is the most suitable completion for the sentence because it specifically denotes the rate or **occurrence of a phenomenon, highlighting that it is rising.**

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

You know that you ____ it before tomorrow. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To complete the sentence "You know that you ____ it before tomorrow," we need to choose a verb phrase that correctly conveys an obligation or probability in this context. Let's analyze the options:

1. Might do: This implies a possibility of doing something but with uncertainty. Therefore, it doesn't fit well after "you know" because knowing implies certainty.

2. Ought to do: This implies a recommendation or obligation. "You know that you ought to do it before tomorrow" suggests a sense of necessity or duty that aligns well with "you know."

3. Like to do: This implies a preference, habit, or enjoyment, which doesn't necessarily align with the sense of certainty or requirement implied by "you know."

4. May do: This suggests permission or possibility, which again does not fit well after "you know" due to the lack of certainty or obligation.

Therefore, the best option to complete the sentence, considering the context of certainty or a strong recommendation, is "ought to do." This reflects that there is a known obligation to complete the task before tomorrow.

On that fateful day, they had pursued everyone in the neighbouring villages. Later, they came to ours and pursued us to the mountains. Everyone ran for dear life. We knew what we were up against. They blocked the mountains for two months. We were stuck there, praying and fasting, asking our God to show us a way out. God heard our prayers. One day, we left around 12 midnight from the mountains. Without shoes and clothes, we just left. As we left the mountains that day and descended, we almost came in contact with the insurgents. We hid in the bush till they left around 2 o'clock. We started to walk to Cameroon. We travelled for two days across several labyrinths. We were in anguish. Our children's feet were swollen. Some of them bitten by snakes died because we were not able to carry them to hospital for treatment. 

From the passage, it is clear that 

Detalhes da Resposta

From the passage, it is clear that some children were not able to make it to Cameroon. The narrative describes how the journey towards safety was perilous and how the group faced several challenges, including snakebites. The passage explicitly mentions that some of the children bitten by snakes died because they could not be taken to a hospital for treatment. Therefore, it indicates that not everyone, specifically some children, were able to reach their destination in Cameroon alive.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

All men in public life should be altruistic. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The term "altruistic" means being selflessly concerned for the well-being of others. Essentially, an altruistic person prioritizes the needs and interests of others over their own.

To find the word that is opposite in meaning to "altruistic," we need to identify a word that implies a lack of concern for others and a focus on oneself.

• "Selfish" describes someone who is primarily concerned with their own interests, benefits, and well-being, often at the expense of others. This is the opposite of altruistic behavior.
• "Antagonistic" refers to being opposed or hostile to someone or something, which is not directly opposite to altruistic.
• "Selfless" means having little or no concern for oneself, similar to altruistic, hence it is not an opposite.
• "Unkind" refers to a lack of compassion or friendliness. While it is negative, it does not specifically focus on self-interest like "selfish" does.

So, the option that is opposite in meaning to "altruistic" is "selfish".

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Jemila's austere reaction kept everyone on their toes. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "austere" refers to being strict, severe, or stern in manner, attitude, or appearance.

Now, let's look at the options given:

• Harsh: Similar to "austere" as it also suggests a strict or severe quality.
• Ambitious: Refers to having a strong desire for success but does not relate to being strict.
• Disgusting: Means something that arouses disgust or revulsion, focusing on a negative emotional reaction rather than strictness.
• Benign: Means kind, gentle, or harmless. This is opposite in meaning to "austere" because benign suggests a kind and gentle approach rather than a severe or strict one.

Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to the word "austere" is benign.

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentences.

Adeola lives a stone's throw away from the church.

Detalhes da Resposta

The phrase "a stone's throw away" is an idiomatic expression used to describe a short distance. The metaphor suggests that if you were to throw a stone, it would reach the location being referred to, implying that the place is quite close.

Given this interpretation, the sentence "Adeola lives a stone's throw away from the church" means that Adeola lives very close to the church. It conveys the idea that the distance between Adeola's residence and the church is minimal or easily walkable.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence. 

I had to put up my house as _____ for the bank loan. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To complete the sentence, we need to choose the word that best fits the context of securing a bank loan using the house. Let’s examine the options:

• Pledge: This term indicates a promise or commitment but is not specific to banking terminology related to loans and assets.




• Agreement: This refers to a mutual understanding or arrangement between parties, and while it could involve loans, it does not specifically describe using an asset to secure a loan.




• Collateral: This is a specific banking and financial term that refers to an asset pledged by a borrower to a lender (usually in the form of property, like a house), to secure the repayment of a loan. It ensures the lender that the loan will be repaid or they can seize the asset if it isn’t. Therefore, this is the most appropriate word to complete the sentence.




• Surety: This refers to a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, such as the payment of a loan, which is not the same as placing one's own asset at stake for a loan.

Therefore, the best option is collateral because it directly relates to using an asset to secure a loan. The completed sentence should be:

I had to put up my house as collateral for the bank loan.

Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The stressed syllables are written in capital letters. 

declamation

Detalhes da Resposta

In English, the word "declamation" is divided into syllables as "de-cla-ma-tion". To determine the correct stress pattern for this word, we need to identify which syllable is pronounced more forcefully or with greater emphasis. Stress patterns often follow certain predictable patterns in English words, particularly those derived from Latin or other languages.

For the word "declamation," the stress typically falls on the third syllable: "ma." This is because many English words that end in "-ation" have their primary stress on the syllable right before "-tion." Therefore, the correct stress pattern is "declaMAtion," with the emphasis on "ma."

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Sally assisted me in buying my _____ yesterday. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The phrase that best completes the sentence is "very first party dress". Here’s why:

When constructing a sentence, it is essential to follow the correct order of adjectives. English has a typical order for adjectives when more than one is used for a noun. The order goes as follows: opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose.

In this case, the adjective "first" refers to the order or sequence (a kind of number), while "very" is an adverb modifying "first," and "party" indicates the purpose of the dress. Therefore, "very first" precedes "party dress" to correctly describe the item being purchased.

Thus, the correct phrase is "very first party dress", describing the specific dress which Sally helped you buy.

The word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the options to which the given sentence relates. 

The architect did the DESIGN. 

Detalhes da Resposta

Emphatic stress is the placement of greater stress on a particular word in a sentence or utterance for emphasis, correction or clarification. To test for emphatic stress, the contrasting question should affirm or negate the specific word in capital letters ("DESIGN"). Option D contrasts "design" with "draft," making it the appropriate response to confirm emphasis.

In each of the following questions, choose the most appropriate stress pattern from the options. The stressed syllable is written in capital letters. 

radioactive

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "radioactive" is divided into four syllables: "ra-di-o-ac-tive." To determine the stress pattern, it's important to note how the word is often pronounced naturally in English.

In English, many words have a certain syllable that is pronounced more prominently than others, and this is called the stressed syllable. In "radioactive," the stress falls on the third syllable "ac," making it "radioACtive." This means when you pronounce the word, you will tend to say the "AC" part with more emphasis compared to the other syllables.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The children's room was messy when we entered. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To find the word opposite in meaning to "messy," we first need to understand what "messy" means. The word "messy" suggests disorder, lack of neatness, or organization. A messy room is one that is cluttered and possibly untidy.

Now, let's analyze the given options:

• Muddled: This word also implies confusion or disorder, similar to "messy."
• Tidy: This word means neat, orderly, and clean. It is the opposite of "messy." A tidy room is well-organized and free of clutter.
• Dirty: Although dirty implies uncleanliness, it doesn't necessarily mean disorganized. A room can be dirty yet still have some degree of order.
• Unkept: This word suggests negligence and lack of care, which can overlap with messy but does not clearly mean the opposite.

Based on this analysis, the opposite of "messy" is tidy because it represents neatness and organization, which directly contrast to disorder and clutter.

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that best fills the gap labelled 13

Detalhes da Resposta

To select the best option for the gap labeled 13, it is important to understand the context of the passage. The sentence discusses how language maps influence the way we associate language with territory. They establish a certain connection or relationship between the two.

The word "link" is appropriate here because it denotes a connection or relationship, which aligns well with the idea of associating language with specific territories. A "link" in this context serves to connect the concept of language to geographical areas, which is central to understanding language distribution and usage.

On the other hand:

• Plan suggests a strategy or method, which does not fit the context of establishing a relationship.
• Wedge implies something that divides or separates, rather than connects, which is opposite of the intended meaning.
• Bridge could have been correct as it also suggests connecting, but it often involves overcoming a gap or barrier, which is not the nuance required here.

Thus, the most suitable option is "link" as it effectively conveys the act of connecting language with territory. This connection is fundamental to the way we conceptualize language distribution.

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentences.

Moses won the contest hands down. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The phrase "won the contest hands down" is an idiomatic expression. In this context, it means that Moses won the contest very easily and with little effort. The term "hands down" originates from horse racing, where a jockey could win so comfortably that they did not need to keep a tight grip on the reins, hence, hands down. Therefore, it implies a victory that is decisive and without any struggle.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

If one is looking for a particular book, he can either use the __6__ [A. reverse catalogue B. borrower's catalogue C. dictionary catalogue D. title catalogue] or the __7__ [A. author catalogue B. book catalogue C. title catalogue D. yearly catalogue] to locate the position of the book on the __8__ [A. table B. shelf C. cupboard D. desk] This can be done through the __9__ [A. borrower-mark B. reserve-mark C. call-mark D. year-mark] identification number. On the other hand, if the student has no particular book in mind, but wants to borrow any on a particular subject, say Mathematics, he can go to the __10__ [A. subject catalogue B. publisher catalogue C. reference catalogue D. cover catalogue]. There he will find the __11__ [A. book-card B. call-card C. author-card D. seller-card] of every book that deals with Mathematics as a subject. Apart from this, since all the shelves have instructions and numbers regarding the books on them, the person can read the __12__ [A. card's guide B. author's guide C. shelf-guides D. book-guides] and the book __13__ [A. acknowledgements B. commentaries C. titles D. spines] to get the book he wants. He can take the book to the __14__ [A. table B. reserve section C. sitting corner D. lending desk] where the library assistant removes the book card from the book __15__ [A. pocket B. title C. call-names D. reserve] and record the borrower's name on it. 

Choose the option that best fills the gap labelled 7

Detalhes da Resposta

To determine which catalogue one should use when looking for a particular book, especially after already deciding to use the title catalogue in the first gap, we should consider how libraries typically organize their collections. Libraries commonly offer various catalogues to help users locate books.

If a person knows the title of a book, it makes sense to use a title catalogue. Conversely, if the person knows the author of the book, they should use the author catalogue to find the book.

Given that the passage starts by suggesting the use of the title catalogue in the previous blank, it would be logical to provide another commonly used method to locate a book by a known author in the following blank. Therefore, the best option for the gap labeled 7 is the author catalogue.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

The roads in major cities are broad. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word **broad** refers to something that has a great extent from side to side or is very wide. In this context, **broad** is describing the roads in major cities as having a large width.

The option that is opposite in meaning to **broad** is **narrow**. While **broad** suggests something wide, **narrow** means something that has a small width or is much less wide. Therefore, if roads are described as **narrow**, they have a small extent from side to side, which is contrary to being **broad**.

Choose the option that best completes the gap in the sentence.

Mr Ezeh _______ with some solutions to the issue. 

Detalhes da Resposta

In the given sentence, "Mr. Ezeh _______ with some solutions to the issue," the correct verb phrase to fill the gap is "came up." The sentence is likely referring to a past action where Mr. Ezeh presented or generated solutions.

Here's why each option can be considered:

• "came up": This is the past tense of the phrasal verb "come up with," which means to think of or produce an idea or solution. The use of past tense indicates that the action of presenting solutions has been completed, making it the most appropriate choice for the sentence.
• "come up": This is the present tense and does not fit well in the context if the action occurred in the past.
• "flew up": This phrasal verb usually refers to an actual upward movement and not related to generating ideas or solutions. Hence, it's unrelated to the context of the sentence.
• "brought up": While "brought up" can refer to introducing a topic or idea, it doesn't specifically imply generating "solutions" to an issue. Instead, it usually refers to introducing topics in conversation.

Therefore, "came up" is the correct choice because it implies Mr. Ezeh thought of or presented solutions in the past.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The judge declared the two accused guilty. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "guilty" refers to being responsible for a wrongdoing or a crime. In a legal context, when someone is declared guilty, it means they have been found to have committed the offense they were charged with.

The opposite of being guilty is being free from blame or responsibility for the crime. This means the person is not responsible for the wrongdoing or has not committed the crime they were accused of.

The word that is opposite in meaning to "guilty" is therefore "innocent." This means the person is not blamed for any crime and has no responsibility for wrongdoing.

In each of the following questions, choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

At a crucial time, one should be cautious in taking decisive action. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To understand the meaning of the word decisive, let's break it down. The word decisive is often used to describe actions or decisions that are firm, clear, and have a definite resolution. If someone takes a decisive action, it means they are making a clear and conclusive decision, often leading to a solution or outcome without hesitation.

Now, let's examine each of the options:

• Significant: This means important or meaningful. While a decisive action might be significant, the word significant doesn't capture the full essence of being firm or final in decision-making.
• Inconclusive: This means something that does not lead to a firm conclusion or result. This is the opposite of decisive, as it implies uncertainty and a lack of resolution.
• Indecisive: This describes someone or something not having the ability to make decisions quickly and effectively. It is also the opposite of decisive.
• Trivial: This means unimportant or insignificant. A decisive action would not be trivial as it is meant to resolve or settle an important issue.

From the above explanations, the closest word in meaning to decisive is significant. However, it is important to note that although they are related, they are not exact synonyms. Decisive involves being firm and having a clear conclusion, while significant pertains to the importance or impact of an action.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The cleaner admires the girls for their neatness.

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "admires" means to have a positive feeling of respect or approval towards someone or something. Therefore, the word opposite in meaning would suggest having a negative feeling or showing disrespect or disapproval.

Let's examine the options:

• Scorns: This means to show contempt or disdain towards someone or something. In other words, it indicates a strong feeling of disapproval or derogation. This is opposite in meaning to "admires."
• Accepts: This means to consent to receive or undertake something offered, indicating a neutral or positive feeling. It is not opposite to "admires."
• Sanctions: This generally means giving official permission or approval for an action, which does not have an opposite relation to "admires."
• Regards: This means to consider or think of something in a specified way, and it often holds a neutral or positive meaning. Thus, it is not opposite to "admires."

Based on this analysis, the word "scorns" is opposite in meaning to "admires."

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

bet

Detalhes da Resposta

The following question is based on Khadija Abububakar Jalili's The Life Changer.

According to the novel, Bint's Social Studies teacher is

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Bint describes her Social Studies teacher as meddlesome as she narrates how she took on her Social Studies teacher who thinks he knows "a little bit about every subject under the sun". This can be found on page 1 of the novel. 

Choose the option that explains the information conveyed in the sentence

The teacher believed her students were equal to the task.

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence "The teacher believed her students were equal to the task" implies that the teacher had confidence in her students' ability to successfully accomplish the task at hand. This means the teacher thought her students were capable and ready to handle whatever was required to complete the task. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that the students were hardworking and dedicated, as it suggests they have the necessary skills and perseverance to succeed in the task. There is no indication in the sentence that the students were young, weak, or not prepared, nor does it suggest that the task was too difficult for them.

Choose the most appropriate stress pattern from the options. The stressed syllables are written in capital letters. 

Informative

Detalhes da Resposta

The most appropriate stress pattern for the word "informative" is inFORmative. Here's a simple breakdown:

The word "informative" consists of four syllables: in-for-ma-tive.

In English, the stress usually falls on particular syllables to convey the correct pronunciation of a word. For multi-syllable words, stressing the correct syllable is crucial for proper pronunciation.

For the word “informative,” the primary stress falls on the second syllable: FOR (in-FOR-ma-tive).

This pattern is typical for many English words where the stress falls on the syllable following the prefix "in." Thus, saying inFORmative aligns well with standard English pronunciation patterns.

Choose the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentences.

I decided to back up my friend's argument at the meeting. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence "I decided to back up my friend's argument at the meeting" conveys the idea of giving support or reinforcement to your friend's argument during the meeting.

Backing up someone generally means providing support, defense, or reinforcement, especially when they're presenting a point of view or argument in a discussion or meeting.

The option that best explains this statement is "I endorsed my friend." When you endorse someone, you are communicating your approval and support for what they have said or done. It shows agreement and willingness to give additional credibility or strength to their argument.

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows

One of the basic language skills is reading. In any literate society, reading is a very essential aspect of effective communication in daily activities. Reading has been many things to many people. To some people, it is like looking at printed words while most students see it as a tedious task that has to be performed in order to pass a particular examination. Reading, like any other term, has been described in different ways, such as "Reading as an intellectual activity directed towards the extraction of information from a written piece". One of the causes of mass failure in various examinations among candidates is their inability to imbibe a good reading culture. With poor reading habits, learners cannot comprehend the emphasised hence adequate textbooks should be provided for students.

(Adapted from Ayo Banjo et al (2020) New Oxford Secondary English Course for Senior Secondary School. Ibadan: Oxford University)

According to the passage, students perform poorly in examinations because

Detalhes da Resposta

According to the passage, students perform poorly in examinations because of their inability to imbibe a good reading culture. The passage emphasizes that poor reading habits lead to difficulties in understanding and comprehending the information emphasized in their studies. This lack of a strong reading culture prevents students from effectively grasping and extracting necessary information from their textbooks, contributing to inadequate performance in examinations.

Choose the option that has the same consonant sounds as represented by the underlined letter(s)

archbishop

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

He gave an indifferent look at his dismissal. 

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The word underlined here is "indifferent." This word describes someone who shows a lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; they are neutral or unconcerned about the situation.

To find the option that is opposite in meaning, we need to look for a word that suggests actively showing concern or emotion. Let's evaluate each option:

a strong: This option refers to being powerful or forceful. It does not directly relate to the level of concern or interest.

a concerned: This option implies that someone cares about something and is involved or worried about it. This is the opposite of being indifferent because an indifferent person does not show interest or concern.

an uninterested: This is synonymous with being indifferent, as both mean showing a lack of interest.

an unresponsive: This implies not responding or reacting, which is related but not directly opposite to being indifferent.

Therefore, the option "a concerned" is the correct choice as it is the opposite of "indifferent," showing that the person has interest and is involved emotionally.

n each of the following questions, choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

The assistant class teacher was told to stand in for Mrs Chukwudi.

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The phrase stand in in the context "The assistant class teacher was told to stand in for Mrs. Chukwudi" means to take the place of or substitute for someone temporarily. This involves performing the duties or responsibilities of that person when they are unavailable. Therefore, the word or phrase nearest in meaning to stand in in this context would be support but with a particular emphasis on acting on behalf of, or doing what the absent person would have done.

Read the passage below and answer each questions that follow:

Weathering, which is the gradual breaking down or disintegration of rocks into smaller particles or fragments by either physical or chemical process, can be affected by many factors. Generally speaking, the climatic condition of a particular area has a great effect on the weathering. Physical or mechanical weathering needs temperature and water. 

Chemical weathering, on the other hand, thrives where the climate is hot. We were all taught all these in the four walls of the classroom. I made a visit to my village to see these scientific discoveries. I noticed big trees with their roots penetrating into rocks and breaking them. I initially wondered and puzzled seeing trees growing from the rock. 

A similar thing happened to the soil sampling surrounding where there were rocks. I could see the rock particles mixing up with the rest of the soil. 

From the passage, it can be inferred that

Detalhes da Resposta

The passage suggests that climate plays a crucial role in determining the type of weathering that occurs. This is inferred from the statement which mentions that climatic conditions greatly affect weathering.

The passage describes two types of weathering: physical or mechanical weathering, which requires temperature and water, and chemical weathering, which thrives in hot climates. Therefore, the relationship between climate and weathering is quite evident.

Physical weathering occurs when the temperature and water cause rocks to break into smaller pieces. This typically happens in climates with fluctuating temperatures where water can freeze and thaw, causing rocks to crack. On the other hand, chemical weathering is more effective in hot climates, where chemical reactions are accelerated, leading to the breakdown of rocks.

Hence, we can conclude that climate determines the type of weathering. It directly refutes any notion that weathering occurs only in cool temperatures or only in hot temperatures, as it provides examples of both types of weathering being influenced by climate conditions.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The honeybee includes a group of insects that in a broad sense comprises all bees that make honey. They are social insects and live together in hives. The honeybee is remarkable for the dancing movement it performs in the hive to communicate information to its fellow bees about the location, distance, size, and quality of a particular food source in the surrounding area. There are two honeybee sexes, male and female, and two female castes. The two female castes are known as workers and queens. The males, or drones, are larger than the workers and are present only for about eight weeks, in early summer. The workers and queen have stingers, whereas the drones are stingless. The queens' unfertilised eggs develop into drones, whereas fertilised eggs develop into females, which may be either workers or virgin queens. Eggs destined to become queens are deposited in queen cells. After hatching, the virgin queens are fed royal jelly. When not fed a diet consisting solely of royal jelly, virgin queens will develop into workers. 

Adapted from Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2020, March 24), honeybee. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Another word for the word destined according to the passage would be

Detalhes da Resposta

In the passage, the word "destined" refers to the predetermined fate or purpose of the eggs in the honeybee colony. It mentions that "eggs destined to become queens" are deposited in queen cells, meaning these eggs are predetermined to develop into queens.

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

My uncle is not sure ____ the strange guests were. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To complete the sentence "My uncle is not sure ____ the strange guests were," we need to select a word that logically fits in the context of identifying or specifying something about the "strange guests."

1. **Which:** Typically used to choose between options or to specify a particular item or group from others. It does not fit well here because we are not choosing between a set of known options.

2. **Who:** Used to refer to the subject or inquiring about the identity of a person or people. This option fits well here since we are talking about people, the "strange guests," and trying to identify them. The sentence would be: "My uncle is not sure who the strange guests were."

3. **Whom:** Used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition and often follows a preposition. It would not fit here because the structure of the sentence requires a subject complement, not an object.

4. **What:** Generally used to ask questions about things, rather than people. Since we are talking about people, "strange guests," this option doesn't fit well.

Therefore, the best choice is **who**, as it properly addresses the question of identifying the strange guests, effectively completing the sentence as "My uncle is not sure who the strange guests were."

Choose the option that best completes the sentence. 

It was the _______ of brakes that drew our attention. 

Detalhes da Resposta

In this sentence, we need to choose the word that best describes the sound made by brakes. Let's examine each option:

• Hooting: This word is generally associated with the sound made by owls or ships, often a deep sound. It doesn't typically describe the sound of brakes.
• Blaring: This term usually describes a loud, harsh sound often associated with horns or alarms. While it's loud, it's not typically the sound brakes make.
• Screeching: This word describes a high-pitched, sharp sound. It is often used to characterize the noise made when brakes are applied suddenly, causing friction between the brake pads and the wheels.
• Hammering: This term implies a repeated, percussive sound, like the noise of hitting with a hammer. It's not commonly used to describe the noise of brakes.

Considering the options, the most suitable word to complete the sentence is "screeching". It best describes the high-pitched, sharp sound that draws attention when brakes are applied suddenly.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

If one is looking for a particular book, he can either use the __6__ [A. reverse catalogue B. borrower's catalogue C. dictionary catalogue D. title catalogue] or the __7__ [A. author catalogue B. book catalogue C. title catalogue D. yearly catalogue] to locate the position of the book on the __8__ [A. table B. shelf C. cupboard D. desk] This can be done through the __9__ [A. borrower-mark B. reserve-mark C. call-mark D. year-mark] identification number. On the other hand, if the student has no particular book in mind, but wants to borrow any on a particular subject, say Mathematics, he can go to the __10__ [A. subject catalogue B. publisher catalogue C. reference catalogue D. cover catalogue]. There he will find the __11__ [A. book-card B. call-card C. author-card D. seller-card] of every book that deals with Mathematics as a subject. Apart from this, since all the shelves have instructions and numbers regarding the books on them, the person can read the __12__ [A. card's guide B. author's guide C. shelf-guides D. book-guides] and the book __13__ [A. acknowledgements B. commentaries C. titles D. spines] to get the book he wants. He can take the book to the __14__ [A. table B. reserve section C. sitting corner D. lending desk] where the library assistant removes the book card from the book __15__ [A. pocket B. title C. call-names D. reserve] and record the borrower's name on it.

Choose the option that best fills the gap labelled 14

Detalhes da Resposta

Without the specific context or knowledge of the passage where "labelled 14" appears, it is generally difficult to choose the option that best fills the gap. However, I can explain the typical context where each of these terms might be applicable:

Table: A table is a piece of furniture consisting of a flat top supported by one or more legs, commonly used in libraries, dining rooms, or studies. If the context relates to a place where items are kept or used for activities like reading, writing, or studying, "table" might be appropriate.

Reserve Section: This term is often used in libraries to refer to a specific area where certain books or materials that are in high demand or are reference items are kept. Access might be limited, and items cannot be checked out for home use.

Sitting Corner: A sitting corner typically describes a cozy or designated area with chairs or cushions where people can sit, relax, or engage in conversation. It might be found in living rooms, libraries, or reading areas.

Lending Desk: This is often found in libraries and is the place where library users check out books or return borrowed items. The lending desk is a critical part of the library system.

To choose the best option, consider what the passage is describing or needing. If it's a place for borrowing books, the lending desk is appropriate. If it's a location where books not in circulation are kept, the reserve section is correct. For a resting or reading area, the sitting corner fits best, and for general workspace, a table is the suitable choice.

Choose the option that is nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

She is anxious about her son who has been ill. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word anxious refers to a feeling of worry or nervousness, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome. When someone is anxious, they are not calm or assured; rather, they are concerned about a possible problem or risk.

Let's examine the given options:

• Perturbed: This means feeling disturbed, troubled, or unsettled, which closely aligns with being anxious, as both terms involve a state of apprehension or unease.
• Sure: This means being confident in one's knowledge or ability. It suggests certainty and is the opposite of feeling anxious.
• Confident: This means having faith or strong assurance in something, which contrasts with feeling anxious because it suggests a lack of worry.
• Certain: This implies having no doubt about something, which is also contrary to being anxious, as it indicates sureness rather than worry.

Therefore, among the options, the word perturbed is nearest in meaning to anxious, as both convey a sense of worry and unease.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence. 

Driving in Lagos is a difficult task. 

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The sentence "Driving in Lagos is a difficult task" describes the nature of driving in Lagos, indicating that it is not easy. This implies that there are complexities or challenges involved in driving in this location. To put it simply:

• The sentence conveys that **driving in Lagos is challenging**. This is not an easy or straightforward activity due to factors like traffic congestion, road conditions, or other situational variables.

Therefore, the option that best explains this is: "It is a herculean task driving in Lagos."

Choose the option that best completes the sentence.

Women always ______ themselves in beautiful apparel. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To complete the sentence "Women always ______ themselves in beautiful apparel," we need a verb that logically connects with "beautiful apparel." Let's look at the options:

• Adorn: This verb means to decorate or add beauty. So, when someone adorns themselves, they decorate themselves in a beautiful way. The word "adorn" is commonly used in the context of clothing and jewelry, making it the most appropriate choice for this sentence.
• Mar: This verb means to spoil or damage. It doesn't fit with the context of wearing beautiful apparel.
• Trim: This usually means to cut or decorate the edges. While "trim" can relate to apparel, it doesn't accurately describe how someone would generally dress themselves.
• Garnish: This is often used in the context of food, meaning to add decorative items. It is not typically used for clothing.

Therefore, the best word to complete the sentence is "adorn." Women always adorn themselves in beautiful apparel.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Where is the wealth the rich man accumulated in his lifetime?

Detalhes da Resposta

The word or phrase underlined in the sentence is **"accumulated"**. The meaning of **"accumulated"** is to **"gather"**, **"collect"**, or **"amass"** something over time. It denotes the act of gradually acquiring more and more of something.

To find the opposite of this term, we need a word that signifies the act of **gradually losing** or **wasting something rather than gathering** it.

Now, let?s look at the options provided:

• Gather: This word is similar in meaning to "accumulated" because both involve bringing things together.
• Amass: Like "gather," this also means to collect or accumulate more items or wealth over time.
• Piled up: This is again a synonym, meaning to accumulate something into a pile or collection.
• Squandered: This means to **waste resources or wealth recklessly**. It is the act of spending or using something carelessly or extravagantly.

The option that is opposite in meaning to "accumulated" is squandered. This is because while "accumulated" involves collecting and saving, **"squandered" implies losing and wasting.**

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Death is inevitable. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "inevitable" means something that cannot be avoided or escaped. It implies that an event is certain to happen and there is no way to prevent it from occurring. When we say that "Death is inevitable," we mean that death is a natural part of life that everyone will experience eventually, and there is no way to avoid it.

Let's look at the options:

• Unavoidable: This word is nearest in meaning to "inevitable" because it also means that something cannot be prevented.
• Predictable: While this word refers to something that can be anticipated or expected to happen, it does not necessarily mean that it cannot be avoided.
• Distant: This word refers to something far away in time or space, and it does not convey the idea of inevitability or certainty.
• Surmountable: This word means that something can be overcome or conquered, which is opposite in meaning to inevitable.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "inevitable" is unavoidable.

In each of the following questions, choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined.

Unemployment among school leavers has reached epidemic proportions. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "epidemic" is often used to describe a situation where a condition or problem is spreading rapidly and affects a large number of people or a community. While it is commonly associated with infectious diseases, it can also be used metaphorically to describe any widespread phenomenon.

In the context of the phrase "Unemployment among school leavers has reached epidemic proportions," it means that the problem of unemployment is not confined to a small area or group, but rather it is very extensive and affects a significant portion of school leavers across a large area or population, similar to how an epidemic disease can spread widely and affect many people.

Therefore, the word that is nearest in meaning to "epidemic" in this context is extensive, as it conveys the idea of something being widespread or having a broad impact.

The following question is based on Khadija Abububakar Jalili's The Life Changer.

What is the status of Habib Lawal in the House of Assembly

Detalhes da Resposta

In Khadija Abubakar Jalili's The Life Changer, **Habib Lawal** holds the position of **Speaker** in the House of Assembly. The role of the Speaker involves presiding over the meetings and sessions of the House, guiding discussions, and ensuring that its proceedings are carried out smoothly and according to the rules. As **Speaker**, Habib Lawal holds a pivotal role in maintaining order during debates and has a significant influence on legislative processes.

In the following questions, choose the option that rhymes with the given word:

draughts

Detalhes da Resposta

To find a word that rhymes with draughts, we need to identify a word that has a similar ending sound. The word draughts is pronounced /drɑːfts/ in British English, similar to "drafts" in American English.

Now, let's examine each option:

droughts: Pronounced /draʊts/, which has a different vowel sound compared to draughts.

drafts: Pronounced /drɑːfts/, which is the same as draughts in American English, and thus, they rhyme.

after: Pronounced /ˈæftə/, which sounds quite different and does not match the ending sound of draughts.

crafts: Pronounced /krɑːfts/, it has the same ending sound as draughts, making it another rhyming word.

Therefore, the options that rhyme with draughts are drafts and crafts, because they share the same ending sounds /ɑːfts/.

In each of the following questions, choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined. 

Public

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence. 

He played his wife false by inviting his mistress to the house as his cousin. 

Detalhes da Resposta

To comprehend the meaning of the sentence "He played his wife false by inviting his mistress to the house as his cousin," it's essential to break down the phrase:

The key expression here is "played his wife false." The phrase "played false" commonly means to be deceitful or unfaithful. In this context, it indicates an act of betrayal or cheating on one's spouse.

Now, linking this with the rest of the sentence, where he invited someone under false pretense as his cousin, suggests that he was trying to disguise or hide the true identity of this person from his wife. The term "mistress" typically refers to a woman with whom a married man has a romantic or sexual relationship outside his marriage.

Therefore, the sentence implies that the man was being unfaithful — he was cheating on his wife by inviting his mistress into their home, pretending that she was his cousin to cover up this infidelity. So, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: He cheated on his wife with his mistress.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Ayo does regular exercise to stretch his mind. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "stretch" in the context "Ayo does regular exercise to stretch his mind" implies making the mind more flexible or broadening its capabilities. When we "stretch" something, we are essentially looking to expand or extend it beyond its current state.

To find the opposite of "stretch," we should look for a word that conveys the idea of limiting or narrowing rather than broadening.

Let's consider the options:

• "Enrich": This means to improve or enhance the quality or value of something, which aligns more with the idea of "stretch" rather than opposing it.
• "Expand": This also aligns with "stretch" as it means to increase in size, volume, or scope.
• "Conscript": While this word doesn't have a direct opposition to "stretch", it refers to enrolling someone compulsorily, specifically into the army. It does not particularly relate to stretching the mind.
• "Restrict": This means to limit or control the extent or range of something. **This is the opposite of "stretch"** because it implies reducing or narrowing, rather than expanding.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to "stretch" is "restrict".

The passage below has gaps. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

If one is looking for a particular book, he can either use the __6__ [A. reverse catalogue B. borrower's catalogue C. dictionary catalogue D. title catalogue] or the __7__ [A. author catalogue B. book catalogue C. title catalogue D. yearly catalogue] to locate the position of the book on the __8__ [A. table B. shelf C. cupboard D. desk] This can be done through the __9__ [A. borrower-mark B. reserve-mark C. call-mark D. year-mark] identification number. On the other hand, if the student has no particular book in mind, but wants to borrow any on a particular subject, say Mathematics, he can go to the __10__ [A. subject catalogue B. publisher catalogue C. reference catalogue D. cover catalogue]. There he will find the __11__ [A. book-card B. call-card C. author-card D. seller-card] of every book that deals with Mathematics as a subject. Apart from this, since all the shelves have instructions and numbers regarding the books on them, the person can read the __12__ [A. card's guide B. author's guide C. shelf-guides D. book-guides] and the book __13__ [A. acknowledgements B. commentaries C. titles D. spines] to get the book he wants. He can take the book to the __14__ [A. table B. reserve section C. sitting corner D. lending desk] where the library assistant removes the book card from the book __15__ [A. pocket B. title C. call-names D. reserve] and record the borrower's name on it. 

Choose the option that best fills the gap labelled 9

Detalhes da Resposta

A "call-mark" is used to identify the specific location of a book on a shelf.

The passage below has gaps. Immediately after each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap. 

In modern mining, there is a network of __6__ [A. way B. tunnels C. paths D. avenues] and passages, with openings and walls which in the dim light seem very bewildering. Right across the wall at the end of the inky black passage, the __7__ [A. miners B. toilers C. workers D. foreman] approach. The coal __8__ [A. front B. slope C. obstacle D. face] is neatly cut __9__ [A. slit B. gash C. bare D. aperture]. It extends level to a height of rather less than three feet. The rays of the miner's lamp shine on steel roof __10__ [A. beams B. supports C. spurs D. stays]. Thousands of feet of rock and earth are pressing down on those steel plates and __11__ [A. props B. wedges C. poles D. stakes], and the miners have to crawl through the small, deep opening in the wall to get to the coal in the mine that we are considering, the __12__ [A. gash B. hole C. seam D. opening] is nearly four feet thick and is being worked by a combination of __13__ [A. digging B. manpower C. machinery D. spade] and explosives. A mechanical __14__ [A. slit B. gash C. knife D. mesh] saws into the coal to a depth of four or five feet, thus separating it from its base. Explosives pushed into holes drilled at intervals in the coal are __15__ [A. fused B. extinguished C. detonated D. stuck] by remote control and blow the separated section of the coal to pieces. 

What option best fills the gap labelled 13?

Detalhes da Resposta

The combination of "digging" and explosives is what is needed to harvest coal from a mine.

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

The honeybee includes a group of insects that in a broad sense comprises all bees that make honey. They are social insects and live together in hives. The honeybee is remarkable for the dancing movement it performs in the hive to communicate information to its fellow bees about the location, distance, size, and quality of a particular food source in the surrounding area. There are two honeybee sexes, male and female, and two female castes. The two female castes are known as workers and queens. The males, or drones, are larger than the workers and are present only for about eight weeks, in early summer. The workers and queen have stingers, whereas the drones are stingless. The queens' unfertilised eggs develop into drones, whereas fertilised eggs develop into females, which may be either workers or virgin queens. Eggs destined to become queens are deposited in queen cells. After hatching, the virgin queens are fed royal jelly. When not fed a diet consisting solely of royal jelly, virgin queens will develop into workers. 

Adapted from Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopedia (2020, March 24), honeybee. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Which of the honeybees does not live long?

Detalhes da Resposta

The drones are the honeybees that do not live long. Drone bees are male bees whose primary role is to mate with a queen bee. They do not participate in foraging for food or taking care of the hive. Once they have completed their mating role, they typically die shortly thereafter because mating is a fatal act for them.

In addition, if drones have not mated by the end of the mating season, they are often expelled from the hive by the worker bees. This is primarily because drones do not contribute to the hive's upkeep, and during times when resources are scarce, it is not beneficial for the colony to support them. Therefore, drones generally have a shorter lifespan compared to the queen and worker bees in the hive.

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that best fills the gap labelled 12

Detalhes da Resposta

To fill the gap labelled 12 effectively, we need to understand the function that language maps perform beyond just informing us about global language distributions. They shape our understanding of how language and territory are connected. This involves engaging in a process of discussion and thought around the role of language in society and its spatial distribution.

The word "discursive" is most appropriate here because it pertains to discourse or modes of discourse. It refers to the way in which topics or subjects are talked about and discussed. In this context, language maps go beyond a simple informational purpose and fulfil a function related to discourse on language, territory, and their interrelation. They are part of the broader conversation and conceptual framework that connects linguistic practices to specific geographical areas.

The other options don't fit as well because "interactive" implies engaging with or involving an active exchange, "intuitive" implies something that is easily understandable without conscious reasoning, and "reclusive" suggests avoiding interaction, all of which do not accurately describe the role that language maps play in shaping discourse about language-territory relations.

The passage below has gaps. Following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

One way in which we come to see monolingual standard languages as the norm and __6__ [A. deviations B. aberrations C. criticisms D. deviants] from the imagined monolingual standard language as aberrant, and remember each individual __7__ [A. repertoire B. word C. idea D. statement] is a deviation but repertoires characterised by greater deviation as problematic is through the close association between language and place. You would have seen maps that map languages into territory. You probably can __8__ [A. write B. set C. conjure D. let] in your mind a map of the Americas where almost all of North America is __9__ [A. known B.  coded C. accepted D. conceded] for English except for a bit of French in East Canada, more than half of Central and South America would be coded for Spanish, the other big chunk (Brazil) for Portuguese, and three tiny __10__ [A. havens B. colonies C. isles D. pockets] of English, Dutch and French where the states of Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana are located in addition to maps based on the __11__ [A. national B. common C. local D regional] language of a state, you would be able to find more fine-grained maps that map traditional minority languages into a particular territory. Language maps do not only inform us about global language distributions; they also fulfil a __12__ [A. interactive B. discursive C. intuitive D. reclusive] function, they establish a __13__ [A. plan B. wedge C. bridge D. link] between language and territory as a central and normal way to think about language use. The territorial __14__ [A. principle B. concept C. perception D. technique] is foundational to most thinking about linguistic justice because it __15__ [A. undergirds B. undermines C. underestimate D. underserved] linguistic legislation.

(Source: Ingrid Piler, 2016 p. 33, Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice. Oxford, Oxford University Press)

Select the option that best fills the gap labelled 10

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence describes regions in South America where English, Dutch, and French are spoken, specifically in the areas of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. These areas are small compared to the larger territories where Spanish and Portuguese are dominant. The word "pockets" is often used to describe small, isolated or distinct areas within a larger context. Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill the gap is "pockets" because it conveys the idea of small, distinct regions where a different language is spoken.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined. 

Accountants are discreet with their records. 

Detalhes da Resposta

The word "discreet" refers to being careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially to avoid causing offense or to gain an advantage. In this context, when we say "Accountants are discreet with their records," it means that they handle their records in a way that is careful and deliberate, ensuring confidentiality and accuracy.

Let's consider the options:

• Rash: This means acting without careful consideration of the possible consequences. It is the opposite of being discreet.
• Strategic: This involves planning and using tactics to achieve a specific goal. While it involves careful planning, it doesn't specifically focus on being careful or prudent with information.
• Wise: This implies having knowledge and good judgment. While related, it doesn't directly capture the element of carefulness or tact in handling information.
• Cautious: This means being careful to avoid potential problems or dangers. It matches the concept of being discreet as it relates to handling records carefully and prudently.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "discreet" in this context is cautious.

The passage below has gap(s), following each gap is four options. For each gap, choose the most appropriate option. 

Teaching is a noble profession. Only those who have the calling to __6__ [A. impact B. impart C. infer D. confer] knowledge is called great teachers. 

The teachers' duty goes beyond the four walls of a classroom. They teach students various topics and __7__ [A. formula B. courses C. classes D. subjects]. The teacher listens to their students express their worries and fears, yet the teacher has to pacify and __8__ [A. care B. guide C. beat D. guard] them through the right paths. 

As a __9__ [A. stakeholder B. shareholder C. officeholder D. cardholder] in the field of education, the teacher ensures that teaching-learning __10__ [A. habit B. function C. process D. policy] takes place in and out of the classroom. The teacher lights the candle for the others to see. He/ she is fast enough to move at the speed of the __11__ [A. guiness B. genius C. heinous D. spacious] and patient enough for the slow-learner to catch up. 

In his care are the __12__ [A. book B. diary C. register D. attendance], the mark book and every other document which must be duly filled. While at home, the teacher still plans his lesson and prepares his teaching __13__ [A. books B. steps C. maps D. aids], all for the purpose of effective teaching-learning process. 

Teachers should not be brushed aside in the society as teaching is the profession that __14__ [A. birthed B. delivered C. approached D. positioned] other professions. Teachers should be given a great __15__ [A. attention B. honour C. privilege D. care] in the society. 

Fill the gap labelled 9

Detalhes da Resposta

The sentence in question is discussing the role of a teacher within the field of education. A "stakeholder" is someone who has an interest or investment in the success and functionality of an organization or process. In the context of education, teachers are directly involved in the teaching and learning processes and have a vested interest in educational outcomes. Therefore, they are considered key stakeholders in the field of education.

On the other hand, a "shareholder" refers to someone who owns shares in a company and is concerned with corporate profits, which does not apply in the educational context. An "officeholder" refers to someone who holds an official position, generally in a political or governmental context, which is not directly relevant here. Similarly, a "cardholder" refers to someone who possesses a card (such as a credit card or membership card) and does not relate to the role of a teacher.

Thus, the most appropriate word to fill the gap is "stakeholder".