Combined Science Double Award - 9204 OxfordAQA

Variation

Overzicht

Line up thirty people from the same class and ask them their blood group. You will get four answers and nothing in between: nobody is halfway between group A and group O. Now ask the same thirty to stand against a wall and measure them. This time no two answers are quite alike, and every value between the shortest and the tallest is filled in by somebody. The same room, the same species, two completely different shapes of difference.

Behind both of them sit the two causes this topic names: the alleles an organism inherited, and the conditions it grew up in. You will learn how mutation creates something genuinely new while reproduction only reshuffles what already exists, why a suntan is never passed to a child, and why almost every characteristic you can actually see is the work of both causes together. Then you will handle the numbers, because on this course variation is as much a data skill as a biology one: building a frequency table, estimating a mean from grouped readings, choosing a sample that can carry a conclusion, and spotting the moment a claim runs further than the evidence behind it.

Doelstellingen

  1. The causes of variation include: genetic variation - different characteristics as a result of mutation or reproduction; environmental variation - different characteristics caused by an organism’s environmental (acquired characteristics).

Mindmap

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Lesnotitie

Every member of a species carries the same set of genes, yet no two individuals of that species are identical. Biologists call those differences variation, and the word covers everything from the length of a leaf to the presence of a single enzyme. What makes variation worth a lesson of its own is that it does not all have the same cause and it does not all have the same shape. Some characteristics sort a population into a handful of sharply bounded groups. Others refuse to be sorted at all and spread the population out along an unbroken scale. Telling those two patterns apart, and explaining what produces each one, is the skill this topic is really testing.

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Lesevaluatie

Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Variation. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.

Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.

Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.

  1. Which characteristic of a human population falls into separate groups with no intermediates? A. Body mass B. Hand span C. ABO blood group D. Height Answer: C
  2. An unbroken range of values for a characteristic in a population is usually caused by A. one gene only, with no environmental effect B. many genes together with environmental effects C. the environment only, with no genetic effect D. a single mutation in one individual Answer: B
  3. Which of these is an acquired characteristic? A. The ability to roll the tongue B. A suntan gained during a summer holiday C. Blood group A D. Brown eye colour Answer: B
  4. In a sample of 200 students, 90 were blood group O. What percentage of the sample was blood group O? A. 9% B. 22.5% C. 45% D. 90% Answer: C
  5. Which process is the original source of new alleles in a population? A. Sexual reproduction B. Asexual reproduction C. Mutation D. Environmental variation Answer: C

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