Animal Husbandry WAEC

Environmental Modification And Stress Management

Overzicht

Two farmers in the same town keep the same breed of pig. One farmer's animals grow steadily and breed well through the hottest months of the year. The other's go off their feed every afternoon, pant in a huddle in the corner of a bare concrete pen, and take weeks longer to reach market weight. The difference is rarely the pig. It is almost always the shed: shade, airflow, spacing and a little water make the difference between an animal that copes with Nigeria's climate and one that is fighting it every single day.

In this lesson you will learn what environmental modification means and the practical methods a farmer uses to keep animals comfortable in both heat and cold, what stress in a farm animal actually is and the many things beyond climate that cause it, and the management practices that keep stress low enough for an animal to grow, breed and produce at its best.

Doelstellingen

  1. Define environmental modification
  2. State the methods of modifying the environment of farm animals
  3. Define stress in farm animals
  4. Explain the causes of stress in farm animals
  5. Explain the methods of managing stress in farm animals

Lesnotitie

A farm animal cannot step into the shade on its own the way a person can; it depends on the housing, spacing and handling the farmer provides. Every animal has a thermoneutral zone: the temperature range within which it keeps its body temperature steady without extra energy cost. Push it outside that zone, or add overcrowding or rough handling, and it responds with stress, diverting energy away from growth, milk, eggs and reproduction just to cope. Environmental modification keeps an animal inside its thermoneutral zone, and stress management is the wider set of practices that keep every other pressure on it low as well.

Lesevaluatie

Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Environmental Modification And Stress Management. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.

Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.

Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.

  1. The range of environmental temperature within which an animal maintains its body temperature without extra energy cost is called the: A. Stress threshold B. Thermoneutral zone C. Stocking density D. Homeostatic range Answer: B
  2. Which of the following is a method of protecting farm animals from excess heat? A. Insulated, draft-free housing B. Deep dry bedding C. Sprinklers or misting D. A brooder lamp Answer: C
  3. Which of the following is NOT usually listed as a cause of stress in farm animals? A. Rough handling B. Balanced ration C. Overcrowding D. Transport Answer: B
  4. A poultry house measuring 6 metres by 4 metres is stocked using a general guide of 10 birds per square metre. How many birds does this guide recommend? A. 200 B. 240 C. 260 D. 300 Answer: B
  5. Which practice most directly reduces the stress of a long journey on transported livestock? A. Loud handling to keep animals alert B. Adequate rest stops for water and rest C. Mixing them with unfamiliar animals at each stop D. Withholding water until arrival Answer: B

Aanbevolen Boeken

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Ondertitel: Sixth edition
Uitgever: Pearson
Jaar: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Beschrijving: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.