Geography - 4GE1 PearsonEdexcel

Countries Increasingly Experience An Energy Gap And Therefore Seek Energy Security By Developing A Balanced Energy Mix And Sustainable Energy Use

Overzicht

Every country faces the same arithmetic. Demand for energy rises as population grows, as people get richer and as new technologies plug themselves in. Supply, meanwhile, depends on resources that are unevenly distributed, ageing power stations that close, and new ones that take a decade to build. When the two lines separate, the space between them is the energy gap.

This lesson explains what drives demand and supply, weighs renewable against non-renewable sources honestly rather than sentimentally, and shows how efficiency, conservation and education reduce the gap from the demand side. You will finish with two contrasting case studies of energy management, the United Kingdom and India.

Doelstellingen

  1. Energy demand and production varies globally and is affected by a range of factors: population growth, increased wealth and technological advances
  2. Non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, uranium and shale gas/oil) and renewable sources of energy (e.g. solar, wind, hydroelectric power, geothermal, biomass) have advantages and disadvantages for people and the environment
  3. Energy can be managed in a sustainable way through education, efficiency and conservation (within industry, transport and the home)
  4. Case studies of energy resource management in a developed country and a developing country or an emerging country

Lesnotitie

On 30 September 2024 the United Kingdom shut Ratcliffe-on-Soar, its last coal-fired power station, and became the first major economy to end coal generation after roughly 142 years. That removed a large slice of dependable supply. The country did not run short, because wind, gas and imports had already grown to cover it. Managing that substitution, over decades and without the lights going out, is what energy policy actually is.

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  1. The energy gap is best defined as: A) the difference between renewable and non-renewable output B) the shortfall between the energy a country demands and the energy it can reliably supply C) the time taken to build a new power station D) the difference in energy use between rich and poor households Answer: B
  2. Which energy source is most restricted by the geology of a country? A) Solar B) Natural gas imports C) Geothermal D) Biomass Answer: C
  3. In which year did the United Kingdom close its last coal-fired power station? A) 2014 B) 2019 C) 2024 D) 2030 Answer: C
  4. A country reports that half its installed generating capacity is non-fossil, yet coal still produces most of its electricity. The main reason is that: A) the capacity figures are inaccurate B) solar and wind plants operate for fewer hours of the year than coal plants C) coal plants have a higher installed capacity than reported D) electricity from coal is measured differently Answer: B
  5. Which of the following is an example of energy conservation rather than energy efficiency? A) Installing LED bulbs in place of filament bulbs B) Fitting cavity wall insulation C) Turning the thermostat down by two degrees D) Replacing a boiler with a condensing model Answer: C

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