Rates Of Reaction
Overzicht
Chemical reactions happen at different speeds. Fireworks explode in a fraction of a second, while iron rusts over months. Understanding what controls how fast a reaction proceeds is essential for industry, cooking, and everyday safety.
In this lesson you will explore the four key factors that affect reaction rate - surface area, concentration, temperature and catalysts. You will explain each factor using particle collision theory, describe practical investigations, and learn how catalysts provide an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
Doelstellingen
- Describe experiments to investigate the effects of changes in surface area, concentration, temperature and catalysts on the rate of a reaction
- Describe the effects of changes in surface area, concentration, pressure, temperature and catalysts on the rate of a reaction
- Explain the effects of changes in surface area, concentration, pressure and temperature on the rate of a reaction in terms of particle collision theory
- Know that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end
- Know that a catalyst works by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy
- Investigate the effect of changing the surface area of marble chips and of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction
- Investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution
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- Which factor does NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction? A) Temperature B) Colour of the reactant C) Concentration D) Surface area Answer: B
- A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by: A) Increasing the temperature of the reaction B) Providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy C) Increasing the concentration of the reactants D) Increasing the surface area of the reactants Answer: B
- In the disappearing cross experiment, what substance causes the solution to turn cloudy? A) Sodium chloride B) Sulfur C) Hydrogen chloride D) Sodium thiosulfate Answer: B
- When marble chips react with acid, the rate of gas production is fastest at the: A) End of the reaction B) Start of the reaction C) Midpoint of the reaction D) Rate stays constant throughout Answer: B
- According to collision theory, a successful collision requires particles to have: A) Any amount of energy B) Energy equal to or greater than the activation energy C) Energy less than the activation energy D) The same speed as each other Answer: B
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Leerboekparagraaf
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
Describe the effects of chemical nature, physical state, temperature, concentration, and catalysis on reaction rates
"Chemistry: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/12-2-factors-affecting-reaction-rates. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
Collision Theory
Use the postulates of collision theory to explain the effects of physical state, temperature, and concentration on reaction rates
"Chemistry: Collision Theory" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/12-5-collision-theory. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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