Radioactivity
Overzicht
Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei. It underpins everything from medical imaging and cancer treatment to smoke detectors and carbon dating.
In this lesson you will learn about atomic structure, isotopes, the three types of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta and gamma), how to balance nuclear equations, half-life calculations, uses and dangers of radiation, and the difference between contamination and irradiation.
Doelstellingen
- Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use standard notation to describe particular nuclei
- Know the terms: atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope
- Know that alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process
- Describe the nature of alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise
- Investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation
- Describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the four main types of radiation
- Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge
- Know that photographic film or a Geiger-Muller detector can detect ionising radiations
- Explain the sources of background (ionising) radiation from Earth and space
- Know that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured in becquerels
- Know the definition of the term half-life and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes
- Use the concept of half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity, including graphical methods
- Describe uses of radioactivity in industry and medicine
- Describe the difference between contamination and irradiation
- Describe the dangers of ionising radiations, including mutations, cell damage and radioactive waste disposal
Mindmap
Dit onderwerp is in kaart gebracht zodat je ziet hoe de ideeen samenhangen.
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Flashcards
Snelle geheugentraining op wat bij dit onderwerp getoetst wordt.
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Lesnotitie
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Lesevaluatie
Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Radioactivity. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.
Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.
Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.
- Alpha particles are stopped by: A) Concrete B) Aluminium C) Paper D) Nothing Answer: C
- In beta decay, the atomic number: A) Decreases by 2 B) Stays the same C) Increases by 1 D) Decreases by 1 Answer: C
- The most ionising radiation is: A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) X-rays Answer: A
- Half-life is the time for: A) All atoms to decay B) Activity to reach zero C) Activity to halve D) Temperature to halve Answer: C
- Contamination differs from irradiation because: A) It involves gamma only B) Radioactive material is on/in the body C) It does not involve radiation D) It stops when the source is removed Answer: B
Maak deze vragen in de app
Maak deze vragen in de app
Verder leren met open bronnen
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Leerboekparagraaf
Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity
Describe the structure and forces present within the nucleus
"Physics: Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/22-2-nuclear-forces-and-radioactivity. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
Biological Effects of Radiation
Describe the biological impact of ionizing radiation
"Chemistry: Biological Effects of Radiation" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/21-6-biological-effects-of-radiation. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
Gepubliceerd door andere organisaties onder open licenties, vermeld zoals zij vragen. Links openen hun websites.
Oefen Proefexamenvragen
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