Physical Quantities And Measurement Techniques
Overzicht
Every number in physics is only as good as the measurement behind it. Before you can talk about speed, force or energy, you have to be able to measure length, volume and time reliably, and know whether a quantity carries a direction or not. This is the toolkit the whole subject is built on.
In this lesson you will choose the right instrument for a length, a volume and a time interval, use a clever multiple-measurement trick to pin down a tiny distance or a short time accurately, and sort quantities into scalars and vectors. You will also learn to combine two vectors at right angles, a skill examiners test again and again.
Doelstellingen
- Describe the use of rulers and measuring cylinders to find a length or a volume
- Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and digital timers
- Determine an average value for a small distance and for a short interval of time by measuring multiples (including the period of oscillation of a pendulum)
- [Supplement] Understand that a scalar quantity has magnitude (size) only and that a vector quantity has magnitude and direction
- [Supplement] Know that the following quantities are scalars: distance, speed, time, mass, energy and temperature
- [Supplement] Know that the following quantities are vectors: force, weight, velocity, acceleration, momentum, electric field strength and gravitational field strength
- [Supplement] Determine, by calculation or graphically, the resultant of two vectors at right angles, limited to forces or velocities only
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- Which instrument is most suitable for measuring the volume of a liquid? A. metre rule B. measuring cylinder C. stopwatch D. balance Answer: B
- A student times 20 swings of a pendulum as 24.0 s. The period is: A. 24.0 s B. 4.8 s C. 1.2 s D. 0.83 s Answer: C
- Which of these is a vector quantity? A. mass B. temperature C. velocity D. energy Answer: C
- Forces of 6 N and 8 N act at right angles on a point. The resultant is: A. 2 N B. 10 N C. 14 N D. 48 N Answer: B
- Timing many swings instead of one mainly improves the measurement by: A. increasing the period B. removing parallax C. sharing the reaction-time error over many swings D. changing the pendulum length Answer: C
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Leerboekparagraaf
Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems
What is the difference between distance and displacement? Whereas displacement is defined by both direction and magnitude, distance is defined only by magnitude. Displacement is an example of a vector quantity. Distance is an example of a scalar quantity. A vector is any quantity with both magnitude
"College Physics: Vectors, Scalars, and Coordinate Systems" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/2-2-vectors-scalars-and-coordinate-systems. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods
A vector is a quantity that has magnitude and direction. Displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force, for example, are all vectors. In one-dimensional, or straight-line, motion, the direction of a vector can be given simply by a plus or minus sign. In two dimensions (2-d), however, we specify th
"College Physics: Vector Addition and Subtraction: Graphical Methods" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/3-2-vector-addition-and-subtraction-graphical-methods. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/college-physics/pages/1-introduction
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