Breathing And Exercise
Overzicht
Your resting breathing rate barely needs a thought, but within seconds of starting to run it climbs, your heart pounds, and your muscles start to burn. None of that is accidental: it is a coordinated response by the thorax, the blood and the nervous system to a sudden rise in the demand for oxygen. This topic covers the structures that move air in and out of the lungs, how the alveoli are built to exchange gases efficiently, how the body monitors and controls carbon dioxide levels, and what actually changes, physically, when you exercise regularly.
You also need to be able to interpret a spirometer trace, explain what a pulse rate tells you about fitness, describe how an oxygen debt builds up and is repaid, and know exactly how smoking damages both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Doelstellingen
- Know the structure of the thorax including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes
- Explain the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation
- Explain how the lungs are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion
- Understand the terms lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume and interpret spirometer traces showing breathing movement
- Investigate the effect of exercise on the rate of breathing and measure lung capacity
- Describe the regulation of carbon dioxide content in the blood including the role of chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries
- Understand the term aerobic exercise
- Understand the long-term benefits of exercise on the cardiovascular system
- Understand the pulse rate as a measure of heart rate and explain why resting pulse can be used as a measure of physical fitness
- Explain why the heart rate changes during exercise and the influence of adrenaline
- Investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate
- Understand how an oxygen debt arises and how it is repaid after exercise
- Understand the damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular system caused by smoking
Mindmap
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Flashcards
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Lesnotitie
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Lesevaluatie
Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Breathing And Exercise. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.
Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.
Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.
- Which muscles contract to pull the ribs up and out during inhalation? A) Internal intercostal muscles B) External intercostal muscles C) Diaphragm only D) Abdominal muscles Answer: B
- The maximum volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after the deepest possible breath in is called: A) Tidal volume B) Residual volume C) Vital capacity D) Cardiac output Answer: C
- Chemoreceptors that detect a rise in blood carbon dioxide concentration are found in: A) The alveoli and bronchioles B) The aorta and carotid arteries C) The liver and kidneys D) The diaphragm Answer: B
- Carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke damages the body mainly by: A) Destroying cilia in the airways B) Narrowing blood vessels C) Binding to haemoglobin and reducing oxygen transport D) Causing lung cancer directly Answer: C
- An oxygen debt arises because: A) The lungs stop working during exercise B) Lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration must be broken down using oxygen C) The heart stops pumping blood D) Carbon dioxide is no longer produced Answer: B
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Aanbevolen Boeken
Verder leren met open bronnen
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Leerboekparagraaf
Breathing
Describe how the structures of the lungs and thoracic cavity control the mechanics of breathing
"Biology: Breathing" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/39-3-breathing. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
Cardiac Physiology
Relate heart rate to cardiac output
"Anatomy and Physiology: Cardiac Physiology" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/19-4-cardiac-physiology. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
Gepubliceerd door andere organisaties onder open licenties, vermeld zoals zij vragen. Links openen hun websites.
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