Nervous System
Overzicht
Touch a pin and your hand is already moving before the sting reaches your awareness. Eat a sugary meal and, without any conscious effort, your blood glucose is brought back under control within the hour. Both are the nervous system at work, but on two very different timescales, one built for speed and one built for chemical signals that linger.
This topic covers the structure of sensory, motor and relay neurones, the basic plan of the central nervous system and the main regions of the brain, the structure of the spinal cord and reflex arc, the body's main receptor types, how an impulse is generated and crosses a synapse, and the hormones released by the pituitary, adrenal and thyroid glands, the pancreas and the gonads, before comparing the nervous and hormonal systems directly.
Doelstellingen
- Know the structure of neurones: sensory, motor and relay
- Know the basic plan of the central nervous system
- Know the main areas of the brain and their functions including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, mid brain, pituitary gland and hypothalamus
- Know the structure and functions of the spinal cord and the structure of a reflex arc
- Understand that the body contains receptors that can detect the stimuli for light, temperature, pressure/pain and taste
- Describe the pathway taken by a nerve impulse to cause a response to a stimulus
- Investigate the number and position of sensory receptors, such as touch and temperature receptors in the skin
- Understand how nerve impulses are initiated, the direction of movement of an impulse along a neurone and transmission across a synapse
- Understand the action of hormones from the pituitary (ADH and gonadotrophic hormones), adrenal (adrenaline) and thyroid glands, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (insulin and glucagon) and the gonads, and know the role of hormones in growth and development
- Understand the differences between the nervous and hormonal systems
Mindmap
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Lesevaluatie
Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Nervous System. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.
Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.
Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.
- Which type of neurone is found entirely within the central nervous system and connects a sensory neurone to a motor neurone? A) Sensory neurone B) Relay neurone C) Motor neurone D) Effector neurone Answer: B
- Which region of the brain coordinates balance and produces smooth, accurate movement? A) Cerebral hemispheres B) Hypothalamus C) Cerebellum D) Pituitary gland Answer: C
- Which hormone is released by the pancreas to raise blood glucose concentration between meals? A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Adrenaline D) Thyroxine Answer: B
- A neurotransmitter crosses a synapse by which process? A) Active transport B) Osmosis C) Diffusion D) Filtration Answer: C
- Which of these is a feature of hormonal, but not nervous, control? A) Uses electrical impulses B) Response is very fast C) Signal travels in the blood D) Always targets one specific effector Answer: C
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Aanbevolen Boeken
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Leerboekparagraaf
The Central Nervous System
Identify the spinal cord, cerebral lobes, and other brain areas on a diagram of the brain
"Biology: The Central Nervous System" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/35-3-the-central-nervous-system. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
The Function of Nervous Tissue
Distinguish the major functions of the nervous system: sensation, integration, and response
"Anatomy and Physiology: The Function of Nervous Tissue" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/12-3-the-function-of-nervous-tissue. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction
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