Radioactivity
Overzicht
Some nuclei are simply not stable. Left completely alone, with nothing done to them at all, they break apart and fling out particles or energy at enormous speed. Nobody can predict which nucleus will go next, yet the behaviour of a whole sample is so regular that doctors, engineers and archaeologists build careers on it.
This lesson takes you from the structure of the nucleus to the three ionising radiations, their penetrating power, the meaning of half-life, and the real uses and real dangers of radioactive materials. Expect calculation questions on half-life and explanation questions on safety in your Edexcel papers.
Doelstellingen
- Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols to describe particular nuclei
- Know the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope
- Know that alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process
- Describe the nature of alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays, and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise
- Investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations
- Explain the sources of background (ionising) radiation from Earth and space
- Know the definition of the term half-life and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes
- Describe uses of radioactivity in industry and medicine
- Describe the difference between contamination and irradiation
- Describe the dangers of ionising radiations, including that radiation can cause mutations in living organisms, that radiation can damage cells and tissue, and the problems arising from the disposal of radioactive waste and how the associated risks can be reduced
Mindmap
Dit onderwerp is in kaart gebracht zodat je ziet hoe de ideeen samenhangen.
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Flashcards
Snelle geheugentraining op wat bij dit onderwerp getoetst wordt.
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Lesnotitie
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Lesevaluatie
Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Radioactivity. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.
Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.
Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.
- Which radiation is stopped by a single sheet of paper? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) All three Answer: A
- Which radiation is the most penetrating? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) They are all equal Answer: C
- A nucleus is written with mass number 40 and atomic number 19. How many neutrons does it contain? A) 19 B) 21 C) 40 D) 59 Answer: B
- A source has an activity of 1600 Bq and a half-life of 10 minutes. What is its activity after 30 minutes? A) 800 Bq B) 400 Bq C) 200 Bq D) 100 Bq Answer: C
- Which of the following is the largest natural contributor to background radiation in many countries? A) Nuclear power stations B) Radon gas from rocks C) Mobile phone masts D) Weapons fallout Answer: B
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Verder leren met open bronnen
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Leerboekparagraaf
Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity
Describe the structure and forces present within the nucleus
"Physics: Nuclear Forces and Radioactivity" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/22-2-nuclear-forces-and-radioactivity. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/1-introduction
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Leerboekparagraaf
Radioactive Decay
Recognize common modes of radioactive decay
"Chemistry: Radioactive Decay" by OpenStax, OpenStax, Rice University, licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/21-3-radioactive-decay. Access for free at https://openstax.org/books/chemistry/pages/1-introduction
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