Animal Husbandry WAEC

Animal Improvement

Overzicht

Two farms keep the same breed of chicken. One farmer's birds lay eggs at twice the rate of the other's, reach market weight weeks sooner, and shrug off diseases that keep knocking the neighbour's flock back. The difference is rarely luck or better luck with the weather. It is animal improvement: the deliberate, generation-on-generation reshaping of a population's genetic makeup so that more of its members carry the alleles that make a farm animal worth keeping.

In this lesson you will learn exactly what animal improvement means, how it differs from simply producing more animals, the five objectives every improvement programme chases, and the benefits it delivers both to the individual farmer's pocket and to a nation that must feed itself. You will also learn to reason through real breeding decisions the way a farm manager, and a WAEC examiner, expects.

Doelstellingen

  1. Define animal improvement
  2. State the objectives of animal improvement
  3. Explain the benefits of animal improvement to a farmer
  4. Explain the benefits of animal improvement to the nation
  5. Distinguish between animal improvement and animal production

Mindmap

Dit onderwerp is in kaart gebracht zodat je ziet hoe de ideeen samenhangen.

Flashcards

Snelle geheugentraining op wat bij dit onderwerp getoetst wordt.

Lesnotitie

A poultry keeper in Ogbomoso and a poultry keeper in Kaduna both start with the Niger Local chicken, the same indigenous stock their grandparents kept. Ten years on, one flock still lays about sixty eggs a bird a year and takes six months to reach a sellable weight. The other lays over one hundred and fifty and reaches the same weight in under twelve weeks. Nothing about the local climate changed; what changed was which birds were allowed to breed, generation after generation. That is animal improvement at work.

Lesevaluatie

Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Animal Improvement. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.

Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.

Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.

  1. Animal improvement is best described as: A. Keeping more animals on the same land B. The deliberate change of a population's genetic makeup over generations to enhance desirable traits C. Feeding animals a better ration D. Building better housing for livestock Answer: B
  2. Which of the following is NOT one of the objectives of animal improvement? A. Higher yield B. Better feed conversion C. Lower stocking density D. Disease resistance Answer: C
  3. A farmer's cost per egg falls after his flock's egg output rises while his feed and labour cost stays the same. This is chiefly an example of which benefit of animal improvement? A. Export potential B. Food security C. Lower cost per unit of output D. Adaptation to local conditions Answer: C
  4. Which of these is a national, rather than a purely individual farmer, benefit of animal improvement? A. Higher household income B. Food security C. Personal satisfaction D. Lower feed bill on one farm Answer: B
  5. How does animal improvement differ from animal production? A. They mean exactly the same thing B. Improvement is the genetic change of a population across generations; production is the general management of livestock for output C. Production only concerns crops, not livestock D. Improvement happens in a single season while production takes many years Answer: B

Aanbevolen Boeken

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Ondertitel: Sixth edition
Uitgever: Pearson
Jaar: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Beschrijving: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.

Herhalingsvragen

Benieuwd hoe eerdere vragen over dit onderwerp eruitzien? Hier zijn een aantal vragen over Animal Improvement van voorgaande jaren.

WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2014

Vraag 1 Verslag

(a) Define the term animal improvement.

(b) Explain briefly the following terms as used in animal improvement:

  • cross breeding;
  • out-breeding.

(d) Complete the table below:

Farm animal Name of mature female Gestation period (days)
Sheep …………………… ……………………..
Pig …………………… ……………………..
Rabbit …………………… ……………………..
Antwoorddetails

(a) Definition of animal improvement

Animal improvement is the application of the principles of genetics and good management to bring about a change in the hereditary make-up of farm animals so as to raise their productivity and general performance, for example higher yields of meat, milk or eggs, faster growth and greater disease resistance.

(b) Explanation of terms

  • Cross breeding: This is the mating of animals of two different breeds or varieties of the same species, for example crossing a White Fulani cow with a Friesian bull, in order to combine the desirable qualities of both parents and to obtain hybrid vigour in the offspring.
  • Out-breeding: This is the mating of animals of the same breed that are not closely related (they have no common ancestor for at least four to six generations), and it is used to introduce new desirable genes and to reduce the harmful effects of inbreeding.

(d) Completed table

Farm animalName of mature femaleGestation period (days)
SheepEwe150 (about 147 to 150)
PigSow114 (about 112 to 115)
RabbitDoe31 (about 30 to 32)
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