Animal Husbandry WAEC

Feedstuffs And Feed Supplements

Overzicht

A farmer in Ilorin feeds her broilers a ration heavy in maize and groundnut cake, ticks off energy and protein as covered, and still watches the birds grow slower than they should and go down with leg problems. The maize supplied the energy. The groundnut cake supplied the protein. What the ration lacked was a pinch of vitamins and minerals too small to notice by eye but too important to skip, the job of a feed supplement.

In this lesson you will learn how to sort any feedstuff into one of three families, energy, protein or roughage, using real Nigerian ingredients as your examples throughout, and then how supplements sit apart from all three, correcting the small gaps that a bulky, well-balanced ration can still leave behind. You will finish able to look at any farm ration and say exactly what role each ingredient in it is playing.

Doelstellingen

  1. Classify feedstuffs into energy, protein and roughage sources
  2. Give examples of feedstuffs available in Nigeria
  3. Define feed supplements
  4. State the types of feed supplements
  5. Explain the importance of feed supplements in animal nutrition

Mindmap

Dit onderwerp is in kaart gebracht zodat je ziet hoe de ideeen samenhangen.

Flashcards

Snelle geheugentraining op wat bij dit onderwerp getoetst wordt.

Lesnotitie

Every naira a Nigerian livestock farmer spends on feed buys one of two things: bulk that fills the animal's belly, or the specific nutrients that keep it healthy and productive. A feedstuff is any material an animal eats that supplies nutrients, and no single feedstuff supplies everything an animal needs in the right balance. A stockman who can classify feedstuffs correctly, and who knows when a feed supplement is needed on top of them, spends that money where it actually produces meat, milk or eggs instead of where it is merely bulk.

Lesevaluatie

Gefeliciteerd met het voltooien van de les op Feedstuffs And Feed Supplements. Nu je de sleutelconcepten en ideeën, het is tijd om uw kennis op de proef te stellen. Deze sectie biedt een verscheidenheid aan oefeningen vragen die bedoeld zijn om uw begrip te vergroten en u te helpen uw begrip van de stof te peilen.

Je zult een mix van vraagtypen tegenkomen, waaronder meerkeuzevragen, korte antwoordvragen en essayvragen. Elke vraag is zorgvuldig samengesteld om verschillende aspecten van je kennis en kritisch denkvermogen te beoordelen.

Gebruik dit evaluatiegedeelte als een kans om je begrip van het onderwerp te versterken en om gebieden te identificeren waar je mogelijk extra studie nodig hebt. Laat je niet ontmoedigen door eventuele uitdagingen die je tegenkomt; beschouw ze in plaats daarvan als kansen voor groei en verbetering.

  1. Which of the following is classified as an energy source in livestock feeding? A. Groundnut cake B. Wheat offal C. Fish meal D. Blood meal Answer: B
  2. Which of the following is a PLANT protein source? A. Fish meal B. Blood meal C. Soybean meal D. Bone meal Answer: C
  3. A substance added to a ration in a small amount to correct a specific nutrient shortfall is called a: A. Roughage B. Feed supplement C. Concentrate D. Balanced ration Answer: B
  4. Which of the following is the best example of a roughage source for ruminants? A. Maize B. Groundnut cake C. Guinea grass D. Fish meal Answer: C
  5. A mineral or salt lick left for grazing cattle mainly helps the animal to: A. Gain weight quickly B. Self-correct a mineral shortfall C. Digest roughage faster D. Increase its water intake Answer: B

Aanbevolen Boeken

Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Introduction to Animal Science: Global, Biological, Social and Industry Perspectives
Ondertitel: Sixth edition
Uitgever: Pearson
Jaar: 2017
ISBN: 978-0-13-443605-0
Beschrijving: A comprehensive introduction to animal science covering anatomy and physiology, nutrition, genetics, reproduction, animal health and the major farm animal species and their production systems.
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Small-scale Poultry Production: Technical Guide
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 2004
ISBN: 978-92-5-105082-8
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper written by a Nigerian animal scientist, covering breeds, housing, feeding, incubation, disease control and marketing for small-scale poultry keepers in developing countries.
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Tropical Animal Feeding: A Manual for Research Workers
Uitgever: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Jaar: 1995
ISBN: 978-92-5-103758-4
Beschrijving: An FAO Animal Production and Health Paper on the principles of ruminant and non-ruminant nutrition and the practical use of tropical feed resources, including crop residues and by-products, in sustainable livestock systems.

Herhalingsvragen

Benieuwd hoe eerdere vragen over dit onderwerp eruitzien? Hier zijn een aantal vragen over Feedstuffs And Feed Supplements van voorgaande jaren.

WAEC SSCE - Animal Husbandry - 2021

Vraag 1 Verslag

Specimen A (Dry groundnut haulm)

Drying and ensiling on nutritive value of groundnut haulms

(a)i. Outline the procedure for obtaining specimen A.

(ii) State three benefits that farm animals could derive from feeding on specimen A. 

Specimen B (Guinea grass)

Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) | Feedipedia

(b)(i) Mention two each that could be used to propagate specimen B;

(ii) preserve specimen B.

Specimen C (Kitchen knife)

chef knife uses - Online Discount Shop for Electronics, Apparel, Toys, Books, Games, Computers, Shoes, Jewelry, Watches, Baby Products, Sports & Outdoors, Office Products, Bed & Bath, Furniture, Tools, Hardware, Automotive Parts,

(c) State four of specimen C in animal production 

Antwoorddetails

Specimen A - Dry groundnut haulm is the dried above-ground part of the groundnut plant (the stems, vines and leaves) that remains after the pods have been removed. A labelled diagram of the plant it comes from:

Leaves (haulm) Stems / vines Pods (removed) soil line

(a)(i) Procedure for obtaining Specimen A.

  1. Harvest the mature groundnut crop by uprooting the whole plants from the field.
  2. Detach the pods (nuts) from the plants by picking or threshing, leaving the stems, vines and leaves.
  3. Spread the remaining haulms in the open to dry in the sun (or under shade for slower, greener drying).
  4. Turn the material over at intervals so that it dries evenly and does not rot or grow mould.
  5. When it is properly dry, cut or chop it into smaller pieces.
  6. Pack it into jute bags or a suitable container and store in a dry place until it is needed as feed.

(a)(ii) Three benefits farm animals derive from feeding on Specimen A.

  • It is rich in crude protein (groundnut is a legume), which supports growth and body building.
  • It is high in fibre (roughage), which promotes rumination and healthy digestion in ruminants.
  • It is readily available and stores well, providing valuable fodder during the dry season when green pasture is scarce.

Specimen B - Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), a tall, tufted forage grass.

Leaf blades (tufted) Tuft / stool base

(b)(i) Two materials used to propagate Specimen B.

  • Seeds.
  • Vegetative planting material: root or stem splits (slips) taken from the crown or rooted stem cuttings.

(b)(ii) Two methods used to preserve Specimen B.

  • Hay making: cutting the grass and drying it to a low moisture content for storage.
  • Silage making: chopping the fresh grass and ensiling it under airtight (anaerobic) conditions in a silo.

Specimen C - Kitchen knife, a hand-held cutting tool.

Back (spine) Cutting edge (blade) Tip Handle

(c) Four uses of Specimen C in animal production.

  • Cutting and chopping forage or fodder into smaller pieces for feeding.
  • Slaughtering and dressing (skinning and cutting up) farm animals during processing.
  • Castration and other minor surgical operations, and cutting the umbilical cord of newborn animals.
  • Cutting ropes and opening feed bags during routine handling of animals.
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