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Vraag 1 Verslag
a.Complete the table below
| Element | Function in plants | Effect of deficiency in plants |
| Iron | ||
| Molybdenum | ||
| potassium | ||
| copper | ||
| nitrogen |
b.Name three classes of organic foods which are essential constituents in the diet of a mammal.
c.State two roles each of the following structures of the digestive system in humans:
i.buccal cavity ii, duodenum iii.stomach
d. Name the end product of adding dilute hydrochloric acid to sucrose
a.
| Element | Function in plants | Effect of deficiency in plants |
| Iron | necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyl/protein | Chlorosis/yellowing of leaves,poor growth |
| Molybdenum | Converts nitrogen to amino acids | Stunted growth,pale leaves |
| potassium | Protein synthesis,formation of cell membrane,crop maturation/activates respiration,photosynthesis | Premature death of plant/leaf margin turns yellow/brown; |
| copper | Activates enzymes for respiration,carbohydrate metabolism/photosynthesis | Pale/wilted/spotted leaves |
| Nitrogen | Necessary for the formation of chlorophyll/amino acids/protein | Poor/stunted growth,yellowing of leaves,poor flower formation |
b. -Carbohydrate;
-Protein;
-Lipids/fats and oil
-Vitamin.
c(i)-Takes in/receives food;
-Contains the teeth that chew/masticate the food;to increase the surface area of food particles;
-Contains salivary gland that secretes saliva that moistens the food;
-it also secretes the enzyme ptyalin which breaks down starch to maltose;
-Contains the tongue which tastes/rolls the food into bolus for swallowing.
c(ii). -Receives the food as chyme from the stomach;
-Receives pancreatic juice from pancreas
-Receives bile from the liver which reduces surface tension/emulsifies fats and oil;
-Contains amylase in pancreatic juice which hydrolyses starch to maltose;
-Contains trypsin which breaks down proteins to polypeptides;
-Contains lipase which breaks down fats and oil to carboxyl acid and glycerol;
-Provides large surface area for absorption of some digested food/vitamins and nutrients.
c(iii). -Temporarily stores food;
-Secretes dilute HCI/hydrochloric acid which destroys bacteria;
-Churns food;
-Contains enzymes which start the digestion of protein
d. Glucose and fructose are produced.
Antwoorddetails
a.
| Element | Function in plants | Effect of deficiency in plants |
| Iron | necessary for the synthesis of chlorophyl/protein | Chlorosis/yellowing of leaves,poor growth |
| Molybdenum | Converts nitrogen to amino acids | Stunted growth,pale leaves |
| potassium | Protein synthesis,formation of cell membrane,crop maturation/activates respiration,photosynthesis | Premature death of plant/leaf margin turns yellow/brown; |
| copper | Activates enzymes for respiration,carbohydrate metabolism/photosynthesis | Pale/wilted/spotted leaves |
| Nitrogen | Necessary for the formation of chlorophyll/amino acids/protein | Poor/stunted growth,yellowing of leaves,poor flower formation |
b. -Carbohydrate;
-Protein;
-Lipids/fats and oil
-Vitamin.
c(i)-Takes in/receives food;
-Contains the teeth that chew/masticate the food;to increase the surface area of food particles;
-Contains salivary gland that secretes saliva that moistens the food;
-it also secretes the enzyme ptyalin which breaks down starch to maltose;
-Contains the tongue which tastes/rolls the food into bolus for swallowing.
c(ii). -Receives the food as chyme from the stomach;
-Receives pancreatic juice from pancreas
-Receives bile from the liver which reduces surface tension/emulsifies fats and oil;
-Contains amylase in pancreatic juice which hydrolyses starch to maltose;
-Contains trypsin which breaks down proteins to polypeptides;
-Contains lipase which breaks down fats and oil to carboxyl acid and glycerol;
-Provides large surface area for absorption of some digested food/vitamins and nutrients.
c(iii). -Temporarily stores food;
-Secretes dilute HCI/hydrochloric acid which destroys bacteria;
-Churns food;
-Contains enzymes which start the digestion of protein
d. Glucose and fructose are produced.
Vraag 2 Verslag
a. Complete the following Punnett squares of a dihybrid cross between two rats. One has black fur (BB) and short tail (tt), the other has brown fur (bb) and long tail (TT).
| X | Bt | • | • | • |
| • | • | • | • | • |
| bT | • | • | • | • |
| • | • | • | • | • |
| • | • | • | • | • |
(b)i.How many of the offspring will have black fur and short tail?
ii. How many of the offspring will have brown fur and long tail?
iii. How many of the offspring will have black fur and long tail?
iv. How many of the offspring will have brown fur and short tail?
(c)
i.If there were twenty (20) chromosomes in the leaf cell of a plant, how many chromosomes would be in each of the following cells of the plant?pollen grain.
ii. If there were twenty (20) chromosomes in the leaf cell of a plant, how many chromosomes would be in each of the following cells of the plant? guard cell.
iii. If there were twenty (20) chromosomes in the leaf cell of a plant, how many chromosomes would be in each of the following cells of the plant? ovule.
iv. If there were twenty (20) chromosomes in the leaf cell of a plant, how many chromosomes would be in each of the following cells of the plant? root cell
a.
| X | Bt | Bt | Bt | Bt |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BtbT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
(b)
i.black fur and short tail-0
ii. brown fur and long tail-0
iii. black fur and long tail-16
iv. brown fur and short tail-0
(c)
i.Pollen grain: 10
ii. Guard cell: 20
iii. Ovule: 10
iv. Root cell: 20
Antwoorddetails
a.
| X | Bt | Bt | Bt | Bt |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BtbT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
| bT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT | BbtT |
(b)
i.black fur and short tail-0
ii. brown fur and long tail-0
iii. black fur and long tail-16
iv. brown fur and short tail-0
(c)
i.Pollen grain: 10
ii. Guard cell: 20
iii. Ovule: 10
iv. Root cell: 20
Vraag 3 Verslag
ai. What are sense organs?
ii. Name three sense organs that respond to the stimulus of chemicals
b. List three animals each that exhibit the following courtship behaviours
i.territoriality ii. pairing
ci. State one similarity between the eggs of toad and the eggs of birds.
ii. State three differences between the eggs of toads and the eggs of birds.
d. Complete the table below by listing four organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle and state one role each of the organisms.
| four organisms involved in nitrogen circle | one role of organism |
e. Complete the table below by naming two types of heterotrophic modes of nutrition in animals and give two examples each of the organisms that carry out the modes of nutrition.
| Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition |
Two examples of organisms that carry out mode of nutrition |
ai. Organs with sensory receptors; that detect changes from the environment;and relay the impulses to the nervous system;for interpretation and appropriate response sent to the effector organ.
ii. -Tongue;
-Nose;
-Skin;
bi.
-Agama lizard/lizard;
-Leopard/tiger;
-Jaguar;
-Lion;
-Monkey;
-Chimpanzee/baboon;
-Dog;
-Cat;
-Male Tilapia.
ii.
-Termite;
-Human;
-Gibbon;
-Domestic fowl/duck/pigeon;
-Fish;
-Spider;- monkey,- toad;
ci. Both have
-yolk;
-embryo;
-vitelline membrane
cii.
| Eggs of toads | Eggs of birds |
| Surrounded by jelly coat |
surrounded by calcareous shell; |
| Relatively smaller |
Relatively larger |
| Shell membrane absent |
Shell membrane absent |
| Presence of black part |
No black part |
| Eggs are laid in chains | Eggs are laid in single piece |
| Many/numerous eggs |
One egg at a time |
| Transparent | Opaque |
| Airspace absent | Airspace present |
| Yolk not suspended in chalaza | Yolk suspended in chalaza |
d.
| Organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle |
One role of organism |
| Animal | Excrete nitrogenous compounds,Eat proteins in plant,Die,decay to form ammonium compound; |
| Plant | Absorbs nitrate from soil/Die/decay to form ammonium compound; |
| Putrefying bacteria | break down dead plants and animals |
| Azotobacter | Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate |
| Rhizobium | Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates |
| Nitrobacter | Converts nitrites to nitrate. |
| Nitrosomonas | Converts ammonium compounds to nitrites. |
| Pseudomonas | converts amino compounds to ammonium compounds |
e.
| Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition | Two examples of organisms that can carry out mode of nutrition |
| Holozoic | Human,domestic fowl,dog,cat,goat,sheep,cow,snake,lion,rabbit,amoeba |
| Parasitic | lice, tick,tapeworm,liverfluke,guinea worm,hookworm. |
| Saprophytic | fungi,mushroom,soil bacteria,yeast,rhizopus,mucor. |
Antwoorddetails
ai. Organs with sensory receptors; that detect changes from the environment;and relay the impulses to the nervous system;for interpretation and appropriate response sent to the effector organ.
ii. -Tongue;
-Nose;
-Skin;
bi.
-Agama lizard/lizard;
-Leopard/tiger;
-Jaguar;
-Lion;
-Monkey;
-Chimpanzee/baboon;
-Dog;
-Cat;
-Male Tilapia.
ii.
-Termite;
-Human;
-Gibbon;
-Domestic fowl/duck/pigeon;
-Fish;
-Spider;- monkey,- toad;
ci. Both have
-yolk;
-embryo;
-vitelline membrane
cii.
| Eggs of toads | Eggs of birds |
| Surrounded by jelly coat |
surrounded by calcareous shell; |
| Relatively smaller |
Relatively larger |
| Shell membrane absent |
Shell membrane absent |
| Presence of black part |
No black part |
| Eggs are laid in chains | Eggs are laid in single piece |
| Many/numerous eggs |
One egg at a time |
| Transparent | Opaque |
| Airspace absent | Airspace present |
| Yolk not suspended in chalaza | Yolk suspended in chalaza |
d.
| Organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle |
One role of organism |
| Animal | Excrete nitrogenous compounds,Eat proteins in plant,Die,decay to form ammonium compound; |
| Plant | Absorbs nitrate from soil/Die/decay to form ammonium compound; |
| Putrefying bacteria | break down dead plants and animals |
| Azotobacter | Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate |
| Rhizobium | Converts atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates |
| Nitrobacter | Converts nitrites to nitrate. |
| Nitrosomonas | Converts ammonium compounds to nitrites. |
| Pseudomonas | converts amino compounds to ammonium compounds |
e.
| Two modes of heterotrophic nutrition | Two examples of organisms that can carry out mode of nutrition |
| Holozoic | Human,domestic fowl,dog,cat,goat,sheep,cow,snake,lion,rabbit,amoeba |
| Parasitic | lice, tick,tapeworm,liverfluke,guinea worm,hookworm. |
| Saprophytic | fungi,mushroom,soil bacteria,yeast,rhizopus,mucor. |
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