WAEC SSCE - Agricultural Science - 2021 (Objective)

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A plot of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit trees is called an orchard. An orchard is a specialized type of farm that is dedicated to growing and harvesting fruit trees, such as apple, pear, peach, or citrus trees. The term "orchard" can also refer to the collection of trees themselves, which are often arranged in rows or blocks to facilitate care and harvesting. The purpose of an orchard is to produce a high yield of quality fruit that can be sold to consumers or used for processing into juices, jams, and other products.

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Trypanosomiasis is a disease that affects cattle, among other animals. N'dama and Muturu are breeds of cattle that are well known for their resistance to trypanosomiasis. Therefore, the answer is "N'dama and Muturu."

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Adoption of research findings by farmers can help to solve the problem of poor agricultural practices which lead to reduced productivity and yield. By adopting new research-based practices and technologies, farmers can improve their yields, reduce crop losses, and increase their income. Therefore, the option that best fits the question is "poor extension services" since research findings can help provide better extension services to farmers, which in turn can lead to improved farming practices and better yields.

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To determine the cost of feeding the birds for 6 weeks, we first need to find the total amount of feed consumed by the birds in 6 weeks. Total feed consumed by birds in 6 weeks = 0.7 kg/week x 6 weeks = 4.2 kg If 1 kg of feed costs #5, then 4.2 kg will cost: 4.2 kg x #5/kg = #21.00 Therefore, the cost of feeding the birds for 6 weeks is #21.00. So, the answer is option C, #21.00.

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Microorganisms that decompose organic matter will function best under an optimum soil pH. This is because most microorganisms that break down organic matter work best in a neutral to slightly acidic pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Outside of this range, their activity can be reduced, which slows down the decomposition process. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balanced pH level in the soil to promote the growth and activity of microorganisms that help to decompose organic matter.

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The pair of raw materials used in the canning industry is meat and fish. The canning industry involves the preservation of food items in sealed cans or containers to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. Meat and fish are commonly processed and canned to provide convenient and long-lasting food products. Meat, such as beef, pork, and poultry, is a valuable source of protein for many people. Canning allows meat to be preserved without the need for refrigeration, making it more accessible and transportable. The meat is typically cooked, processed, and sealed in cans along with appropriate preservatives to prevent spoilage. Fish, including various types such as tuna, salmon, and sardines, is also widely canned. Canned fish provides a convenient and nutritious food option, especially for areas where fresh fish may not be readily available. The fish is cleaned, cooked, and canned along with oils, sauces, or brine to enhance flavor and preservation. These raw materials, meat and fish, are carefully selected and processed to meet the quality and safety standards required in the canning industry. The canning process involves sealing the cans to create a sterile environment, ensuring the preservation of the meat and fish for an extended period. In summary, the canning industry utilizes meat and fish as primary raw materials to provide preserved, ready-to-eat food products that are convenient, long-lasting, and widely accessible.

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A farmer practices crop rotation in order to improve soil fertility. Crop rotation is a farming practice where different crops are grown in a specific sequence or rotation on the same piece of land over multiple seasons. The main purpose of crop rotation is to maintain and enhance the health of the soil. When the same crop is grown continuously in the same field, it depletes the soil of specific nutrients that are essential for that particular crop. This can lead to reduced yield and nutrient imbalances in the soil. Additionally, continuous cropping of a single crop can also increase the risk of pests and diseases that specifically target that crop. By practicing crop rotation, farmers alternate the types of crops grown in a particular field. Different crops have different nutrient requirements, root systems, and interaction with pests and diseases. This helps to break the pest and disease cycles, prevent the buildup of pests and diseases specific to a particular crop, and reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides. Furthermore, different crops have different root systems that vary in their depth and structure. This can help improve soil structure and prevent soil erosion. Some crops have deep roots that can break up compacted soil, while others have fibrous roots that add organic matter and improve soil texture. In summary, crop rotation helps to improve soil fertility by diversifying the nutrient demands, disrupting pest and disease cycles, and promoting healthier soil structure. It is an effective way for farmers to maintain and enhance the productivity and sustainability of their farmland over the long term.

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The botanical name for onion is Allium cepa. Botanical names are a standardized way of identifying plants, and they consist of two parts: the genus and the species. In this case, the genus is Allium, which includes various plants such as garlic and chives, and the species is cepa, which specifically identifies the onion plant.

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To determine the percentage of organic matter in the soil, we need to calculate the weight of the organic matter that was lost during the burning process. The weight of the organic matter can be calculated as follows: Weight of over-dried soil before burning - Weight of over-dried soil after burning = Weight of organic matter Substituting the given values, we get: 50g - 28g = 22g Therefore, the weight of organic matter is 22g. To calculate the percentage of organic matter, we need to divide the weight of organic matter by the weight of over-dried soil before burning and multiply by 100. (22g / 50g) x 100 = 44% Therefore, the percentage of organic matter in the soil is 44%. So the correct option is "44%".

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Inspecting yam stored in a barn at least once a week helps to prevent mouldiness, remove sprouts and rotten tubers. During storage, yams may sprout or start to rot due to changes in temperature, humidity or mechanical damage. Regular inspection helps to identify and remove these sprouts and rotten tubers before they spread and cause spoilage to other yams. Inspections can also help to identify and control any pest attacks that may occur, preventing further damage to the yams.

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The best way for a young animal to obtain colostrum is by allowing it to suckle the dam. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mother immediately after giving birth. It is rich in essential nutrients, antibodies, and immune factors that are crucial for the health and survival of the newborn animal. By allowing the young animal to suckle the dam, it can directly access and consume the colostrum, receiving its numerous benefits. Powdered milk or warm milk may not provide the same level of essential nutrients and antibodies as colostrum. Injecting the animal with progesterone is unrelated to obtaining colostrum and serves a different purpose. Therefore, allowing the young animal to suckle the dam is the most effective way to ensure it receives the vital colostrum it needs for a healthy start in life.

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The two species of kola grown for commercial purposes in West Africa are Cola nitida and Cola acuminata. Cola nitida, also known as the bitter kola, is a species of kola tree that is widely cultivated in West Africa. It produces bitter nuts that are commonly consumed for their medicinal properties and are also used as a flavoring agent in certain beverages and confectionery products. Cola acuminata, also known as the kola nut or the cola tree, is another species of kola tree grown in West Africa. Its nuts are larger and have a milder flavor compared to Cola nitida. They are often used in the production of soft drinks, particularly cola beverages, due to their natural caffeine content and characteristic taste. Both Cola nitida and Cola acuminata have economic importance in the region, as they are valuable crops for trade and local consumption. They are recognized for their cultural and traditional significance, as well as their various uses in traditional medicine and as stimulants.

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The practice that will improve clay soil is the addition of organic material. Organic material such as compost, manure, and plant residues can improve soil structure, increase soil aeration, and enhance water retention capacity. This is because organic matter helps to bind soil particles together, creating a more stable soil structure that is less prone to compaction. In contrast, the use of acid-forming fertilizers, bush burning, and addition of sodium chloride can have negative effects on soil health and may lead to soil degradation.

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The structure that should be located on high elevation in planning a farmstead is the farmhouse. This is because the farmhouse is the most important structure on the farmstead, as it serves as the residence of the farmer and his family. Placing the farmhouse on high elevation will provide a better view of the farm and surrounding areas, which will aid in the management of the farm. Additionally, it will protect the farmhouse from flooding during the rainy season. The other structures such as fish pond, pigsty, and processing shed can be located on lower elevations as they do not require the same level of prominence and protection as the farmhouse.

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The branch of crop science which deals with the study of insect pests is entomology. Entomology is the study of insects and their relationship with plants and other organisms. It involves the study of insect anatomy, behavior, ecology, and control measures. In crop science, entomology is an important field because insect pests can cause significant damage to crops and reduce crop yields. Therefore, entomologists work to identify and develop control measures to manage insect pests in crop production.

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An advantage of zero-grazing is that it prevents depletion of pasture. Zero-grazing is a system of livestock management where animals are confined in a housing unit, rather than being allowed to graze freely. Since the animals are not grazing in a pasture, there is no depletion of pasture, which means that the farmer does not have to spend money on pasture management. Additionally, zero-grazing can help to increase the productivity of the animals since they are kept in a controlled environment with adequate feed and water. It is also easier to monitor and manage the animals in a zero-grazing system compared to a free-range system, which can help to prevent diseases and increase the efficiency of livestock production.

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Elaeis guineensis and Arachis hypogaea are examples of oil crops. Oil crops are plants that are primarily cultivated for their oil-rich seeds or fruits. Elaeis guineensis, also known as the oil palm, produces palm oil from its fruit. Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as groundnut or peanut, produces oil from its seeds. These crops are specifically grown for their oil content, which is extracted and used for various purposes such as cooking, food processing, and manufacturing of cosmetic and industrial products.

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The major source of water to the plants in the diagram is capillary water. Capillary water refers to the water that is held in the soil and is available for plant roots to absorb. It is the result of the capillary action, which is the movement of water through tiny spaces or pores in the soil due to the forces of cohesion and adhesion. When it rains or when the soil is irrigated, water infiltrates into the soil and fills the spaces between soil particles. The force of cohesion between water molecules allows it to move upward against gravity, while the force of adhesion between water molecules and the soil particles allows water to stick to the soil surfaces and move laterally. Plant roots have tiny root hairs that extend into the soil, and these root hairs are in close contact with the soil particles. As the water moves upward and laterally through capillary action, it comes into contact with the root hairs, and the roots absorb the water through osmosis. This capillary water provides plants with the necessary moisture and nutrients for their growth and survival. While other sources of water like gravitational water (water that drains through the soil due to gravity), hygroscopic water (water that is tightly bound to the soil particles and is not available to plants), and surface water (water on the surface of the soil) also contribute to the overall water availability, capillary water is the primary source that directly nourishes the plants. In conclusion, capillary water, which is held in the soil and moves through capillary action, is the major source of water that plants in the diagram can access and absorb through their roots.

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To calculate the expected plant population of Okro seeds sown on 0.72 hectares of farmland at a spacing of 60cm, we need to know the area of the land in square meters. 1 hectare is equal to 10,000 square meters, so 0.72 hectares is equal to 7,200 square meters (0.72 x 10,000 = 7,200). To calculate the expected plant population, we need to divide the area of land by the square of the spacing between plants. In this case, the spacing is given as 60cm, which is equal to 0.6 meters. So, the expected plant population is: 7,200 / (0.6 x 0.6) = 20,000 Therefore, the expected plant population for Okro seeds sown on 0.72 hectares of farmland at a spacing of 60cm is 20,000 plants.

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The causative organism of maize rust is a fungus. Maize rust is a plant disease that affects corn, or maize, plants. It is caused by a specific type of fungus known as Puccinia polysora. This fungus belongs to the group of organisms known as fungi. Fungi are organisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, plants, and even in the air. They are distinct from other types of organisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. In the case of maize rust, the fungus Puccinia polysora infects the maize plant, causing characteristic symptoms such as reddish-brown or orange-colored pustules or lesions on the leaves, stalks, and ears of the plant. These pustules contain fungal spores that are spread through wind, rain, or physical contact. Fungi, including Puccinia polysora, are known to be important plant pathogens, causing diseases in various crops and plants. They rely on the plant's nutrients and tissues to grow and reproduce, leading to damage and reduced crop yield. Understanding the causative organism of a plant disease like maize rust is crucial for effective management and control strategies. By identifying the fungus as the causative agent, farmers and agricultural professionals can implement appropriate measures such as crop rotation, fungicide applications, and resistant crop varieties to minimize the impact of the disease and protect maize crops. Therefore, in the case of maize rust, the causative organism is a fungus, specifically the Puccinia polysora fungus.

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To calculate the percentage change in quantity supplied, we need to use the following formula: Percentage Change = ((New Value - Old Value) / Old Value) x 100% In this case, the old value is the quantity supplied at a price of 24 (#), which is 480 (kg), and the new value is the quantity supplied at a price of 16 (#), which is 400 (kg). So, using the formula, we get: Percentage Change = ((400 - 480) / 480) x 100% Percentage Change = (-80 / 480) x 100% Percentage Change = -16.67% Therefore, the percentage change in quantity supplied for maize is 16.67% (rounded to one decimal place).

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Feeds that have more than 18% fibre are classified as roughages. Roughages are feeds that contain a high percentage of fibre and are commonly low in digestible nutrients. They are typically used to supplement the diets of livestock and provide them with the necessary fibre to aid digestion and maintain a healthy digestive system. Examples of roughages include hay, straw, silage, and pasture grasses.

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Horse racing and polo are events where horses are used for recreation. Horse racing is a sport where horses race against each other to determine which is the fastest, while polo is a team sport played on horseback, where players use mallets to hit a ball into the opposing team's goal. Both events are primarily for entertainment and recreational purposes, rather than transportation or dowry payment.

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To calculate the weight of organic matter in the soil, we need to find the weight of the portion of the soil that was burned off during the experiment. We can do this by subtracting the weight of the soil after burning from the weight of the soil before burning: Weight of organic matter = Weight of over-dried soil before burning - Weight of over-dried soil after burning Weight of organic matter = 50g - 28g Weight of organic matter = 22g Therefore, the weight of organic matter in the soil is 22g. The answer is.

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Formation of blisters on the mouth and the skin around the hoof of farm animals is a symptom of Foot and Mouth Disease. Foot and Mouth Disease is a viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The disease causes the formation of blisters on the mouth, tongue, nose, and around the hoof of infected animals. The blisters eventually burst, leaving painful sores that can make it difficult for the animal to eat, walk, and stand. The disease is highly contagious and can spread rapidly between animals, which can lead to significant economic losses in the livestock industry.

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The construction of rural feeder roads in agriculture helps to improve access to various services such as marketing, transportation, and extension services, which can boost productivity and profitability. It can also help reduce the cost of transportation of farm inputs and outputs. However, rural feeder roads construction may not directly address land tenure issues which may affect the ability of farmers to access and use land for agricultural purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is "land tenure system."

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The propagation of ginger is generally done using its rhizome. Rhizomes are modified stems that grow underground and are used for vegetative propagation of ginger. They are cut into small pieces with at least one bud and planted in soil for growth. This method of propagation ensures that the genetic characteristics of the parent plant are retained in the offspring, thereby ensuring desirable traits like disease resistance, yield, and quality.

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