JAMB UTME - Mathematics - 1988

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$\frac{x-7}{x^2-9}$ x $\frac{x^2-3x}{x^2-49}$
= $\frac{x-7}{(x-3)(x+3)}$ x $\frac{x(x-3)}{(x-7)(x+7)}$
= $\frac{x}{(x+3)(x+7)}$

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The volume of the solid = vol. of cone + vol. of hemisphere

volume of cone = $\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^{2}h$

= $\frac{1\pi }{3}\times (3{)}^{2}x6=18\pi c{m}^2$

vol. of hemisphere = $\frac{4\pi r^3}{6}=\frac{2\pi r^3}{3}$

= $\frac{2\pi }{3}\times (3{)}^3=18\pi c{m}^3$

vol. of solid = 18$\pi$ + 18$\pi$

= 36$\pi$cm3

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$△$PUS is right angled
$\frac{US}{5}$ = sin60o
US = 5 x $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
= 2.5$\sqrt{3}$
= 4.33cm

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SRT is a straight line, where QRT = 120

SRQ = 180${}^{\circ }$ - 120${}^{\circ }$ = 60${}^{\circ }$ - (angle on a straight line)

also angle QRS = 180${}^{\circ }$ - 100${}^{\circ }$ (angle on a straight line) . In angles where QR = SR and angle SRQ = 60${}^{\circ }$

x = 100 - 60 = 40${}^{\circ }$

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Cos $\theta$ = $\frac{x}{y}$ = $\frac{\text{adj}}{\text{opp}}$
(hyp2) = opp2 + adj2
(hyp2) = x2 + y2
hyp = $\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$
Cosec$\theta$ = hyp
= x2 + y2
= $\frac{1}{y}$$\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$

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PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 - 2(QR)(PQ) COS 120o
PR2 = 12 + 22 - 2(1)(2) x - cos 60o
= 5 - 2(1)(2) x -$\frac{1}{2}$
= 5 + 2 = 7
PR = $\sqrt{7}$cm

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cos2$\theta$ + $\frac{1}{8}$ = sin2$\theta$..........(i)
from trigometric ratios for an acute angle, where cos$\theta$ + sin2$\theta$ = 1 - cos$\theta$ ........(ii)
Substitute for equation (i) in (i) = cos2$\theta$ + $\frac{1}{8}$ = 1 - cos2$\theta$
= cos2$\theta$ + cos2$\theta$ = 1 - $\frac{1}{8}$
2 cos2$\theta$ = $\frac{7}{8}$
cos2$\theta$ = $\frac{7}{2\times 3}$
$\frac{7}{16}$ = cos$\theta$
$\sqrt{\frac{7}{16}}$ = $\frac{\sqrt{7}}{4}$
but cos $\theta$ = $\frac{\text{adj}}{\text{hyp}}$
opp2 = hyp2 - adj2
opp2 = 42 ($\sqrt{7}$)2
= 16 - 7
opp = $\sqrt{9}$ = 3
than $\theta$ = $\frac{\text{opp}}{\text{hyp}}$
= $\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}$
$\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}}$ x $\frac{7}{\sqrt{7}}$ = $\frac{3\sqrt{7}}{7}$

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3x - 5y = 3, 2y - 6x = -5
-5y + 3x = 3........{i} x 2
2y - 6x = -5.........{ii} x 5
Substituting for x in equation (i)
-5y + 3($\frac{19}{24}$) = 3
-5y + 3 x $\frac{19}{24}$ = 3
-5y = $\frac{3-19}{8}$
-5 = $\frac{24-19}{8}$
= $\frac{5}{8}$
y = $\frac{5}{8\times 5}$
y = $\frac{-1}{8}$
(x, y) = ($\frac{19}{24},\frac{-1}{8}$)

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Let x represent total number of balls in the basket.
If there are 10 blue balls, $\frac{1}{8}$ of x = 10
x = 10 x 8 = 80 balls
Green balls will be $\frac{5}{8}$ x 80 = 50 and black balls = $\frac{2}{8}$ x 80 = 20
Ratio = Green : black : blue
50 : 20 : 10
-10 : 10 : -
------------------
New Ratio 40 : 10 : 10
4 : 1 : 1

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cos60o = 1/2, cos(180o/60o) = -1/2

cos120o = -1/2

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Mean $\overline{x}$ = $\frac{156}{10}$ = 15.6
Median = $\overline{y}$ = $\frac{15+16}{2}$
$\frac{31}{2}$ = 15.5
$\frac{x}{y}$ = $\frac{15.6}{15.5}$ = 1.0065
1.0(1 d.p)

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< RXZ = < ZYX = 45O(Alternate segment)

< ZYQ = 90 + 45

= 135O

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$\frac{8^{\frac{1}{3}}\times 5^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{2}{{10}^3}}$ = $\frac{(2^3{)}^{\frac{1}{3}}\times 5^{\frac{3}{2}}}{(2\times 5{)}^{\frac{2}{3}}}$
= $\frac{2\times 5}{2^{\frac{2}{3}}\times 5^{\frac{3}{2}}}$
= 21 - $\frac{2}{3}$
= 2$\frac{1}{3}$
= 3$\sqrt{2}$

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Let value of store = X
Ratio of Taiwo's share to kehine's is 11:9 Keyinde sells $\frac{2}{3}$ of her share to Taiwo for ₦720
$\frac{2}{3}$ of 9 = 6
∴ Sum of the ratio = 11 + 9 = 20
$\frac{6}{20}$ of x = ₦720
$\frac{6x}{20}$ = 720
∴ x = $\frac{720\times 20}{6}$
x = ₦24,000

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The total sample space when two dice are thrown together is 6 x 6 = 36
$\begin{array}{ccccccc}& 1& 2& 3& 4& 5& 6\\ 1.& 1.1& 1.2& 1.3& 1.4& 1.5& 1.6\\ 2& 2.1& 2.2& 2.3& 2.4& 2.5& 2.6\\ 3& 3.1& 3.2& 3.3& 3.4& 3.5& 3.6\\ 4& 4.1& 4.2& 4.3& 4.4& 4.5& 4.6\\ 5& 5.1& 5.2& 5.3& 5.4& 5.5& 5.6\\ 6& 6.1& 6.2& 6.3& 6.4& 6.5& 6.6\end{array}$
At least 10 means 10 and above
P(at least 10) = $\frac{6}{36}$
= $\frac{1}{6}$

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% error = $\frac{\text{actual error}}{\text{true value}}$ x 100
Where actual error = 5.1 - 5.0 = 0.1
true value = 5.0g
% error = $\frac{0.1}{5.0}$ x 100
= $\frac{10}{5}$
= 2

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$\frac{1\frac{1}{2}}{\text{2 +}\frac{1}{4}\text{of 32}}$
= $\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{2+\frac{1}{4}\times 32}$
$\frac{3}{2}$ x 4 = 6

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Let the fifth interior angle be y: sum of interior angle of a pentagon
= (2 x 5 - 4) x 90o
= 6 x 90o
= 540o
(90 - x) + (90 + x) + (110 - 2x) + (110 + 2x) + y = 540o
400o + y = 540o
y = 540 - 400o
y = 140o

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x2 + $\frac{2x}{r^2}$ + $\frac{1}{r^4}$ = 0
(x + $\frac{1}{r^2}$) = 0
x + $\frac{1}{r^2}$ = 0
x = $\frac{-1}{r^2}$

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From the distribution, Mode = 1 and
Median = $\frac{2+2}{2}$
= 2
= 1, 2

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From similar triangle, $\frac{QS}{QP}=\frac{TQ}{QR}=\frac{5}{12}=\frac{6}{QR}$

QT = $\frac{6\times 12}{5}=\frac{72}{5}=SR=QR-QS$

= $\frac{72}{5}-5=\frac{72-25}{5}$

= $\frac{47}{5}$

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$\frac{x+2}{x+1}$ - $\frac{x-2}{x+2}$ = $\frac{(x+2)(x+2)-(x-2)-(x-2)(x+1)}{(x+1)(x+2)}$
= $\frac{(x^2+4x+4)-(x^2-x-2)}{(x+1)(x+2)}$ = $\frac{x^2+4x+4-x^2+x+2}{(x+1)(x+2)}$
= $\frac{5x+6}{(x+1)(x+2)}$

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Prime numbers between 1 and 6 are 2, 3 and 5
x = 2 + 3
= 5 = 10
H.C.F. of 6, 9, 15 = 3
∴ y = 3
X x y = 10 x 3
= 30

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No of students offering Physics are $\frac{12}{360}$ x 150
= 5

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(m + $\sqrt{3}$)(1 - $\sqrt{3}$)2 = 6 - 2$\sqrt{2}$
(m + $\sqrt{3}$)(4 - 2$\sqrt{3}$) = 6 - 2$\sqrt{2}$
= 6 - 2$\sqrt{3}$
4m - 6 + 4 - 2m$\sqrt{3}$ = 6 - 2$\sqrt{3}$
comparing co-efficients,
4m - 6 = 6.......(i)
4 - 2m = -2.......(ii)
in both equations, m = 3

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$\frac{0.24633}{0.03060}$ multiplying throughout by 100,000
= $\frac{24633}{3060}$
= 8.05
= 8.1

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The volume of the pipe is equal to the area of the cross section and length.
let outer and inner radii be R and r respectively.
Area of the cross section = (R2 - r2)
where R = 6 and r = 6 - 1
= 5cm
Area of the cross section = (62 - 52)$\pi$ = (36 - 25)$\pi$cm sq
vol. of the pipe = $\pi$ (R2 - r2)L where length (L) = 10
volume = 11$\pi$ x 10
= 110$\pi$cm3

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px2 + qx + b = 0
Using almighty formula
$\frac{-b\pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$.........(i)
Where a = p, b = q and c = b
substitute for this value in equation (i)
= $\frac{-q\pm \sqrt{q^2-4bp}}{2p}$

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$\frac{4a^2-49b^2}{2a^2-5ab-7b^2}$ = $\frac{(2a{)}^2-(7b{)}^2}{(a-b)(2a+7b)}$
= $\frac{(2a+7b)(2a-7b)}{(a-b)(2a+7b)}$
= $\frac{2a-7b}{a-b}$

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From the figure, 3x + x - 40${}^{\circ }$ = 180${}^{\circ }$

4x = 180${}^{\circ }$ + 40${}^{\circ }$

4x = 220${}^{\circ }$

x = $\frac{220}{4}$

= 55${}^{\circ }$

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Thickness of an 800 pages book = 18mm to meter
18 x 103m = 1.8 x 10-2m
One leaf = $\frac{1.8\times {10}^{-2}}{800}$
= $\frac{1.8\times {10}^{-2}}{8\times {10}^2}$
= $\frac{-1.8}{8}$ x 10-4
= 0.225 x 10-4
= 2.25 x 10-5m

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If log102 = 0.3010 and log103 = 0.4771,
log104.5 = log10 $\frac{(3\times 3)}{2}$
log103 + log103 - log102 = 0.4771 + 0.4771 - 0.0310
= 0.6532

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1 x 43 + P x 42 + 0 x 4 + 3 = 11510
16p + 67 = 115 p = $\frac{48}{16}$
= 3

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He pays tax on 1 - $\frac{7}{8}$ = $\frac{1}{7}$th of his income
20% is 490, 100% is $\frac{1000}{20}$ x 490, ₦2,450.00
= $\frac{7}{8}$ of his income = ₦2,450.00

$\frac{1}{\frac{7}{8}}$ x 2450
= $\frac{8\times 2450}{7}$
= $\frac{19600}{7}$
= ₦2800.00

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for a regular polygon to be possible, it must have all sides angles equal. $\frac{360}{18}$ = 20 sides and $\frac{360}{15}$ = 24 sides
(ii) and (iii) are right

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In the figure PS = RS = QS, they will have equal base QR = RP

In angle SQR, angle S = 50O

In angle QRP, 65 + 65 = 130O

Since RQP = angle RPQ = $\frac{180-130}{2}$

= $\frac{50}{2}={25}^o$

QPR = 25O

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From the figure, PS = QR = YT = 7cm

Area of parallelogram PQRS = 56cm

56 = base x height, where base = 7

7 x h = 56cm,

h = $\frac{56}{7}$

= 8cm

Area of trapezium $\frac{1}{2}$ (sum of two sides)x height where two sides are QT and PS but QT = QR + RY + YT = 7 +9 + 7 = 23cm

Area of trapezium PQTS = $\frac{1}{2}$(23 + 7) x 8

$\frac{1}{2}$ x 30 x 8 = 120cmsq