JAMB UTME - Christian Religious Studies - 1990

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The last king of Judah that suffered at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon was Zedekiah. He was the last king of Judah before the Babylonian captivity, which began in 586 BCE. Zedekiah was appointed by Nebuchadnezzar as a puppet king, but he rebelled against Babylonian rule and this led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, and the exile of many Judeans to Babylon. Zedekiah was captured by the Babylonians and had his eyes put out before being taken to Babylon.

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According to the Bible, Manasseh did what was evil in the sight of the Lord because he encouraged idol worship. He set up altars to false gods, including Baal, and practiced divination, which is seeking knowledge from supernatural powers other than God. This went against God's commandment to worship Him alone and resulted in the spread of idolatry among the people of Judah.

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The reason for the first Apostolic Council in Jerusalem was to decide whether circumcision should be required for Gentile converts to Christianity. Some Jewish Christians believed that circumcision was necessary for salvation, while others disagreed. The issue came to a head when some Jewish Christians insisted that Gentile converts be circumcised and follow Jewish customs. This caused tension and conflict within the early Christian community. The Council was called to discuss the matter and come to a decision that would bring unity and clarity to the community.

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The king who reigned in Samaria during the prophecies of Amos and Hosea was Jeroboam II, the son of Joash. He ruled the northern kingdom of Israel from around 793 BC to 753 BC. During his reign, Israel experienced a period of prosperity and military expansion, but also social injustice and moral corruption, which were denounced by the prophets Amos and Hosea.

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The king who built the city of Samaria was Omri. Omri was the father of King Ahab and the founder of the Omride dynasty. He built Samaria, which became the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.

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After Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem, he went to Bethany, a village located on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, about 2 miles east of Jerusalem. Bethany was a place where Jesus had friends, including Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, whom he visited and stayed with for the night. From there, he returned to Jerusalem the next day to teach in the temple and to continue his mission leading up to his crucifixion and resurrection.

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In the Bible, specifically in Acts 17:23, Paul was speaking to the Athenians at the Areopagus and observed that they had an altar dedicated to the "Unknown God". He then proclaimed to them that this God, whom they worship without knowledge, is actually the creator of the world and everything in it. Therefore, the answer is "indeed the creator of all".

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Based on the given description, Jesus was being baptized at the time. This event is described in the Christian Bible in the Gospel of Matthew, chapter 3. John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the River Jordan, and as Jesus was coming out of the water, the Holy Spirit descended upon him in the form of a dove, and a voice from heaven said, "This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased."

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According to the Bible, when someone asked Jesus what they needed to do to inherit eternal life, Jesus told them that they needed to keep the commandments and surrender their wealth. This means that they should follow the laws given by God and let go of their attachment to material possessions. This advice emphasizes the importance of living a moral and ethical life, as well as prioritizing spiritual growth over material gain.

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Samson carried away the doors, posts, and bar of the city gate from a Philistine city called Gaza. Samson was one of the judges of Israel in the Bible, and he had supernatural strength that allowed him to perform amazing feats. One day, he went to Gaza and stayed with a prostitute there. The people of Gaza found out about him and decided to capture him, so they stationed men at the city gate to catch him if he tried to leave. But Samson was very strong, so he simply picked up the gates of the city, with their posts and bar, and carried them away on his shoulders. This was a remarkable display of strength that amazed the people of Gaza and showed that Samson was a man of great power.

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When King Hezekiah received a threatening letter from the Assyrian king, his reaction was to spread the letter before God in the temple and pray. He recognized that the situation was beyond his control and that he needed divine intervention to overcome it. Hezekiah understood the power of prayer and sought God's guidance in the matter. He did not initially turn to his fellow kings for assistance, summon his soldiers to fight the Assyrians, or send for the prophets for advice. Rather, he placed his trust in God and sought His help through prayer.

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After Pharaoh refused to let the Israelites go, he increased their burden by making them work harder and denying them straw to make bricks, which made their work even more difficult. This was his way of punishing them for Moses and Aaron's request that they be allowed to go into the wilderness to worship their God. So, Pharaoh's next action was to intensify the oppression of the Israelites rather than release them.

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This statement, "Put off your shoes from your feet; for the place where you stand is holy," was made at Mount Horeb. Mount Horeb is also known as the "Mountain of God" and is believed to be the place where Moses first spoke to God through the burning bush. In the biblical book of Exodus, chapter 3, Moses was tending to his father-in-law's flock when he saw the burning bush and heard God's voice. God instructed him to take off his sandals because the ground he was standing on was holy. This was a sign of respect and reverence for the presence of God. Therefore, the statement "Put off your shoes from your feet; for the place where you stand is holy" is a command given by God to Moses at Mount Horeb when he appeared to him through the burning bush.

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Pilate delivered Jesus to be crucified because he wished to satisfy the crowd. The Jewish religious leaders brought Jesus to Pilate, accusing Him of claiming to be a king and inciting rebellion against Rome. Pilate questioned Jesus and found Him innocent, but the crowd outside demanded that Jesus be crucified. Pilate was concerned about keeping the peace and avoiding a riot, so he decided to give in to the crowd's demands and handed Jesus over to be crucified.

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The statement "Behold, this child is set for the fall and rising of many in Israel" implies that many Israelites will be affected by the child's actions, causing them to either rise or fall. The child is likely to bring about significant changes that will affect the people of Israel, and these changes will result in different outcomes for different individuals. Therefore, the statement suggests that many Israelites will be saved or doomed, depending on their response to the child and his actions.

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The four promises of God to Abram were land, many descendants, greatness and blessings. This is based on the Biblical account in the book of Genesis, where God makes a covenant with Abram (later called Abraham) and promises to give him a land to possess, make him a great nation with many descendants, make his name great, and bless all the families of the earth through him.

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In the parable of the sower, the seeds that fell on the rock represent people who believed for a short while and later fell away. This is because the seeds that fell on the rock had no depth of soil to take root, so they withered away in the sun. Similarly, some people may hear the word of God and receive it with joy at first, but when they face trials or persecution, they may fall away from their faith. Therefore, the seeds that fell on the rock represent those who have a shallow faith and are easily swayed or discouraged.

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When the Israelites were trapped between Pharaoh's army and the Red Sea, God instructed Moses to stretch out his hand over the sea. This act caused the waters to part, creating a dry path for the Israelites to cross on dry ground. Therefore, the correct answer is to "stretch out his hand over the sea."

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The statement "God has made laughter for me; everyone who hears will laugh over me" was made at the birth of Isaac. Isaac was the son of Abraham and Sarah, and he was born when his parents were very old. The name Isaac means "he will laugh" in Hebrew, which is why Sarah made the statement about laughter when he was born. The story of Isaac's birth is found in the book of Genesis in the Bible.

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James and John caused the other disciples of Jesus to be angry because they asked for a special favor to sit with Jesus in his glory. The other disciples felt upset and jealous that James and John were seeking a higher status than themselves. It made them feel as if James and John were not thinking of the group as a whole, but rather just their own personal gain.

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The people around Jerusalem wanted to assist the returned exiles in rebuilding the temple because they worshipped the same God as the Jews. Additionally, some of them were Jews by descent and shared the same geographical location with the Jews. King Cyrus of Persia had also commanded them to do so.

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On arrival in Rome, Paul first addressed the Jewish Council. Paul was a Jewish rabbi and an apostle of Jesus Christ who was arrested in Jerusalem and transferred to Rome to stand trial before Caesar. Upon arriving in Rome, he called together the leaders of the Jewish community and explained his situation to them, testifying to the truth of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. He hoped to persuade them to believe in Jesus as the Messiah and to join the growing community of believers. However, not all of the Jewish leaders were receptive to his message, and he continued to face opposition from some members of the Jewish community.

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These words were addressed to Joseph and Mary by Jesus. In the Bible, this event is known as the Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple. After the Passover feast, Joseph and Mary left Jerusalem, not realizing that Jesus was not with them. After searching for him for three days, they found him in the temple talking with the teachers, and he uttered these words to them when they expressed their concern. This event is recounted in the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Bible.

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The Sadducees did not believe in the resurrection of the dead. They were a Jewish sect that existed during the Second Temple period and were known for their strict adherence to the written Torah while rejecting the oral traditions and the belief in the resurrection of the dead. They believed that the soul did not survive after death, and therefore, there was no afterlife or resurrection of the dead. The Pharisees, on the other hand, did believe in the resurrection of the dead and the existence of an afterlife.

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The Holy week starts with the triumphal entry. This is when Jesus rode on a donkey and entered Jerusalem while the people waved palm branches and laid them on the ground before him, which is why it's also called Palm Sunday. This event marks the beginning of the Holy Week, which culminates in Easter Sunday. During this week, Jesus celebrated the Last Supper with his disciples, was betrayed by Judas, arrested, tried, crucified, and buried. It is a significant time in the Christian faith and is commemorated by believers around the world.

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When the uproar happened in Jerusalem, the Tribune ordered Paul to be examined by scourging. However, he changed his mind when he discovered that Paul was a Roman citizen. According to the Bible, Paul was a Jew who was also a Roman citizen. As a Roman citizen, he had certain legal rights and protections that non-citizens did not have. One of these rights was the protection against arbitrary punishment, such as flogging, without a fair trial. When the Tribune found out that Paul was a Roman citizen, he was afraid that he would be punished for violating his rights. Therefore, he decided to cancel the scourging and arrange for a proper trial for Paul. This incident shows the importance of legal rights and due process, even in times of social unrest and political turmoil.

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The king who disguised himself when he traveled to Ramoth-gilead was Ahab. Ahab was a king of Israel who reigned during the 9th century BC. According to the Bible, he disguised himself and went into battle at Ramoth-gilead because he wanted to deceive the king of Syria and take the city from him. However, during the battle, an arrow struck Ahab and he eventually died from his injuries.

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The two disciples on the way to Emmaus recognized Jesus at the breaking of bread while at the table. They were walking with Jesus on the road to Emmaus, but they did not recognize Him until He broke bread and blessed it, revealing Himself to them. It was at that moment that their eyes were opened and they recognized that the person with them was Jesus, who had risen from the dead.

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The theme of Amos' prophecies centers on the punishment of evil. In the Bible, Amos was a prophet who warned the people of Israel about God's judgment because of their wickedness and unfaithfulness. He condemned their social injustice, idolatry, and religious hypocrisy, and predicted that God would punish them for their sins. Amos emphasized the importance of repentance and turning back to God before it was too late. Therefore, his message was primarily about the consequences of disobedience to God's laws and the need to seek forgiveness and righteousness.

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According to the biblical account in Numbers 21, in order to stay alive, anyone who was bitten by the fiery serpent had to look at the bronze serpent. God instructed Moses to make a bronze serpent and put it on a pole so that anyone who looked at it after being bitten by a serpent would be healed and not die. So, touching, making, or killing a serpent would not save them, but only looking at the bronze serpent would bring healing and life.

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God addresses Joshua in the above passage. He assures Joshua that just as He was with Moses, He will be with him and will not fail him or forsake him. This passage is found in the book of Joshua chapter 1 verse 5.