JAMB UTME - Chemistry - 2000 | Green Bridge CBT

Vraag 1 Verslag

Potassium vapour burns with a

blue flame

brick-red flame

violet flame Juist antwoord

golden-yellow flame

Antwoorddetails

Potassium vapour burns with a violet flame.

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Oxidation And Reduction

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Vraag 2 Verslag

In which of the following is the oxidation number of sulphur equal to -2?

H2S Juist antwoord

SO 2

SO 32-

Antwoorddetails

The oxidation number of sulfur (S) is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all its bonds to atoms of different elements were completely ionic in nature. To determine the oxidation number of sulfur in each compound given, we need to follow some rules: - The oxidation number of an atom in its free (uncombined) state is zero. - The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to its charge. - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral molecule must be zero. - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a polyatomic ion must equal the charge on the ion. Using these rules, we can find the oxidation number of sulfur in each compound: - In S8, sulfur is in its elemental form, and the oxidation number of each atom is zero. - In H2S, hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of +1, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the molecule is zero. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of -2 to balance out the charge. - In SO2, oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the molecule is zero. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of +4 to balance out the charge. - In SO32-, oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, and the sum of the oxidation numbers in the ion is -2. Therefore, sulfur must have an oxidation number of +4 to balance out the charge. Therefore, the compound in which the oxidation number of sulfur is equal to -2 is H2S.

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Vraag 3 Verslag

The chlorinated alkane often used industrially to remove grease is

tetrachloromethane Juist antwoord

chloromethane

trichloromethane

dichlorometane

Antwoorddetails

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Organic Compounds

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Vraag 4 Verslag

In which order are the following salts sensitive to light?

Agl > AgCl > AgBr

AgCl > Agl > AgBr

AgBr > AgCl > Agl

AgCl > AgBr > Agl Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

The sensitivity of salts to light depends on the stability of their respective silver halide compounds. The stability of these compounds is determined by the size of the halide ion. The larger the halide ion, the less stable the corresponding silver halide compound is. In the given options, the salts are arranged in the order of increasing size of halide ions. Thus, the stability of the corresponding silver halide compounds decreases in the same order. The most stable compound is the one with the smallest halide ion, and the least stable is the one with the largest halide ion. Therefore, the correct order of sensitivity to light for the given salts is: AgCl > AgBr > AgI This is because AgI has the largest halide ion, making its corresponding silver halide compound the least stable and most sensitive to light. On the other hand, AgCl has the smallest halide ion, making its corresponding silver halide compound the most stable and least sensitive to light.

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Acids, Bases And Salts

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Vraag 5 Verslag

A side effect of soft water is that

it gives offensive taste

excess calcium is precipitated

it attacks lead contained in pipes Juist antwoord

it encourage the growth of bacteria

Antwoorddetails

Soft water is water that has a low concentration of dissolved minerals such as calcium and magnesium. A side effect of soft water is that it may attack lead contained in pipes, causing it to dissolve into the water. Lead in drinking water can be harmful to human health, especially in young children and pregnant women. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the quality of the water you consume and take necessary precautions if the water is too soft or has any other potential contaminants.

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Vraag 6 Verslag

The noble gas, argon, is used for

electrical arc welding Juist antwoord

welding brass

underwater welding

steel-welding

Antwoorddetails

Argon is commonly used in welding processes, especially in the form of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. In TIG welding, the arc is maintained between a tungsten electrode and the workpiece while a stream of argon gas is used to shield the weld area from atmospheric gases like nitrogen and oxygen. This prevents oxidation and other contamination of the weld, resulting in a higher-quality, cleaner weld. Therefore, the correct option is "electrical arc welding".

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Vraag 7 Verslag

Water molecules can be liquids especially when they are bonded to

alkaline earth metals

alkali metals

transition metals Juist antwoord

group VII elements

Antwoorddetails

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Water

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Vraag 8 Verslag

A mixture of iodine and sulphur crystals can be separated by treatment with

water to filter off sulphur

carbon (IV) suiphide to filter off iodine Juist antwoord

ethanoic acid to filter off sulphur

methanol to filter off iodine

Antwoorddetails

A mixture of iodine and sulfur crystals can be separated by treatment with carbon (IV) sulfide to filter off iodine. This is because iodine dissolves in carbon (IV) sulfide, while sulfur does not. Therefore, adding carbon (IV) sulfide to the mixture will dissolve the iodine, allowing it to be separated from the sulfur by filtration. Water, ethanoic acid, and methanol would not be effective in separating iodine and sulfur because they do not have the same solvent properties as carbon (IV) sulfide towards iodine.

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Separation Of Mixtures And Purification Of Chemical Substances

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Vraag 9 Verslag

The electron configuration of 22X 2+ ion is

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6

1s2 2s22p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

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Atomic Structure And Bonding

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Vraag 10 Verslag

Which of the following types of bonding does not involve the formation of new substances?

Metallic Juist antwoord

covalent

co-ordinate

electrovalent

Antwoorddetails

Of the types of bonding listed, metallic, covalent, co-ordinate, and electrovalent, metallic bonding is the type of bonding that does not involve the formation of new substances. Metallic bonding occurs between metal atoms, where the outer electrons of each metal atom are delocalized and can move freely throughout the entire metallic crystal. These delocalized electrons are responsible for the characteristic properties of metals, such as high electrical conductivity and luster. However, metallic bonding does not involve the formation of new substances, as the metal atoms are simply held together in a lattice structure by the electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the negatively charged delocalized electrons. In contrast, covalent, co-ordinate, and electrovalent bonding all involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms to form new chemical substances.

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Vraag 11 Verslag

N2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2NO(g); ΔH = + 180.6 kJ mol-1

In the reaction above, increase in temperature will

increase the quantity of N2

increase in the yield of NO Juist antwoord

decrease the yield of NO

decrease the quantity of O2

Antwoorddetails

In the given chemical reaction, the enthalpy change is positive (+180.6 kJ/mol) indicating that the reaction is endothermic, meaning it absorbs heat from the surroundings. According to Le Chatelier's principle, an increase in temperature will favor an endothermic reaction. Therefore, an increase in temperature will increase the yield of NO, which is the product of the reaction. Hence, the correct answer is: "increase in the yield of NO."

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Vraag 12 Verslag

The substance often use for vulcanization of rubber is

chlorine

hydrogen peroxide

sulphur Juist antwoord

tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid

Antwoorddetails

Vulcanization is a chemical process that is used to make rubber stronger and more durable. During vulcanization, the rubber is treated with a chemical agent that causes it to cross-link and form a stronger network. This process can improve the strength, durability, and elasticity of the rubber. The options given are all chemicals, but only one option is commonly used as the substance for vulcanization of rubber. The substance that is often used for vulcanization of rubber is sulfur. When sulfur is added to raw rubber and the mixture is heated, the sulfur molecules cross-link with the rubber molecules, creating a stronger and more durable material. This process is known as vulcanization and it has revolutionized the rubber industry, allowing for the creation of many new and useful rubber products.

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Acids, Bases And Salts

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Vraag 13 Verslag

The diagram above is the solubility curve of a solute, X. Find the amount of X deposited when 500cm3 of a solution of X is cooled from 60oC to 20oC.

0.750 mole Juist antwoord

0.950 mole

2.375 moles

4.750 moles

Antwoorddetails

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Solubility

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Vraag 14 Verslag

Hydration of ions in solution is associated with

absorption of heat

reduction of heat

conduction of heat

liberation of heat Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

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Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Vraag 15 Verslag

The least easily oxidized of the metals below is

Al Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

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Metals And Their Compounds

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Vraag 16 Verslag

The reaction of carbide with water gives

ethyne Juist antwoord

ethene

ethane

ethanal

Antwoorddetails

The reaction of carbide (calcium carbide) with water gives ethyne (also known as acetylene). This reaction is an example of an acid-base reaction, where the carbide acts as a base and water acts as an acid. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 The ethyne gas produced in this reaction is widely used as a fuel for welding and cutting metals, as well as for other industrial applications.

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Vraag 17 Verslag

50cm of carbon (II) oxide exploded with 150cm\(^{3}\) of air containing 20% oxygen by volume. Which of the reactants was in excess?

carbon (II) oxide

carbon (IV) oxide

oxygen Juist antwoord

nitrogen

Antwoorddetails

2CO + O

_{2}

\to

2CO

_{2}

50cm

^{3}

\to

25cm

^{3}

20%

\times

150cm

^{3}

30cm

^{3}

is the volume of oxygen available for the reactions.
But only 25cm

^{3}

is required, therefore O

_{2}

is in excess.

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Vraag 18 Verslag

The partial pressure of oxygen in a sample of air is 452mmHg and the total pressure is 780mmHg. What is the mole fraction of oxygen?

0.203

0.579 Juist antwoord

2.060

5.790

Antwoorddetails

The mole fraction of oxygen can be calculated using the formula: Mole fraction of oxygen = Partial pressure of oxygen / Total pressure Plugging in the given values, we get: Mole fraction of oxygen = 452mmHg / 780mmHg Simplifying this fraction gives us: Mole fraction of oxygen = 0.579 Therefore, the correct option is: 0.579 This means that about 57.9% of the total pressure of the air sample is due to oxygen molecules.

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Vraag 19 Verslag

The repeating unit in natural rubber is

alkyne

isoprene Juist antwoord

n-propene

peoprene

Antwoorddetails

The repeating unit in natural rubber is isoprene. Natural rubber is a polymer made up of repeating units of the monomer isoprene. Isoprene has a molecular formula of C5H8 and a structure that contains a double bond, which allows it to form long chains through a process called polymerization. These chains then link together to form the rubbery material that we know as natural rubber.

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Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only)

Organic Compounds

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Vraag 20 Verslag

Haematite is an ore of

zinc

lead

iron Juist antwoord

copper

Antwoorddetails

Haematite is an ore of iron. It is a mineral form of iron oxide, with a chemical formula of Fe2O3. Haematite is one of the most important sources of iron for manufacturing iron and steel products. When heated with coke (a form of coal), haematite releases oxygen and forms iron, which is then used to produce various steel and iron products.

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Metals And Their Compounds

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Vraag 21 Verslag

Which of the following compounds is composed of Al, Si, O and H?

Epson salt

Limestone

Clay Juist antwoord

Urea

Antwoorddetails

The compound composed of Al, Si, O and H is clay. Clay is a mineral that is primarily composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and various impurities such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, or iron. The chemical formula of clay is typically expressed as Al₂O₃•2SiO₂•2H₂O, indicating the presence of aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and water in its composition. Therefore, the correct option is "Clay".

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Chemical Combination

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Vraag 22 Verslag

Alkanones are generally obtained by the oxidation of

primary alkanols

secondary alkanols Juist antwoord

tertiary alkanols

alkanoic acid

Antwoorddetails

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Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Nigeria Only)

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Vraag 23 Verslag

Given that M is the mass of substance deposited in an electrolysis and Q the quantity of electricity consumed, then Faraday's law can be written as

M = Z/Q

M = Q/Z

M = Z/2Q

M = QZ Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

Faraday's law states that the amount of substance deposited in an electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity consumed (Q). Mathematically, this can be expressed as M = ZQ, where M is the mass of substance deposited and Z is the electrochemical equivalent, a constant that depends on the substance being electrolyzed. Therefore, the correct option is "M = ZQ".

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Electrolysis

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Vraag 24 Verslag

The fundamental difference between the three states of matter is the

shape of their particles

number of particles in each state Juist antwoord

shape of the container they occupy

degree movement of their particles

Antwoorddetails

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Vraag 25 Verslag

0.46g of ethanol when burned raised the temperature of 50g of water by 14.3K. Calculate the heat of combustion of ethanol.

[C = 12, O = 16, H = 1, Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 jg-1K-1]

+3000 KJ mol-1

+300 KJ mol-1

-300 KJ mol-1 Juist antwoord

-3000 KJ mol-1

Antwoorddetails

Heat, = -M C Q
= -50 * 4.2 * 14.3
= -300 KJ mol-1

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Vraag 26 Verslag

The shapes of CO\( _2 \), H\( _2 \)O and CH\( _4 \) respectively are

bent, linear and tetrahedral

bent, tetrahedral and linear

linear, bent and tetrahedral Juist antwoord

tetrahedral, linear and bent

Antwoorddetails

The shape of a molecule is determined by the arrangement of its atoms in space. The arrangement of atoms is influenced by the number of bonded electron pairs and the number of non-bonded electron pairs around the central atom. Based on this information, the shapes of the molecules are: - CO2: linear - H2O: bent - CH4: tetrahedral Therefore, the correct answer is bent, tetrahedral, and linear, respectively.

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Chemistry Of Carbon Compounds (Ghana Only)

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Vraag 27 Verslag

A common characteristics of copper and silver in their usage as coinage metals is that they

have high metallic lustre

are not easily oxidized Juist antwoord

are easily oxidized

are not easil reduced

Antwoorddetails

The correct option is: "are not easily oxidized." Copper and silver are commonly used as coinage metals because they are both relatively unreactive and do not easily corrode or oxidize. This makes them a good choice for coins, as they will not deteriorate or lose their value due to exposure to the air or other elements over time.

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Metals And Their Compounds

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Vraag 28 Verslag

The distance between the nuclei of chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule is 0.194nm. The atomic radius of chlorine atom is

0.097nm Juist antwoord

0.914nm

0.388nm

2.388nm

Antwoorddetails

The atomic radius of an atom is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are bonded together. In this case, we know that the distance between the nuclei of chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule is 0.194nm. Since this is the distance between the two nuclei, we can find the atomic radius of chlorine by dividing this distance by 2. 0.194nm ÷ 2 = 0.097nm Therefore, the atomic radius of a chlorine atom is 0.097nm. Answer: 0.097nm

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Atomic Structure And Bonding

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Vraag 29 Verslag

The knowledge of half-life can be used to

create an element

detect an element Juist antwoord

spilt an element

irradiate an element

Antwoorddetails

The knowledge of half-life can be used to detect an element. Half-life is the time taken for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. Since each radioactive element has a unique half-life, scientists can use the knowledge of half-life to determine which elements are present in a sample. By measuring the amount of radioactivity in a sample over time, they can determine the half-life of the element and identify it. Therefore, option "detect an element" is correct.

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Vraag 30 Verslag

HCL(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

In the reaction above, Cl-(aq) is the

conjugate acid

acid

conjugate base Juist antwoord

base

Antwoorddetails

In the given reaction, HCl donates a proton (H+) to H2O to form H3O+ and Cl-. The species that accepts the proton is the base, which in this case is water (H2O). The species that donates the proton is the acid, which in this case is HCl. The conjugate base is the remaining species after the acid has donated the proton, which is Cl- in this reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is "conjugate base".

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Vraag 31 Verslag

The air pollutant unknown in nature is

HCHO Juist antwoord

DDT

Antwoorddetails

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Environmental Pollution

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Vraag 32 Verslag

Powdered marble reacts faster with hydrochloric acid solution than the granular form because the powdered form has

more molecules

more atoms

larger surface area Juist antwoord

relatively large mass

Antwoorddetails

The correct answer is that powdered marble has a larger surface area. This is because the powdered form has smaller particle sizes and, therefore, a greater surface area per unit mass. This greater surface area allows for a greater number of collisions between the particles of marble and the hydrochloric acid solution, leading to a faster reaction.

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Vraag 33 Verslag

Sieving is a technique used to separate mixtures containing solid particles of

small sizes

large sizes

different sizes Juist antwoord

the same size

Antwoorddetails

Sieving is a method that is commonly used to separate mixtures that contain solid particles of different sizes. The mixture is poured through a sieve, which is a device with a mesh or a net. The smaller particles that can pass through the mesh or net will fall through, while the larger particles will be left on top. Therefore, sieving is used to separate solid particles that are of different sizes.

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Vraag 34 Verslag

Use the option above to answer this question. The graph that describes a zero order reaction is

B Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

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Vraag 35 Verslag

MnO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + Y → Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)

Y in the equation above represents

2e-

3e-

5e- Juist antwoord

7e-

Antwoorddetails

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Vraag 36 Verslag

The pOH of a solution of 0.25 mol dm-3 of hydrochloric acid is

12.40

13.40 Juist antwoord

14.40

14.60

Antwoorddetails

pOH = -log [2.5 * 10-1]
= -log[-0.3979 + 1]
= 13.40

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Vraag 37 Verslag

Which of the following statements is correct about the periodic table?

elements in the same period have the same number of valence electrons Juist antwoord

the valence electrons of the elements in the same period increase progressively 'across the period

elements in the same group have the same number of electron shell

the non-metallic properties of the elements tend to decrease across each period

Antwoorddetails

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Vraag 38 Verslag

The compound above is an

ether

ester Juist antwoord

alkanal

alkanol

Antwoorddetails

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Periodic Chemistry (Ghana Only)

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Vraag 39 Verslag

The conditions necessary for the extraction of a water molecule from two molecules of ethanol are

less acid and lower temperature

excess acid and a lower temperature

excess acid and a higher temperature Juist antwoord

less acid and a higher temperature

Antwoorddetails

The conditions necessary for the extraction of a water molecule from two molecules of ethanol are excess acid and a higher temperature. This process is known as dehydration, where water is removed from a molecule or compound. In the case of ethanol, excess acid (usually concentrated sulfuric acid) acts as a catalyst to remove a water molecule (H2O) from two ethanol molecules (C2H5OH), leaving behind ethene (C2H4). The excess acid helps to facilitate the reaction by providing an acidic medium, while the higher temperature helps to break the bond between the two molecules and make the reaction more efficient. Less acid and lower temperature would not be as effective in extracting the water molecule, while excess acid and a lower temperature could slow down or inhibit the reaction altogether.

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Vraag 40 Verslag

The ratio of the initial to the final pressure of a given mass of gas is 1:1.5. Calculate the final volume of the gas if the initial volume was \(3000\text{cm}^3\) at the same temperature

120cm

^{3}

200cm

^{3}

Juist antwoord

450cm

^{3}

750cm

^{3}

Antwoorddetails

The problem involves using Boyle's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature. Mathematically, P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, respectively, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively. Given the ratio of the initial to final pressure as 1:1.5, we can assume that the final pressure is 1.5 times the initial pressure. Therefore, P2 = 1.5 * P1. Using the formula P1V1 = P2V2 and substituting the known values, we get: P1 * 3000 = (1.5 * P1) * V2 Simplifying the equation, we get: V2 = (P1 * V1) / (1.5 * P1) = 2000cm3 Therefore, the final volume of the gas is 2000cm3. So the answer is 200cm3.

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Solubility

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Vraag 41 Verslag

A gas that is not associated with global warming is

CO2 Juist antwoord

SO3

CH4

Antwoorddetails

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Vraag 42 Verslag

How many moles of HCl will be required to react with potassium heptaoxodichromate (VI) to produce 3 moles of chlorine?

14 Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

_{2}

_{2}

_{7}

+ 14HCl

\to

2CrO

_{13}

+ 2KCl + 3C

_{2}

+ 7H

_{2}

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Vraag 43 Verslag

Sucrose is made up of

glucose and glucose

glucose and fructose Juist antwoord

fructose and fructose

galactose and glucose

Antwoorddetails

Sucrose is a type of sugar that is commonly found in many foods. It is made up of two simple sugar molecules, which are bonded together through a glycosidic bond. The options given are all possible simple sugar molecules, but only one option represents the correct combination of sugar molecules that make up sucrose. Sucrose is made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Glucose and fructose are both monosaccharides, which are simple sugar molecules that cannot be broken down into simpler sugars. When glucose and fructose are combined through a glycosidic bond, they form a disaccharide called sucrose. Sucrose is commonly found in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and processed foods like candy and baked goods.

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Vraag 44 Verslag

The refreshing and characteristic taste of soda water and other soft drinks is as a result of the presence in them of

carbon (IV) oxide Juist antwoord

carbon (II) oxide

soda

glucose

Antwoorddetails

The refreshing and characteristic taste of soda water and other soft drinks is due to the presence of carbon dioxide gas, which is also known as carbon (IV) oxide. When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, which gives the drinks their slightly acidic taste. The carbon dioxide gas also creates the fizz or bubbles in the drink, which adds to its refreshing quality. Therefore, carbon (IV) oxide, is the correct answer. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not responsible for the taste of soda water and soft drinks.

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Acids, Bases And Salts (Nigeria Only)

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Vraag 45 Verslag

For a reaction in equilibrium, the species involved in the equilibrium constant expression are

gaseous and solid species

liquid and solid species

solid and dissolved species

gaseous and dissolved species Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

The equilibrium constant expression is used to calculate the equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction. The species involved in the expression are those that are in a state of equilibrium, which means they are in constant flux between reactants and products. In order to calculate the equilibrium constant, we need to know the concentrations of the reactants and products in the equilibrium state. Therefore, the species involved in the equilibrium constant expression depend on the state of the reactants and products. Among the options given, the correct answer is the last one: gaseous and dissolved species. This is because when a reaction involves gaseous and dissolved species, their concentrations can change during the reaction, and therefore they need to be included in the equilibrium constant expression. Solid and liquid species, on the other hand, have a fixed concentration during the reaction, and so they are not included in the equilibrium constant expression.

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Lees lesnotitie op Chemical Equilibria (JAMB)

Chemical Kinetics And Equilibrium Systems (Ghana Only)

Chemical Equilibria

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Vraag 46 Verslag

Synthesis gas is a mixture of

CH4 and H2O

CH4 and H2

CO2 and H2

CO and H2 Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2). Therefore, the correct option is "CO and H2".

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Vraag 47 Verslag

(1/2)Zn2+(aq) + e- → (1/2) Zn(s)

In the reaction above, calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc.

[F = 96 500 C mol-1]

0.965 * 104C

4.820 * 104C

9.650 * 104C Juist antwoord

48.200 * 104C

Antwoorddetails

The quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc can be calculated using Faraday's law, which states that one mole of electrons carries a charge of 96,500 Coulombs. The given chemical equation shows that the reduction of 1 mole of Zn2+ requires the gain of 2 electrons (1/2 Zn2+ + e- → 1/2 Zn). Therefore, to discharge 1 mole of Zn2+, 2 moles of electrons are needed. Using Faraday's law, we can calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge 1 mole of Zn2+: 1 mole of Zn2+ requires 2 * 96,500 C = 193,000 C Therefore, to calculate the quantity of electricity required to discharge zinc from the given half-reaction, we need to divide 193,000 C by 2 (since the reaction involves half-moles of Zn2+): Quantity of electricity required = 193,000 C / 2 = 96,500 C Comparing this value with the options given, we can see that the correct answer is: 9.650 * 104 C This matches the value of Faraday's constant, which was given in the question.

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Electrolysis

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Vraag 48 Verslag

1.0 dm3 of distilled water was used to wash 2.0g of a precipitate of AgCl. If the solubility product of AgCl is 2.0 * 10-10mol2dm-6, what quantity of silver was lost in the process?

2.029 * 10-3mol dm-3

1.414 * 10-3mol dm-3

2.029 * 10-5mol dm-3

1.414 * 10-5mol dm-3 Juist antwoord

Antwoorddetails

When solid AgCl is mixed with water, it partially dissolves and reaches equilibrium according to the following equation: AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) The solubility product (Ksp) expression for this equilibrium is: Ksp = [Ag⁺][Cl⁻] Given that the solubility product (Ksp) of AgCl is 2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol² dm⁻⁶, we can use this value and the initial volume of water (1.0 dm³) to calculate the maximum amount of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ that can dissolve before reaching equilibrium. Let x be the molar solubility of AgCl, which is also equal to the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions that dissolve. Then, at equilibrium: [Ag⁺] = [Cl⁻] = x Substituting these into the Ksp expression, we have: Ksp = x² Solving for x, we get: x = √Ksp = √(2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol² dm⁻⁶) = 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³ This means that at equilibrium, the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in the solution is 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³. Now, we can use the volume of water and the concentration of Ag⁺ and Cl⁻ ions to calculate the total amount of AgCl that can dissolve: (1.0 dm³) × (1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³) = 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol AgCl This is the maximum amount of AgCl that can dissolve in 1.0 dm³ of water. However, in the given problem, only 2.0 g of AgCl is used, which is equivalent to: (2.0 g) / (143.32 g/mol) = 0.01395 mol AgCl Since this amount is larger than the maximum amount that can dissolve in 1.0 dm³ of water, all of the AgCl will dissolve and none will be lost in the process. Therefore, the answer is option (D) 1.414 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³

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Kinetic Theory Of Matter And Gas Laws

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Vraag 49 Verslag

Unsaturated organic compounds are identified by decolourization of

silver bromine and potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solutions

bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution Juist antwoord

silver bromide solution and bromine water

bromine water and alkaline potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution

Antwoorddetails

The decolourization of bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution is used to identify unsaturated organic compounds. When bromine water is added to an unsaturated organic compound, the brown color of bromine is decolorized due to the addition of bromine across the C=C double bond in the unsaturated compound. Similarly, when acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution is added to an unsaturated organic compound, the purple color of the solution is also decolorized due to the addition of the potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) across the C=C double bond in the unsaturated compound. The decolorization of both these solutions is due to the reaction with unsaturated organic compounds, which is a characteristic test used to identify them. Therefore, the correct option is "bromine water and acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution".

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Acids, Bases And Salts

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Vraag 50 Verslag

A phenomenon where an element exist in different forms in the same physical state is known as

isomerism

amorphism

allotropy Juist antwoord

isotopy

Antwoorddetails

The phenomenon where an element exists in different forms in the same physical state is known as "allotropy." Allotropy is a property of some chemical elements where they exist in two or more different physical forms, which are called allotropes. These allotropes can have different properties, such as different colors, densities, and crystal structures, but they consist of the same type of atoms. Isomerism refers to the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Amorphism refers to the lack of long-range order in a material, while isotopy refers to the existence of different isotopes of an element with different numbers of neutrons.

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Rates Of Chemical Reaction

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