WAEC SSCE - Catering Craft Practice - 2021

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The application of moist heat on starch grains results in "gelatinization". Starch is a carbohydrate found in many foods such as potatoes, rice, and wheat. When starch is heated in the presence of water, the starch granules absorb water and swell up, causing the granules to burst and release the starch molecules. This process is known as "gelatinization". Gelatinization is an important process in cooking, as it helps to thicken sauces, soups, and other dishes. It also affects the texture of foods, making them softer and more palatable. The other options provided - caramelization, dextrinization, and coagulation - all refer to different chemical processes that can occur when food is heated, but they do not specifically relate to starch. Therefore, the application of moist heat on starch grains results in "gelatinization".

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The main purpose of a thermostat in a refrigerator is to control the temperature. A thermostat is a device that regulates temperature by controlling a heating or cooling system. In a refrigerator, the thermostat is used to maintain a consistent and safe temperature range for the stored food and drinks. The thermostat works by sensing the temperature inside the refrigerator and turning the compressor on or off to maintain the desired temperature range. For example, if the temperature inside the refrigerator rises above the desired range, the thermostat will signal the compressor to turn on and start cooling the air. Once the temperature falls back within the desired range, the thermostat will signal the compressor to turn off. By regulating the temperature inside the refrigerator, the thermostat helps to preserve the quality and freshness of the food and drinks. If the temperature is too warm, bacteria can grow and spoil the food. If the temperature is too cold, the food can freeze or become damaged. Therefore, a properly functioning thermostat is essential for the proper operation of a refrigerator. The thermostat does not have any role in retaining ice, regulating air or keeping the light on in a refrigerator.

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A type of menu that has a fixed number of courses is referred to as a "table d'hote" menu. This means that the restaurant offers a set number of courses for a fixed price, usually including an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert. This type of menu is often used in fine dining restaurants or for special events. Customers can choose from a selection of dishes within each course, but they cannot order items outside of the set menu. The benefit of this type of menu is that it provides customers with a complete dining experience, while also allowing the restaurant to control the cost and quality of the food that is served.

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An example of a large fixed equipment in the kitchen is a hot cupboard. A hot cupboard is a large, stationary piece of kitchen equipment that is used to keep food warm. It typically has shelves or compartments for holding plates or platters of food, and is heated using electricity or gas. The hot cupboard is designed to maintain a consistent temperature, allowing food to stay warm and ready to serve for a longer period of time. This makes it a useful piece of equipment for caterers, restaurants, and other food service establishments that need to keep large quantities of food warm and ready to serve. In contrast, a cooking pan, chopping board, and deep fryer are all smaller, portable pieces of kitchen equipment that are used for specific cooking tasks. The cooking pan is used for cooking on a stove or in an oven, the chopping board is used for cutting and preparing food, and the deep fryer is used for deep frying food.

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A catering service where food and beverage provision is restricted to members only is called club catering. Club catering refers to a catering service provided for members of a private club, such as a sports club, social club, or country club. In these clubs, food and beverages are typically provided for members and their guests in a designated dining area, and are not available to the general public. The menu and quality of food and beverages offered through club catering can vary depending on the type of club, but the focus is usually on providing high-quality, exclusive dining experiences for members. In contrast, industrial catering refers to catering services provided for industrial or workplace settings, such as factories, mines, or construction sites. Ship catering refers to catering services provided on board ships and boats, such as cruise ships or yachts. Airline catering refers to catering services provided on board commercial airlines.

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To find the selling price of the dish, we need to add the desired gross profit to the cost of the dish. If the cost of the dish is ₦1,200 and the desired gross profit is 40%, then the gross profit amount would be: Gross Profit = 40% of ₦1,200 Gross Profit = 0.4 x ₦1,200 Gross Profit = ₦480 To maintain a 40% gross profit, we need to add this amount to the cost of the dish: Selling Price = Cost + Gross Profit Selling Price = ₦1,200 + ₦480 Selling Price = ₦1,680 Therefore, the dish must be sold at ₦1,680 to maintain a 40% gross profit. So the option that shows the selling price of ₦1,680 is the correct answer.

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The main function of a bain marie is to keep foods hot. A bain marie, also known as a double boiler, is a cooking tool that consists of two nested pans. The bottom pan is filled with water and the top pan sits on top of the water. The heat from the water in the bottom pan gently warms the food in the top pan, helping to keep it at a consistent temperature without overcooking or burning it. Bain maries are commonly used in the restaurant industry to keep sauces, soups, and other foods hot and ready to serve. They are also used in baking to gently melt chocolate or to make delicate sauces that require precise temperature control. Therefore, the main function of a bain marie is to keep foods hot.

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The ideal bar equipment for combining ingredients that will not blend by stirring is a cocktail shaker. A cocktail shaker is a container used to mix drinks by shaking them with ice. It is typically made of metal, has a lid that fits tightly over the top, and contains a built-in strainer to separate the liquid from the ice and any solid ingredients that were added. When you shake a cocktail in a shaker, the liquid ingredients mix together and the ice helps to dilute and chill the drink. This method of mixing is particularly useful when the ingredients are thick or viscous, or when you want to incorporate air into the drink to create a frothy texture. On the other hand, a mixing glass is used for stirring ingredients together rather than shaking, and it typically doesn't have a strainer built in. A hawthorn strainer is a separate tool used to strain the liquid from the mixing glass after stirring. While a Boston shaker can also be used for shaking drinks, it typically requires a separate strainer to strain the liquid from the shaker after shaking. Therefore, the cocktail shaker is the best option when you need to combine ingredients that won't blend by stirring.

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Unwanted particles in dry flour can be removed with a sieve. A sieve is a tool with a mesh bottom used to separate solids from liquids or small particles from larger ones. In cooking, sieves are often used to sift flour, sugar, or other dry ingredients to remove lumps and other impurities. By passing the dry flour through the mesh of the sieve, any unwanted particles can be filtered out, resulting in a smoother and finer texture.

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A table accompaniment is an item that is placed on a dining table to accompany or complement a meal. Out of the options provided, the table accompaniment is the milk jug. A milk jug is a small container that is typically used to hold and pour milk to be added to tea or coffee. It's often provided as an accompaniment to breakfast or brunch meals. A port glass is a type of wine glass that is used to serve port wine, which is a dessert wine. An ashtray is used to hold ash and cigarette butts for smokers. A fish fork is a type of fork that is designed with a shorter and wider tine to make it easier to separate the flesh of fish from its bones. However, while a fish fork can be used to complement a fish dish, it is not considered a table accompaniment as it is typically part of the table setting.

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The concentrated sweet fruit flavoring beverage that is not used as a drink is called syrup. Syrup is a thick and sticky liquid made by boiling sugar and water together, often with added fruit flavors, spices or herbs. It can be used to flavor food or drinks, such as pancakes or cocktails, but it is not usually consumed on its own. Syrup can be made with a variety of flavors, including fruit flavors like raspberry, blueberry, or cherry. It can also be made with other flavors like vanilla or caramel. The concentrated nature of syrup means that a little goes a long way in terms of adding flavor to food or drinks.

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The importance of the menu is for the guests to be aware of food allergies. A menu typically lists the ingredients used in each dish, which helps guests with food allergies or intolerances to identify dishes that are safe for them to eat. This is important to ensure that guests do not consume food that may trigger an allergic reaction or cause discomfort. By providing this information, the menu enables guests to make informed choices about what they eat, which contributes to their overall satisfaction with the dining experience.

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The multiplication of kitchen pests is encouraged by "food waste lying around". When food waste is left lying around, it provides a source of food for pests such as cockroaches, ants, and rodents, which can lead to an infestation. Therefore, it is important to dispose of food waste properly and keep the kitchen clean to prevent pests from multiplying.

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Cutlery would be laid at the beginning of each course in the "à la carte" and "table d'hôte" services. In an à la carte service, guests order individual dishes from a menu. Each dish is served separately, so the cutlery is laid out at the beginning of each course to accommodate the specific utensils needed for each dish. In a table d'hôte service, guests are offered a set menu with a predetermined number of courses. Like in an à la carte service, the cutlery is laid out at the beginning of each course to correspond with the utensils needed for that particular dish. In a Continental breakfast, typically served in European hotels, guests are usually offered a simple meal of bread, pastries, cold cuts, cheese, and beverages. As the breakfast is self-service, guests will typically collect the required cutlery and dishes from a central area and bring them back to their table. In a buffet breakfast, guests serve themselves from a variety of hot and cold dishes laid out on a buffet table. As with a Continental breakfast, guests will typically collect the required cutlery and dishes from a central area and bring them back to their table. However, in some cases, cutlery may already be laid out at each table.

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A kitchen sink is a crucial part of a kitchen and its durability is important to consider. Stainless steel is the most suitable material for a kitchen sink as it is durable, resistant to stains and corrosion, and easy to clean. Ceramic and aluminum sinks are also durable, but they may not be as resistant to scratches and stains as stainless steel. Wrought iron is not a suitable material for a kitchen sink as it can rust easily, and it is heavy and difficult to clean. Therefore, for durability, a kitchen sink should be made from stainless steel.

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Out of the breakfast menu options given, the one in which the service of fish and beef is most appropriate is the Full Breakfast. The Full Breakfast menu typically includes a wide variety of dishes that can include eggs, bacon, sausages, toast, beans, mushrooms, and grilled tomatoes. This menu is usually served in hotels and restaurants and is a hearty meal that can keep a person full for a long time. The inclusion of fish and beef in this menu is appropriate because it offers a range of protein options to customers. Fish is a popular breakfast option in many cultures and can be served in the form of smoked salmon or kippers. Beef can be served in the form of sausages or steak. Both fish and beef are excellent sources of protein and can help keep customers feeling full and satisfied for a long time. In conclusion, the Full Breakfast menu is the most appropriate option to serve fish and beef. This menu offers a variety of dishes and protein options, making it a popular choice for many customers who are looking for a hearty breakfast meal.

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The appropriate combination for a vegan is IV only, which is beans cake with porridge. This is because the other options all contain animal products. Option I is egg sauce, option II is fish stew, and option III is cheese stew, all of which are not suitable for a vegan diet. Beans cake with porridge is a vegan-friendly dish that is made from beans and can be enjoyed with a variety of porridges that do not contain any animal products. Therefore, IV only is the correct answer for a vegan.

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The function of a vegetable salad in a main dish is as "a garnish." A garnish is a decorative addition to a dish that serves both an aesthetic and functional purpose. Vegetable salad is often used as a garnish in main dishes to add color, texture, and flavor to the plate. While it may not be the main component of the dish, it still contributes to the overall presentation and taste of the meal.

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A lacto-ovo-vegetarian is someone who does not eat meat, poultry, or fish, but does eat dairy products and eggs. Option I and IV are suitable for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian because they do not contain any meat or fish. Option III is also suitable because it contains cheese, which is a dairy product. Option II is not suitable because it contains fish. So, a combination of I, III, and IV is suitable for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

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In order to retain the color of vegetables before freezing, they should be "blanched." Blanched means that the vegetables are briefly boiled in water or steamed and then immediately cooled in ice water. This process stops the cooking process and helps to retain the color, flavor, and nutrients of the vegetables. When vegetables are frozen without being blanched, they can become discolored and lose some of their flavor and nutrients. Blanching is a simple and effective way to preserve the quality of vegetables before freezing.

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The reason food handlers should keep their hair covered is to maintain hygiene rules. Hair can easily fall into food and contaminate it, which can cause health problems for customers. By keeping their hair covered, food handlers can prevent this contamination and ensure that the food served to customers is safe and clean.

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The diagram is an example of a safety sign. Safety signs are used to indicate potential hazards and provide information about safety measures that should be taken to prevent accidents or injuries. In this specific example, the sign depicts an image of a person wearing a hard hat, which is commonly associated with construction sites and other areas where there is a risk of falling objects or head injuries. The text below the image reinforces the message by indicating that hard hats must be worn in this area. Therefore, the diagram serves as a clear visual reminder of the need to take appropriate safety precautions in the specified location.

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A stimulant served to customers during a meal to cleanse the palate and refresh the taste buds is called a sorbet. It is a frozen dessert, typically made from fruit juice or syrup, water, and sugar, and it is served between courses to help refresh the palate and prepare the taste buds for the next course. Sorbets are often served in small portions and can have a variety of flavors, including lemon, raspberry, and mango.

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In catering craft practice, "hospitality" entails a "cordial reception." Hospitality refers to the friendly and welcoming treatment of guests or customers in a setting such as a restaurant or hotel. A cordial reception is a warm and friendly greeting that makes customers feel welcome and valued. In the context of catering, hospitality encompasses all aspects of the customer experience, including the service, food, and atmosphere of the establishment. However, a cordial reception is the key element of hospitality in the sense that it sets the tone for the entire experience and makes the customer feel comfortable and appreciated.

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The first place a guest enters in a hotel is the foyer. The foyer is the entrance hall or lobby of a hotel where guests are welcomed and greeted by the receptionist. It is usually a large and spacious area where guests can check in, relax, and wait for their rooms to be prepared. The foyer also serves as a meeting point for guests and visitors, and it may have facilities such as seating areas, a concierge desk, luggage storage, and information kiosks.

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(a) The use of each of the following items on a dining table are:

• Place card: A place card is used to indicate where a guest should sit at a table, and can also be used to show the guest's name or seating assignment.
• Wine list: A wine list is a menu or list of wines that are available for purchase at a restaurant or event, and typically includes information about the type, origin, and price of each wine.
• Napkin: A napkin is a piece of cloth or paper used to protect clothing and wipe the mouth and hands while eating.

(b) The two classes of table service are:

1. English/Plated service: Food is pre-plated in the kitchen and served to guests by the server.
2. American/Family-style service: Food is placed in serving dishes on the table, and guests serve themselves.

An example of American/Family-style service is a buffet, where guests can serve themselves from a variety of dishes placed on a table or counter.

(c) Two types of spoons used in the service area are:

1. Soup spoon: A large, round spoon used for eating soup or other liquid-based dishes.
2. Dessert spoon: A smaller spoon than a soup spoon, used for eating dessert, such as ice cream or cake. It is often accompanied by a fork and placed above the plate in a formal table setting.

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(a) Three moist methods of cooking are:

1. Boiling: This involves cooking food in boiling water or liquid until it is tender.
2. Steaming: This involves cooking food by placing it in a steamer or on a perforated plate above boiling water, allowing the steam to cook the food.
3. Stewing: This involves cooking food in a small amount of liquid over low heat for a long time until it is tender.

(b) Five general rules to observe while frying are:

1. Use the right oil: Choose an oil with a high smoke point, such as vegetable oil or canola oil.
2. Use the right temperature: Heat the oil to the right temperature for the food you are frying. Too hot or too cold oil can affect the quality of the food.
3. Dry the food: Pat the food dry with a paper towel before frying to avoid splattering.
4. Don't overcrowd the pan: Fry in small batches to avoid overcrowding the pan, which can lower the oil temperature and make the food soggy.
5. Drain the food: Once the food is fried, drain it on a paper towel to remove excess oil.

These general rules help ensure that your fried food turns out crispy and delicious.

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(a) The type of menu illustrated in the diagram appears to be a table d'hote menu.

(b) Three characteristics of a table d'hote menu are:

(i) It offers a limited selection of dishes at a fixed price.

(ii) The dishes offered are typically grouped into courses, such as appetizers, entrees, and desserts.

(iii) Customers are required to select a complete meal, typically consisting of several courses, rather than ordering individual dishes.

(c) Two methods of cooking that may be used in the menu are:

(i) Grilling - Grilling is a cooking method that involves cooking food over an open flame or hot coals. This method is often used for dishes such as grilled chicken or grilled fish, which may be featured on a table d'hote menu.

(ii) Roasting - Roasting involves cooking food, such as meat or vegetables, in an oven at a high temperature. This method can result in a crispy exterior and tender interior, and is often used for dishes such as roasted beef or roasted root vegetables.

(d) Two food nutrients that can be sourced from the menu are:

(i) Protein - Many dishes on a table d'hote menu, such as meat or fish entrees, are rich in protein, which is an essential nutrient for building and repairing body tissues.

(ii) Vitamins and minerals - Depending on the specific dishes offered, a table d'hote menu can provide a variety of essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C from vegetables, iron from meat, and calcium from dairy products. These nutrients are important for maintaining overall health and wellbeing.

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(a) Three types of fortified wine are:

1. Port wine
2. Sherry
3. Madeira

(b) Five factors that influence the taste and quality of wine are:

1. Grape variety: Different grape varieties have distinct characteristics that affect the flavor and quality of wine. For example, Cabernet Sauvignon grapes produce a full-bodied red wine, while Chardonnay grapes produce a buttery white wine.

2. Terroir: Terroir refers to the environmental factors such as soil, climate, and topography that influence the taste and quality of wine grapes. The same grape variety grown in different regions may produce wines with different characteristics.

3. Winemaking techniques: The techniques used during the winemaking process can significantly impact the taste and quality of wine. Factors such as fermentation time, temperature, and the use of oak barrels can all affect the final product.

4. Aging: Aging wine in oak barrels or bottles can improve its quality and flavor by allowing it to develop more complex aromas and flavors over time.

5. Storage and serving temperature: Wine should be stored at the appropriate temperature to preserve its quality. Additionally, the temperature at which wine is served can affect its taste, with different wines being best served at different temperatures.

Overall, wine is a complex product influenced by various factors, and understanding these factors can help individuals appreciate and enjoy wine more fully.

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(a) Five varieties of dishes offered in a full breakfast menu are:

1. Eggs Benedict: Poached eggs on an English muffin with Canadian bacon and hollandaise sauce.
2. Pancakes: A stack of fluffy pancakes served with butter and syrup.
3. Omelet: A fluffy omelet filled with vegetables, cheese, and ham or bacon.
4. French Toast: Slices of bread soaked in a mixture of eggs and milk, then fried until golden brown.
5. Breakfast Burrito: Scrambled eggs, cheese, sausage, and other fillings wrapped in a tortilla.

(b) Three steps in the process of crumbling down in Catering are:

1. Pre-planning: This involves deciding on the menu, guest count, and budget for the event.
2. Preparation: This involves preparing the food, setting up the venue, and arranging the tables and chairs.
3. Service: This involves serving the food to guests, ensuring that they are satisfied, and cleaning up after the event.

These steps are crucial in ensuring that the catering event is successful. Pre-planning helps to ensure that everything runs smoothly, while preparation ensures that the food and venue are ready for the event. Finally, good service helps to ensure that guests are satisfied and that the event is a success.

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(a) Two types of shellfish are:

1. Shrimp: These are small, pink crustaceans that are commonly used in seafood dishes.
2. Oysters: These are bivalve mollusks that are commonly eaten raw or cooked.

(b) The three classes of fish are:

1. Lean Fish: These are fish that have low-fat content and are white in color. Examples include cod, haddock, and sole.
2. Oily Fish: These are fish that have high-fat content and are darker in color. Examples include salmon, mackerel, and tuna.
3. Shellfish: These are aquatic animals that have a shell or hard exoskeleton. Examples include shrimp, oysters, and clams.

Knowing the classes of fish can be helpful when selecting fish to prepare. Lean fish are often used in dishes such as fish and chips, while oily fish are often used in dishes such as sushi. Shellfish can be eaten raw or cooked and are often used in seafood dishes such as paella or chowder.