WAEC SSCE - Catering Craft Practice - 2020

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Soft and juicy poultry meat is best obtained from a broiler. Broilers are chickens that are specifically bred and raised for meat production. They are typically slaughtered between 6 to 8 weeks of age, which results in tender and succulent meat. In contrast, older hens and roosters have tougher meat due to their age and the fact that their muscles have developed more, making it harder to achieve a soft and juicy texture. Ostrich and guinea fowl are also types of poultry, but their meat is leaner and has a different texture than chicken meat. While they can be cooked to be tender and juicy, they are not typically associated with soft and succulent meat in the same way that broilers are. Overall, if you're looking for soft and juicy poultry meat, broilers are the best choice.

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The factor that influences the choice of cooking equipment is the ease of use. This refers to how simple and convenient it is to operate the equipment, without requiring too much technical knowledge or skill. Cooking equipment that is easy to use allows for quicker and more efficient cooking, reducing the likelihood of mistakes or accidents occurring in the kitchen. It also saves time and effort in the long run, making it a more practical and cost-effective option. Other factors such as hire purchase option, ease of disposal, and product flow may also be important considerations, but they are not as crucial as the ease of use when it comes to choosing the right cooking equipment for your needs.

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Mayonnaise is a sauce made by whisking together oil, egg yolks, vinegar or lemon juice, and seasonings. If the mayonnaise "curdles" during preparation, it means that the mixture has separated and become lumpy or grainy in texture. This can happen for several reasons, but one of the most common reasons is adding the oil too quickly or not whisking enough. When making mayonnaise, it's important to add the oil slowly and gradually to allow it to emulsify with the egg yolks. If you add the oil too quickly or all at once, the mixture can't emulsify properly, and it will separate. Whisking is also essential to create a smooth, creamy texture. If you don't whisk enough, the mixture will not be properly emulsified and can become grainy. On the other hand, adding too little water is unlikely to cause mayonnaise to curdle, as water is not typically used in mayonnaise recipes. Too much egg yolk may make the mayonnaise too thick or heavy, but it's unlikely to cause it to curdle. Therefore, the most likely reason for mayonnaise to curdle during preparation is adding the oil too quickly or not whisking enough.

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For an overweight person, the most suitable type of milk is skimmed milk. Skimmed milk is a type of milk that has had almost all of the fat content removed, which means it has fewer calories than whole milk or condensed milk. When you're trying to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight, it's important to consume fewer calories than you burn. Drinking skimmed milk can be a good way to cut calories without sacrificing the nutritional benefits of milk, such as its high calcium content. In contrast, whole milk, condensed milk, and dried milk all contain higher levels of fat and calories than skimmed milk, which can make it harder to maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, skimmed milk is a better choice for an overweight person looking to reduce their calorie intake and improve their overall health.

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While working, it is prohibited for food handlers to touch their nose and ear. This is because our hands can carry bacteria and viruses, and touching our nose or ear can transfer those germs to our hands. If food handlers touch their nose or ear and then touch food, they can contaminate the food and make it unsafe to eat. Therefore, food handlers are required to avoid touching their face, nose or ear during food preparation and handling. This is an important food safety measure to ensure that the food is safe and healthy to consume. As for equipment and commodities, it is not prohibited for food handlers to touch them, but they should ensure that they are properly cleaned and sanitized before use to prevent contamination.

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The food items that are suitable for steaming are "I and II only". Steaming is a cooking method that involves cooking food by exposing it to steam. This method is often used for delicate foods such as vegetables, seafood, and dumplings, as it preserves their natural flavor, texture, and nutrients. In Fig. 4, food item I is broccoli, which is a type of vegetable that is suitable for steaming. Steaming broccoli helps to retain its vibrant green color, crisp texture, and nutty flavor while preserving its nutrients. Food item II is a type of fish, which is also suitable for steaming. Steaming fish is a healthy and flavorful cooking method that helps to retain the delicate texture and flavor of the fish while reducing the need for added fat or oil. Food item III is a chicken leg, which is not suitable for steaming. Chicken legs are better cooked using methods such as grilling, roasting, or frying, as they require higher temperatures and longer cooking times to ensure that they are fully cooked and safe to eat. Food item IV is a type of bread, which is also not suitable for steaming. Steaming bread would result in a soggy texture, and it is therefore best to bake or toast bread to achieve a crispy and delicious texture.

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Sweet dishes served as a last course are called "desserts". Desserts are usually eaten at the end of a meal, after the main course has been served. They are typically sweet in taste and can be served in many different forms, such as cakes, pies, puddings, ice cream, fruit, or pastries. The purpose of serving desserts is to satisfy the sweet tooth and provide a satisfying end to a meal. Appetizers are served at the beginning of a meal to stimulate the appetite, entrees are the main course of a meal, and savouries are usually salty or spicy dishes that are served as a snack or as part of a meal.

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The purpose of portioning in a catering establishment is to control the quantity of food served to each customer. By portioning, the catering establishment can ensure that each customer receives a consistent amount of food, which helps to manage costs and reduce waste. Portioning also allows the establishment to accurately plan and manage their inventory, as they can anticipate how much food will be needed for each serving. This practice helps to maintain the quality of the food by ensuring that it is not overcooked or undercooked, and it helps to ensure that every customer is satisfied with their meal.

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As a health and safety precaution in a catering establishment, an open wound should always be covered. This means that the wound should be covered with a bandage or a dressing to prevent the spread of bacteria and other harmful substances that may be present in the kitchen. Covering an open wound also helps to protect the wound from further injury and helps to keep it clean, which can aid in the healing process. By covering an open wound, catering workers can ensure that they are not putting themselves or others at risk of infection or contamination.

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To find the total cost of 17 plates of jollof rice at N550.00 per plate, we can use the following formula: Total cost = Number of plates x Cost per plate Plugging in the given values, we have: Total cost = 17 plates x N550.00 per plate Simplifying this expression, we get: Total cost = N9,350.00 Therefore, the answer is ₦9,350.00. Explanation: The question is asking us to find the total cost of 17 plates of jollof rice at N550.00 per plate. To solve the problem, we need to multiply the number of plates by the cost per plate to find the total cost. We can use the formula Total cost = Number of plates x Cost per plate. Plugging in the given values, we get Total cost = 17 plates x N550.00 per plate. Simplifying this expression, we get a total cost of N9,350.00.

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An example of a non-alcoholic beverage is grenadine. Grenadine is a sweet and fruity syrup that is commonly used as a flavoring in non-alcoholic cocktails and mocktails. It is made from pomegranate juice and sugar, and sometimes includes other flavorings like orange blossom water or rose water. Grenadine is typically mixed with other ingredients like soda or fruit juices to make refreshing and flavorful drinks. Since grenadine does not contain any alcohol, it is a great option for people who choose not to consume alcohol, or for those who are looking for a fun and flavorful alternative to alcoholic beverages.

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Cream caramel is an example of a sweet. Cream caramel is a popular dessert made by combining sugar, eggs, and cream, and then baking it in a water bath until it sets. The result is a sweet, creamy, and indulgent dessert that is often served chilled. Cream caramel is a type of custard, which is a family of desserts that are made with milk or cream and eggs. Other examples of custards include crème brûlée and flan. Overall, cream caramel is a delicious sweet treat that is enjoyed by many people around the world.

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One factor that affects menu planning is cooking method. This refers to the way in which food is prepared, such as grilling, baking, or frying. The cooking method can affect the taste, texture, and nutritional value of the food, and can also impact the time and resources required to prepare it. For example, if a menu includes dishes that require a lot of deep-frying, it may not be the best choice for a school cafeteria, where the kitchen may not have the appropriate equipment or ventilation to safely handle large quantities of hot oil. Alternatively, a menu that includes a variety of baked or grilled dishes may be a better choice, as these methods tend to be healthier and require less specialized equipment. The cooking method can also influence the overall balance of the menu. For example, if most of the dishes on the menu are fried, the menu may be lacking in fresh fruits and vegetables, which are typically not prepared using this cooking method. On the other hand, a menu that includes a variety of cooking methods, such as grilling, baking, and sautéing, is likely to provide a more balanced and nutritious selection of dishes. Overall, cooking method is an important factor to consider when planning a menu, as it can influence both the quality and nutritional value of the food, as well as the resources required to prepare it.

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A first aider is mostly needed at an accident scene. An accident scene is a situation where unexpected harm or injury has occurred, and the victim needs immediate assistance. The role of a first aider is to provide initial medical care until professional medical help arrives. This may include providing CPR, stopping bleeding, managing shock, and assisting with breathing. In contrast, the other scenarios listed (burial ceremony, children party, and banquet party) are not typically associated with an immediate need for medical attention. While accidents can still occur at these events, the likelihood is generally lower than at an accident scene, and the types of injuries that may occur may be less severe. Overall, it's important to be prepared for emergencies by knowing basic first aid techniques and having a first aid kit on hand. However, in terms of the scenarios listed, a first aider is most likely to be needed at an accident scene.

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The correct answer is "fruit." A fruit is the sweet and fleshy product of a plant that contains seeds. Fruits are usually eaten for their delicious taste and are a good source of vitamins and nutrients. Examples of fruits include apples, bananas, oranges, strawberries, and grapes. Fruits are usually formed from the ovary of a flower after it has been pollinated. They serve as a way for plants to distribute their seeds to new locations, which helps the plant to grow and reproduce.

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(a) Cocktail is a mixed drink that typically contains three or more ingredients, at least one of which is alcohol. Cocktails can be served in a variety of styles, including shaken, stirred, or blended, and can be served in a variety of glassware depending on the recipe.

(b)(i) The ingredients in making a non-alcoholic cocktail can vary widely depending on the recipe, but here are five common ingredients:

1. Fruit Juice: This can be any type of fruit juice, including orange juice, cranberry juice, or pineapple juice, and serves as the base of the cocktail.
2. Syrup: This is a sweetener that adds flavor and depth to the cocktail. Examples include simple syrup, grenadine syrup, or honey syrup.
3. Soda Water: This is a carbonated water that adds a bit of fizz and lightness to the cocktail.
4. Herbs and Spices: Adding herbs and spices, such as mint, basil, or cinnamon, can enhance the flavor of the cocktail.
5. Fresh Fruit: Adding fresh fruit such as berries, slices of citrus, or melons can add flavor and color to the cocktail.

(b)(ii) Garnishing a cocktail is an important step in enhancing the presentation and flavor of the drink. Here are two common ingredients used in garnishing cocktails:

1. Fruit: A slice of fruit or a twist of citrus peel can be added to the rim of the glass or placed on top of the drink to add flavor and visual appeal.
2. Herbs: A sprig of herbs such as mint, rosemary, or basil can be added to the glass to add a fragrant aroma and fresh flavor to the cocktail.

Overall, making a great non-alcoholic cocktail involves balancing the flavors and ingredients to create a delicious and refreshing drink that can be enjoyed by everyone.

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(a) Three reasons why the menu is suitable for the aged could be:

1. The menu contains soft foods that are easy to chew and swallow, which is important for those with dentition problems.
2. The menu contains nutrient-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, and lean protein sources, which can help maintain overall health and support the needs of an aging body.
3. The menu is portion-controlled, which can be helpful for those who may have trouble regulating their food intake or who may struggle with portion control.

(b) Two methods of cooking used for preparing the menu could be steaming and baking.

(c) One micronutrient that can be obtained from the menu is vitamin C, which can be found in the orange and broccoli. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage and supports the immune system.

(d) The class of menu illustrated in the diagram is a balanced and nutritious meal designed for the elderly.

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(a) The overhead cost is the sum of rent and utility bills, which is N15,000. The labour cost is the amount paid to the members of staff, which is N40,000.

(b) The total cost incurred by the restaurant is the sum of the cost of ingredients, labour cost, and overhead cost. Therefore, the total cost is N25,000 + N40,000 + N15,000 = N80,000. The net profit is the difference between the total sale and the total cost incurred. Therefore, the net profit is N100,000 - N80,000 = N20,000.

(c) To calculate the percentage net profit, we divide the net profit by the total sale and multiply by 100. Therefore, the percentage net profit is (N20,000/N100,000) x 100 = 20%.

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(a) Three reasons for using disposables in the catering industry are:

1. Convenience: Disposables are lightweight and easy to use, making them convenient for catering events where large quantities of food and beverages need to be served quickly and efficiently.
2. Cost-effective: Using disposables eliminates the need for washing and sanitizing reusable dishes, which can be expensive and time-consuming. Disposables are also less prone to breakage and damage, reducing replacement costs.
3. Hygiene: Disposables are single-use, which means they are free from contamination from previous use. This makes them a hygienic choice, especially in situations where food safety is a priority.

(b) Three hygienic precautions taken in the use of refrigerators are:

1. Proper temperature control: Refrigerators should be set at the correct temperature to prevent the growth of bacteria and spoilage of food. The temperature should be checked regularly to ensure that it remains within the safe range.
2. Regular cleaning: Refrigerators should be cleaned regularly, both inside and out, to prevent the buildup of bacteria and mold. Any spills or leaks should be cleaned up immediately to prevent contamination.
3. Proper storage: Food should be stored in appropriate containers and labeled with the date of storage. Raw food should be stored separately from cooked food to prevent cross-contamination.

(c) Two items for serving cocktails in the bar are:

1. Cocktail shaker: A cocktail shaker is a container used to mix ingredients for cocktails. It typically consists of a metal or glass container with a tight-fitting lid and a strainer. The shaker is used to mix the ingredients together, resulting in a well-mixed and chilled cocktail.
2. Cocktail glass: A cocktail glass is a specialized glassware designed for serving cocktails. There are many types of cocktail glasses, including martini glasses, Collins glasses, and highball glasses. The glass is designed to showcase the color and texture of the cocktail and to enhance the drinking experience.

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(a) Three ingredients in making clear soup (consommé) are:

1. Meat (usually beef or chicken)
2. Vegetables (carrots, celery, onions)
3. Egg whites

(b) Five steps in making clear soup (consommé) are:

1. Start by simmering the meat in a pot with cold water. This will help to extract the flavor from the meat gradually.
2. Add the vegetables, including carrots, celery, and onions, to the pot. These vegetables will also help to add flavor to the soup.
3. Once the soup has cooked for a while, it's time to clarify it. To do this, you'll need to beat some egg whites and add them to the soup. The egg whites will coagulate around the impurities in the soup and rise to the surface, taking the impurities with them.
4. Let the soup simmer for a while longer until the egg whites have cooked and the impurities have been removed.
5. Finally, strain the soup through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth to remove any remaining impurities and vegetables. This will leave you with a clear, flavorful broth that is perfect for serving as a soup or using as a base for other dishes.

Overall, making clear soup (consommé) is a simple but time-consuming process that requires patience and attention to detail. By following these steps, you can create a delicious, clear soup that is sure to impress your guests.

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(a) Three uses of salad are:

1. As a side dish - Salad can be served alongside main dishes such as grilled chicken, fish or steak to add freshness and a balance of flavors to the meal.
2. As a main dish - Salad can be a complete meal on its own, especially when it is made with ingredients such as grilled chicken, tofu, or other protein sources, along with a variety of colorful vegetables and a tasty dressing.
3. As a healthy snack - Salad is a healthy and refreshing snack option that can be made with a variety of ingredients and served in a small portion size.

(b) Five steps in making a vegetable salad are:

1. Choose your ingredients - Decide what vegetables, fruits, nuts, and protein sources you want to include in your salad. Try to use a variety of colors and textures to make it visually appealing.
2. Prepare the ingredients - Wash, chop, and prepare all of your ingredients. Cut the vegetables into bite-sized pieces and slice or dice any fruits or protein sources.
3. Make the dressing - Combine your favorite salad dressing ingredients in a small bowl and whisk together until well combined.
4. Assemble the salad - Place the prepared ingredients in a large bowl and add the dressing. Toss everything together until everything is well coated.
5. Serve - Transfer the salad to a serving bowl or individual plates and enjoy! You can add additional toppings such as croutons, cheese, or nuts if desired.