JAMB UTME - Physical Education - 2023

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The institutional games in Nigeria are organized competitive events between universities or institutions. Three out of the four options given are actually institutional games in Nigeria, namely NATCEGA, NUGA, and NIPOGA.
NATCEGA stands for National Theatre Command Entertainment Games. It is an annual event that brings together theater command troops from various branches of the Nigerian military for friendly competitions in various sporting activities. This helps to foster camaraderie and promote physical fitness among the military personnel.
NUGA stands for Nigerian Universities Games Association. It is an annual multi-sport event that brings together universities from all over Nigeria to compete against each other in various sporting disciplines. The aim of NUGA is to promote sports development and healthy competition among university students.
NIPOGA stands for Nigerian Polytechnic Games. It is a biennial sporting event that brings together polytechnics and similar institutions in Nigeria for friendly competitions in different sports. NIPOGA provides an avenue for students and staff of polytechnics to showcase their sporting talents and promote healthy competition.
That leaves us with the NBA as the option that is not an institutional game in Nigeria. The NBA, or Nigerian Bar Association, is a professional association of lawyers and legal practitioners in Nigeria. While the NBA organizes conferences, workshops, and other professional events, it is not specifically focused on organizing sporting competitions among institutions or universities. Thus, the NBA is not an institutional game in Nigeria.

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Breaststroke: This is a swimming

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The smallest unit of social organization in our society is the family.
The family is a group of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption and live together in a household. Families provide individuals with emotional support, shelter, food, and other basic needs. They are the building blocks of society, as they are responsible for nurturing and socializing individuals from a young age.
Families are usually led by parents or guardians who provide guidance and instill values in their children. They teach them essential life skills and help them develop a sense of identity. Additionally, families often pass down cultural traditions, beliefs, and customs from one generation to another.
While peer groups, clans, and communities are also important social units, they are typically larger than families and may include multiple families or individuals who are not directly related. Peer groups consist of individuals who are of similar age or have common interests, while clans are extended families with a common ancestry, and communities are groups of individuals who live in the same geographical area.
In summary, while peer groups, clans, and communities play significant roles in our society, the smallest and most fundamental unit of social organization is the family. Families provide the foundation for a person's social development, upbringing, and support.

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The type of hazardous pollution caused by automobiles is carbon monoxide.
When we drive cars, they burn gasoline or diesel fuel to produce energy that moves the car. However, this burning process also produces harmful gases as byproducts. One of these gases is carbon monoxide (CO).
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is very harmful to humans and the environment. It is produced when there is not enough oxygen during the burning process, which is common in the engines of cars.
When we inhale carbon monoxide, it binds to our red blood cells more easily than oxygen, reducing the amount of oxygen our body can carry. This can lead to serious health problems, especially for people with heart or lung conditions.
Additionally, carbon monoxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. It traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to higher global temperatures and disrupting the natural balance of our planet.
In summary, the hazardous pollution caused by automobiles is carbon monoxide. It is harmful to both human health and the environment, making it important for us to find ways to reduce its emissions from vehicles.

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The correct answer is a **polygamous family**. In a polygamous family, one spouse (whether it be a man or a woman) has multiple spouses. This means that the individual has entered into multiple legal marriages simultaneously. Polygamy can take different forms. One common form is **polygyny**, where a man has multiple wives. In this case, the man is the only one who is allowed to have multiple spouses. Another form is **polyandry**, where a woman has multiple husbands. However, polyandry is less common compared to polygyny. In a polygamous family, the spouses may live together or in separate households. It is important to note that the type of family structure can vary across different cultures and religions around the world. While polygamy is practiced in some societies, it is illegal in many countries.

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In the bucal cavity of human beings, digestion of carbohydrates gets started.
The bucal cavity, also known as the mouth, plays an important role in the process of digestion. When we eat food, it enters the mouth where it gets broken down into smaller pieces by our teeth through the process of chewing.
Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients found in our food. They are present in foods like bread, rice, potatoes, and fruits.
In the mouth, the salivary glands produce saliva, which contains an enzyme called amylase. When we chew carbohydrates, the amylase in saliva helps to break them down into smaller molecules called sugars. This process is known as digestion.
So, in conclusion, the digestion of carbohydrates gets started in the bucal cavity of human beings.

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Headache is not a water-borne disease.
Water-borne diseases are illnesses caused by microorganisms that are transmitted through contaminated water. These pathogens can enter the body when we consume or come into contact with contaminated water.
Hepatitis is a water-borne disease that affects the liver. It is caused by various viral infections, such as hepatitis A, B, and C.
Cholera is another water-borne disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It leads to severe diarrhea and dehydration if left untreated.
Typhoid is also a water-borne disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It causes high fever, abdominal pain, and weakness.
However, headache is not caused by contaminated water. It can be induced by various factors like stress, tension, dehydration, eye strain, or medical conditions. While dehydration can contribute to a headache, it is not the sole cause. Headaches can occur regardless of the water quality and do not require the presence of waterborne pathogens to develop.
Therefore, out of the given options, headache does not belong to the category of water-borne diseases.

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The vestigial bony part of the human skeleton is the Coccyx.
The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is a small triangular structure located at the bottom of the vertebral column. It consists of three to five fused vertebrae.
In the past, the coccyx had a more functional role in our ancestors who had tails. However, over millions of years of evolution, the tail became unnecessary for human survival and gradually disappeared.
Today, the coccyx serves as a vestigial structure, meaning it is a remnant of our evolutionary past that no longer has a significant function. It is a reduced and modified version of what used to be a functional tail.
Function: While the coccyx no longer has a significant role in humans, it does serve as an attachment point for several muscles, tendons, and ligaments. These structures help support our body weight when we sit or stand and also play a role in stabilizing our pelvis.
Development: During embryonic development, the coccyx starts as separate vertebrae. However, as the fetus develops, these vertebrae gradually fuse together to form the coccyx. This fusion is typically complete by early adulthood.
Importance: Although the coccyx is a vestige of our evolutionary past with no significant function in modern humans, it can still be susceptible to injury or discomfort. Falls, trauma during childbirth, or prolonged sitting on hard surfaces can lead to coccyx pain or fracture.
To summarize, the coccyx is the vestigial bony part of the human skeleton. It is a remnant of our evolutionary history when our ancestors had tails. Although it no longer has a significant function, it serves as an attachment point for muscles and plays a role in supporting our pelvis.

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The first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896. These games marked the revival of the ancient Greek tradition of hosting athletic competitions. The idea behind the modern Olympics was to promote peace and goodwill among nations through sports.
The Olympic Games were first organized by a French nobleman named Pierre de Coubertin. He believed that sports could bring people from different countries together and promote understanding and friendship.
The city of Athens, Greece was chosen as the host for the inaugural modern Olympic Games. This was a significant choice because it was in Greece where the ancient Olympics were held for centuries.
The first modern Olympics brought together athletes from 14 different countries to compete in various sporting events. The games included events such as athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics.
The opening ceremony of the 1896 Olympics was a simple affair compared to the elaborate ceremonies we see today. It took place in the Panathenaic Stadium, a venue with historical significance dating back to ancient times.
The Olympic Games have been held every four years since 1896, with a few interruptions due to world wars. They have grown in scale and popularity over the years, becoming one of the most prestigious sporting events in the world.
In conclusion, the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. These games marked the revival of the ancient Greek tradition and aimed to promote peace and goodwill among nations through sports.

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Swimming is an example of a non-contact game. In swimming, athletes participate in a race by propelling themselves through the water using different swimming strokes. Unlike boxing, wrestling, and taekwondo, swimming does not involve physical contact between the athletes. Instead, swimmers focus on their speed, technique, and endurance to outperform their competitors and reach the finish line faster. It is essential to note that while swimming is a non-contact game, athletes still adhere to certain rules and regulations to ensure fair competition and safety in the pool.

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The capacity to change direction effectively and quickly while maintaining body posture is called agility. Agility is the ability to move and change direction with ease, speed, and precision. It involves coordination, balance, and quick reflexes.
Agility is not just about being fast, but also being able to control your body movements and maintain balance while moving in different directions. It requires flexibility, strength, and an awareness of your body positioning.
Having good agility is important in many sports and physical activities, such as basketball, soccer, tennis, and martial arts. It allows athletes to quickly change direction, dodge opponents, and react to unexpected situations.
By training and improving agility, individuals can enhance their overall performance in sports, reduce the risk of injury, and improve body control. Agility drills, exercises, and practice can help improve reaction time, coordination, and body awareness.
In summary, agility is the ability to change direction quickly, maintain body posture, and move with precision. It is an essential skill for athletes and can be developed through training and practice.

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A field event is a type of athletic competition that takes place in a designated area or field rather than on a track. It involves athletes competing in various events that require physical strength, skill, and technique.
Out of the options provided, javelin throw is the field event. In javelin throw, an athlete throws a long spear-like object called a javelin as far as possible within a marked area. The aim is to achieve the maximum distance with proper technique, accuracy, and strength.
On the other hand, hurdles race, 100m race, and relay race are all track events. In hurdles race, athletes run and jump over a series of hurdles placed at regular intervals on the track. The objective is to complete the race in the shortest possible time while clearing all the hurdles.
In a 100m race, athletes compete to run a distance of 100 meters in the fastest time possible, with the finish line being the determining factor.
A relay race involves a team of runners passing a baton from one runner to another, usually in a circular or linear track. The goal is to complete the race in the shortest time by efficiently transferring the baton between team members.
Therefore, among the options mentioned, only javelin throw can be categorized as a field event as it takes place in a designated area and requires throwing a javelin for distance.

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Only 3 trials are allowed in shot put.

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Proteins are essential nutrients needed for the growth, repair, and maintenance of our body tissues. They are composed of smaller units called amino acids.
Out of the given options, rice is an example of a food that is not primarily a protein source. While rice does contain a small amount of protein, it is relatively low compared to the other options.
On the other hand, fish, egg, and beans are all excellent sources of protein. Fish, especially fatty fish like salmon, is rich in high-quality protein and also provides healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Eggs are considered a complete protein as they contain all the essential amino acids our body needs. Beans, including options like lentils, chickpeas, and black beans, are also great sources of protein, especially for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet.
To summarize, while fish, egg, and beans are examples of protein-rich foods, rice is not primarily known as a significant source of protein.

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The swimming stroke that is not listed among the options is the downstroke.

Let's briefly discuss the other three swimming strokes to understand why the downstroke is not considered a swimming stroke:

Crawl: Also known as freestyle, the crawl is the fastest and most commonly used stroke in competitive swimming. It involves a continuous alternating arm motion and a flutter kick. Swimmers move their arms in a windmill-like pattern, pulling the water towards them, while their legs kick in a repetitive up and down motion.

Backstroke: As the name suggests, swimmers swim on their backs, facing up. The main propulsive force in backstroke comes from the alternating arm movement, similar to the crawl stroke. The arms move in a wider arc, and the hands enter the water pinky-first. The legs perform a flutter kick, similar to that of the crawl stroke.

Breaststroke: The breaststroke is the slowest of the four competitive swimming strokes, but it is often considered the most graceful. Swimmers synchronize a frog-like kick and an arm pull to propel themselves through the water. The arms move together in a half-circle motion underwater, while the legs kick outwards and then back inwards simultaneously.

Downstroke: The term "downstroke" does not correspond to any recognized swimming stroke. It may be a term used in other contexts or in certain swimming drills, but it is not a distinct swimming stroke like the crawl, backstroke, or breaststroke.

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A first aid box is typically a container that stores medical supplies to provide immediate care for injuries and illnesses. It is important to have the necessary items in a first aid box to effectively and safely administer first aid.
Let's go through each option to determine which one cannot be found in a first aid box:
- Gloves: Gloves are an essential item found in a first aid box. They are used to protect both the person giving first aid and the person receiving it. Gloves create a barrier that helps prevent the spread of germs and reduces the risk of infection.
- Hand sanitizer: Hand sanitizer is also commonly found in a first aid box. It is used to clean hands when soap and water are not available. It helps kill germ and reduces the chance of spreading infection.
- Bandages: Bandages are another crucial item in a first aid box. They are used for covering wounds, controlling bleeding, and providing support to injured body parts. There are various types of bandages, such as adhesive bandages, elastic bandages, and sterile dressings.
- Soda drinks: Soda drinks, such as carbonated beverages, cannot be found in a first aid box. While it may be tempting to include cold drinks for rehydration, first aid boxes are designed specifically for medical emergencies and do not typically contain food or drinks.
In conclusion, the item that cannot be found in a first aid box is soda drinks. It is important to prioritize medical supplies that are essential in providing immediate care for injuries and illnesses.

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Benefits of recreation
- It helps to correct postural defect
- It provides opportunity for creativity and self expression
- It raises the health and fitness level of the participant

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Pole vault is not a throw event. It is a field event in athletics where a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump over a bar. Javelin throw, shot put, and hammer throw are all throw events.

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After digestion, proteins are converted into amino acids.
During the process of digestion, proteins are broken down into smaller molecules called peptides through the action of enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. These peptides are then further broken down by other enzymes into individual amino acids.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are crucial for various biological processes in the body. They are essential for the growth and repair of tissues, the synthesis of enzymes and hormones, and the functioning of the immune system.
Once proteins have been converted into amino acids, they can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to various cells in the body, where they are used to build new proteins or used as a source of energy.
Therefore, the correct answer is amino acid.

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marketing, the sum of activities involved in directing the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers

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An indoor recreational activity refers to an activity that can be enjoyed indoors, typically within a building or a closed space. Out of the given options, the only activity that can be considered as an indoor recreational activity is playing chess.
Swimming, hiking, and jogging all take place outdoors and require open spaces like pools, mountains, or parks. These activities involve physical movements in natural or outdoor environments. On the other hand, playing chess is an intellectual and strategic game that can be played indoors. It is usually played on a chessboard and involves planning and outwitting your opponent by moving different chess pieces on the board.
Playing chess can be enjoyed in the comfort of a home, a chess club, or any indoor space that provides a suitable environment to set up the chessboard and focus on the game. It does not require any specific physical fitness level or a large area, making it accessible to people of different ages and abilities.
In conclusion, playing chess is the only indoor recreational activity out of the options given. It is a mentally stimulating game that can be enjoyed indoors without the need for outdoor spaces or physical exertion.

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Recreational activities are meant to be done during leisure time. Leisure time refers to the period when we are not busy with work, school, or other obligations. This is when we have free time to engage in activities that we enjoy and find entertaining. Recreational activities are meant to provide relaxation, enjoyment, and a break from our daily routines and responsibilities. Whether it's playing sports, reading a book, watching a movie, or spending time with friends and family, these activities help to rejuvenate our minds and bodies. Therefore, it is ideal to participate in recreational activities during leisure time when we can fully immerse ourselves in the experience without any distractions or time constraints.

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A sport where participants should have no means of contact is called non-contact games. In these games, players are not allowed to physically touch or tackle each other during gameplay. The objective is to avoid any physical contact with opponents, ensuring the safety and well-being of all players involved. The focus is on skill, strategy, and coordination rather than physical contact. Examples of non-contact games include tennis, badminton, swimming, and archery. These sports encourage fair competition and sportsmanship without risking injuries that can occur in contact sports.

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Revolutionary nationalism is the form of nationalism where its goals are achieved through revolution.
In this type of nationalism, people are united by a strong desire for change and liberation from a certain political or social system. The movement is driven by the belief that the current system is oppressive or unfair, and that a revolution is necessary to bring about the desired changes.
During a revolution, there may be protests, demonstrations, and even armed conflicts against the existing government or ruling power. The aim is to overthrow the current system and replace it with a new one that aligns with the aspirations and ideals of the nationalist movement.
One of the most notable examples of revolutionary nationalism is the American Revolution. In the 18th century, American colonists felt that they were being unfairly treated by the British government and demanded independence. They organized protests, boycotts, and eventually took up arms against the British forces. Through the Revolutionary War, the American colonists were able to achieve their goal of establishing the United States as an independent nation.
Revolutionary nationalism often involves a strong sense of patriotism and a belief in the power of the people to shape their own destiny. It aims to create a new political order that reflects the values and aspirations of the nation.
Key points: - Revolutionary nationalism achieves its goals through revolution. - It involves protests, demonstrations, and even armed conflict against the existing government or ruling power. - The aim is to overthrow the current system and replace it with a new one that aligns with the aspirations and ideals of the nationalist movement. - The American Revolution is a notable example of revolutionary nationalism. - It involves a strong sense of patriotism and belief in the power of the people to shape their own destiny.

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A basketball team is made up of 5 players on the court at a time. Each team has a total of 12 players on their roster, but only 5 players are allowed to play on the court at any given time. These 5 players are responsible for attacking, defending, and scoring points for their team. The other players on the team wait on the sidelines for their turn to join the game or provide support from the bench. The 5 players on the court work together to strategize and execute their game plan, using their skills in dribbling, passing, shooting, and defending to outscore their opponents. So, in summary, a basketball team consists of 5 players on the court and 12 players on the roster.

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The type of exchange in a relay race, in which the receiver's hand is behind them at the waist height with the palm facing down, is called the Upsweep.
During the upsweep exchange, the runner who is about to receive the baton holds their hand behind them, at waist height, with the palm facing downward. This position allows for a smooth and efficient transfer of the baton from the outgoing runner to the incoming runner.
The upsweep exchange is advantageous because it allows for a quick and secure handoff between the two runners. The palm facing downward helps ensure that the baton is securely placed in the receiving runner's hand, minimizing the risk of dropping or losing control of the baton.
This type of exchange is commonly used in relay races because of its reliability and efficiency. It allows for a seamless transition between runners and minimizes the potential for errors during the baton exchange, ultimately contributing to the overall success of the relay team.

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The medulla oblongata controls the breathing rate in humans. Medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that is responsible for many involuntary functions including breathing. It is located at the base of the brain, just above the spinal cord.
The medulla oblongata contains special cells called respiratory centers, specifically the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) and the ventral respiratory group (VRG). These centers detect the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the blood.
When the carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, the DRG signals the muscles of the diaphragm and the ribcage to contract. This causes inhalation, allowing fresh oxygen to enter the lungs and carbon dioxide to be exhaled. On the other hand, when the carbon dioxide levels decrease, the DRG signals the muscles to relax, resulting in exhalation.
The medulla oblongata also communicates with the hypothalamus and the thalamus, but their roles are not directly related to controlling the breathing rate. The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and other functions, while the thalamus is involved in relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
The cerebellum, although important for coordination and balance, does not control the breathing rate.
In summary, the medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling the breathing rate in humans by detecting the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and signaling the muscles involved in breathing to adjust accordingly.

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Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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A person who performs gymnastics is called a gymnast.
Gymnastics is a physical activity that combines strength, flexibility, balance, and control. Gymnasts are individuals who participate in this sport and perform various movements and routines on different apparatus such as the balance beam, uneven bars, vault, and floor exercise. They go through extensive training to learn and perfect these movements which include flips, twists, jumps, and handstands.
Gymnasts are skilled athletes who showcase their abilities and talents through their performances. They compete in gymnastics competitions or sometimes perform for entertainment purposes. They demonstrate their agility, coordination, and strength while executing complex and acrobatic movements.
So, the correct term to describe a person who performs gymnastics is a gymnast.

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A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture.

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Carbon monoxide is a source of air pollution. When we burn fossil fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas in vehicles, power plants, and industries, carbon monoxide is released into the air. It is a colorless and odorless gas that is harmful to the environment and human health.
In our atmosphere, carbon monoxide reacts with other pollutants to form smog, which is a type of air pollution. Smog can cause respiratory problems, especially for people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.
Carbon monoxide also contributes to the greenhouse effect, which is responsible for global warming and climate change. This gas traps heat in the atmosphere, leading to the gradual increase in Earth's temperature.
So, carbon monoxide is a significant contributor to air pollution and its negative effects on both the environment and human health. It is crucial to reduce carbon monoxide emissions by using cleaner forms of energy and implementing stricter regulations for industries and vehicles.

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Ankle is known as tarsus in humans. It contains seven bones called tarsal's. It is arranged in three rows having gliding joints

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Posture is affected by factors such as age, habit, and heredity. Complexion, which refers to the natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, does not affect posture.

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Saliva helps in the digestion of starch.
Starch is a carbohydrate that is found in foods like rice, potatoes, bread, and pasta. When we eat foods containing starch, our body needs to break it down into smaller molecules so that it can be absorbed and used for energy.
This is where saliva comes in! When we chew our food, our salivary glands produce saliva that contains an enzyme called amylase. Amylase is responsible for breaking down the starch molecules into smaller sugar molecules called glucose.
By breaking down starch, saliva helps to start the process of digestion and makes it easier for our body to absorb and utilize the energy from the food we eat.
Saliva doesn't directly help in the digestion of proteins, fats, or vitamins. These nutrients are broken down by different enzymes and processes in our digestive system.
In summary, saliva plays an important role in the digestion of starch by producing an enzyme called amylase that breaks down starch into smaller sugar molecules.

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Harding James Ekperigin is widely recognized as the father of physical education in Nigeria. He made significant contributions to the development and promotion of physical education in the country.

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The agency that fights human trafficking in Nigeria is NAPTIP, which stands for National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons. NAPTIP was established in 2003 as a response to the increasing cases of trafficking in persons both within and outside Nigeria.
NAPTIP is primarily responsible for investigating, prosecuting, and preventing human trafficking activities in Nigeria. The agency works towards the elimination of all forms of human trafficking, including child labor, sexual exploitation, and forced labor.
NAPTIP's mandate covers a wide range of activities aimed at combating human trafficking, including rescue and rehabilitation of victims, public awareness campaigns, policy advocacy, and collaboration with national and international partners.
The agency focuses on four key pillars in the fight against human trafficking: 1. Prevention: NAPTIP conducts sensitization campaigns and educational programs to raise awareness about the dangers and consequences of human trafficking. They work with communities, schools, and vulnerable groups to prevent individuals from being trafficked. 2. Prosecution: NAPTIP works closely with law enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of human trafficking. They gather evidence, identify and apprehend traffickers, and ensure they face legal consequences for their actions. 3. Protection: NAPTIP provides shelter, medical care, counseling, and other support services to victims of human trafficking. They work towards the physical, psychological, and social rehabilitation and empowerment of survivors, ensuring they are reintegrated into society. 4. Partnerships: NAPTIP collaborates with national and international organizations, government agencies, civil society groups, and law enforcement agencies to strengthen the fight against human trafficking. This includes sharing information, resources, and expertise to improve coordination and effectiveness.
Through its efforts, NAPTIP is making significant progress in combating human trafficking in Nigeria. However, the fight against human trafficking is an ongoing battle, and NAPTIP continues to work tirelessly to ensure the protection and well-being of individuals vulnerable to exploitation and trafficking.

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In a table tennis game, a deuce means that both players have reached a point of tie. It happens when the score reaches 10-10. At this point, the game becomes a deuce, and players continue playing until one player gets a lead of 2 points. So, a deuce is not a loss, a win, or a foul. It simply indicates a tie in the game where players need to score 2 consecutive points to win the game.

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The human heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
The thoracic cavity is the space found in the chest region between the neck and the diaphragm. It is protected by the rib cage and contains vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
The heart, which is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, is specifically positioned in the middle of the thoracic cavity, slightly tilted to the left. It is surrounded and protected by the lungs.
The positioning of the heart in the thoracic cavity allows it to be close to major blood vessels and organs, facilitating its primary function of pumping oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood back to the lungs for oxygenation.

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A component of a school health program is **health services**. Health services are an essential part of a school health program as they involve medical professionals and resources that cater to the healthcare needs of students. These services can include regular health check-ups, immunizations, first aid, and treatment for minor illnesses and injuries. Health services also provide support for students with chronic conditions such as asthma or diabetes. The presence of health services in schools ensures that students have access to immediate medical care and support, promoting their overall well-being and enabling them to focus on their studies. These services can be provided by school nurses or in collaboration with local healthcare providers. It is important to note that while external services and curable services may contribute to the well-being of students, they are not specific components of a school health program. External services may refer to community organizations or agencies that provide support to schools but are not directly part of the program. Curable services may not be a relevant term in the context of a school health program, as it is unclear what specific services it entails. In summary, health services are an integral component of a school health program, ensuring the physical well-being of students by providing access to medical care, support, and resources.

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100m is an example of a sprint race. Sprint races are short distance races in athletics and running. They involve running as fast as possible over a short distance. The other options like marathon and 1,500m are long distance races, and 400m is considered a middle distance race.