JAMB UTME - Use of English - 1990

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

When the farmers were found guilty of unlawful assembly and procession, their lawyer _____ before the sentence was passed

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The best word or phrase that fills the gap in the sentence is "made a plea for mitigation." This is because "plea" refers to a request or an appeal, and "mitigation" refers to the act of making something less severe or serious. Therefore, the lawyer made a request for the sentence to be less severe or serious. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence, as "begged for mercy" implies a more desperate plea, "made an overture" refers to a proposal or suggestion rather than a plea, and "made a plea for litigation" would not make sense in this context.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

_____ all probability, the train will arrive today

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:The lawyer told the court some unsavoury details about the case

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "unsavoury" is "unpleasant." The sentence talks about a lawyer telling the court some unsavoury details about the case, which means that the information presented was distasteful, unpleasant, and morally offensive. Therefore, "unpleasant" is the best option that conveys the same meaning as "unsavoury." The other options are not relevant to the context of the sentence or do not convey the same meaning as "unsavoury."

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word Underlined: The fact that Ruth has inherited her late husband's house is cold comfort to her

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "cold comfort" is "inadequate comfort." "Cold comfort" is an idiomatic expression that means something that is meant to be comforting but is actually not very helpful or comforting at all. In this context, Ruth has inherited her late husband's house, but this is not enough to truly comfort her in her loss. Therefore, the correct sentence could also be: "The fact that Ruth has inherited her late husband's house is inadequate comfort to her." which means that even though Ruth has inherited her husband's house, it is not enough to make her feel comforted in her time of grief.

By the time a child reached the age of two years, the psychologist says he is ‘self-conscious’. This is not the same as the lay use of the term, although there is a connection. The psychologist means that the child is aware that he is a self and not an extension of his mother. This awareness is shown in such behavioural acts as disobedience and the use of the word ‘no’ with emphasis, because the child is aware that he does not have to obey parental commands. Parental commands (moral imperative) are given throughout these two years first for the child’s own safety e.g. ‘Don’t touch the fire and secondly, so that he begins to develop some sense of right and wrong. An adult is able to weigh the consequence of his actions, partly because he has developed a concept of idea of time. The young child lacks this concept and is governed by immediate desires which must be fulfilled. Thus, in some situations, he can be excused for not behaving morally, i.e. making the choice which is ‘good’ for himself and others. In other situations, he knows what is right and chooses not to do it. Immature adults can also behave in this self-centred way.

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This passage sums up the problems peculiar to the book trade make it different from any other trade-the problem of selection and the problem of sticking. How is the bookseller to tell what, in an enormous output, will prove sale-able before the full weight of unsold items affects the balance of his business and how is he at the same time to hold a stock large enough to enable the public to choose freely? He may seek to escape from this dilemma by becoming the passive sales representative of large publishing houses or distribution networks but he is then no longer a book seller. He may take refuge in the sale of items to a restricted circle of customers but he thereby cuts himself of from all that is vital in his trade and dooms himself to mediocrity and stagnation. On the other hand, he may protect his business from the danger of idle stock by speculating on the latest publication but this is a dangerous game in that it implies a constantly changing clientele: readers remain faithful to their own discoveries and failure to follow up a book an author or a type of literature means dismissing the public responsible for their success.

This brings us back to the fact that books are indefinable. The story is told of a certain country with a great many generals where it was decided to present a rare and valuable edition of an old book to a general about to retire. The old soldier looked at the volume and remarked, ‘A book? What’s the point? I’ve already got one!’

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Of the solutions proposed for the bookseller's problems, none are actually positive. The passage discusses the unique challenges faced by the book trade, including the problems of selection and sticking, and suggests several possible solutions, such as becoming a passive sales representative or focusing on a restricted circle of customers. However, the passage ultimately concludes that these solutions are not positive. For example, becoming a passive sales representative may solve the problem of selection but it also means the bookseller is no longer truly in the business of selling books. Similarly, focusing on a restricted circle of customers may solve the problem of sticking but it also limits the bookseller's potential for growth and success. Therefore, the passage suggests that there are no easy or positive solutions to the challenges faced by booksellers, and that the very nature of books as an indefinable and constantly evolving product means that booksellers must be prepared to adapt and take risks in order to succeed.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

_____ to help him, being the only person in the vicinity.

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As a rule the Emopa are very brave indeed and are among the few Africans who still hunt lion with the spear. They also kill elephants, not for food but for spear blooding or to prove their manhood. When elephants are located, there is great excitement and fierce competition among the young men. Each tries to be first to blood his spear, the one who does so claims the trophy. No young man is looked upon with favour by the girls until he has won his spurs by killing a dangerous animal.

But as brave as the Emopa are, two fierce man-eaters completely overawed them. This was partly due to the cunning and boldness of the lions, partly to the fact that when hunted, they would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth, where it was impossible for man to poise and throw a spear. Superstition had also added its quota to the fear with which they were regarded. It was said that before starting off on a raid the lions would retire to an open sandy place and there make two rows of depressions in the sand with their paws. Then, using twings as counters, they would play the ancient game of ‘baw’ (a game of unknown antiquity, which resembles draughts and is played all over Africa). If the omens were good they would raid a village and claim a victim, if not, they would wait. Another story had it that the lions were the spirits of two ‘holy men’ who had now come back in this shape to seek their revenge. So strongly was this view held that the local Emopa had petitioned a practising ‘holy man’ to come from a great distance to exorcise the spirits. He came with book, bell and candle and charged a fee of a hundred goats but the lions continued their depredations. To add to the legend of the lions invulnerability many hunters had tried on previous occasions to kill them and had failed owing to lack of time. This confirmed the Emopa’s opinion that lions were supernatural beings and that it was useless to hunt them.

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The phrase "the legend that the lions were invulnerable was confirmed by the fact that" indicates that something happened that confirmed the belief that the lions were invulnerable. The following sentence explains that many hunters had previously tried to kill the lions but had failed, which supports the belief that the lions were invulnerable. Therefore, the option closest in meaning to the phrase is "many famous hunters had tried without success in the past to kill the lions".

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

Binta sobbed by the door because she had lost her mother's precious necklace

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The cereal is fortified with multivitamins

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The word "fortified" in this context means that the cereal has been enriched with additional nutrients, usually vitamins and minerals, to make it more nutritious. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "fortified" is "enriched."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

After months of tedious climbing, the team reached the _____ of the mountain

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The correct word to fill the blank is "summit." The sentence is describing a team of climbers who have been climbing a mountain for months and have finally reached the highest point or peak of the mountain. The term used to describe the highest point of a mountain is the "summit." Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank would be "summit." The other options such as "end," "height," and "terminal" do not accurately convey the intended meaning of reaching the highest point of the mountain.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

Aishatu: Could you please give this book to Aminu? Chidi: Certainly, I _____ him on something, so it won't be _____

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The best words that fill the gaps in the conversation are "I'll be seeing/any bother". Chidi's response shows that he is willing to deliver the book to Aminu. He says "Certainly," which means he is ready to do it. Then, he goes on to say "I'll be seeing him on something" which implies that he will be meeting Aminu for some other purpose, and can therefore give him the book at that time without going out of his way. The second part of his response "so it won't be any bother" means that giving the book to Aminu won't be an inconvenience or trouble to him, since he will already be seeing him for some other reason. Therefore, the best words that fit the gaps in the conversation are "I'll be seeing/any bother".

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:

The boss told the man to let sleeping dogs lie

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "let sleeping dogs lie" is "not to look for trouble". The phrase means to avoid stirring up old problems or creating new ones, especially if doing so would cause more trouble than it's worth. The other options do not capture the intended meaning of the phrase: "not to disturb other people" suggests a different context where disturbing others might be an issue, "let the dogs sleep well" is a literal interpretation of the phrase, and "let the trouble begin" is the opposite of the intended meaning.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

Let's have a cup of coffee, _____

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The best word to fill the gap in this sentence would be "shall we?" This is because "shall we?" is a common and polite way to suggest doing something together, like having a cup of coffee. The other options don't work as well in this context. "Will we?" is technically grammatically correct, but it sounds a bit awkward and abrupt. "Should we?" implies a sense of obligation or duty, which doesn't fit with the casual tone of the sentence. "Could we?" is also technically correct, but it sounds more like a question about ability than an invitation to do something together.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

One can no longer take for granted today what _____ enjoyed in the university some years ago, can _____ ?

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The sentence is discussing a general statement about something that was enjoyed by a person in the university some years ago. The statement is not specific to any individual, so the correct option to use in both blanks would be "one/one." Using "you/you" would make the statement sound more personal and directed towards the reader, which is not the intended meaning. Using "he/he" would make it sound like the statement is specifically about a male individual, which is not clear from the context. Using "one/you" would be inconsistent, as the second blank should match the first in order to maintain a consistent tone throughout the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

Yemi said 'i'm coming' to her friend Biola who was waiting for her instead of saying _____

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

It seems fashionable, in some quaters today to decry examinations and the ability to pass them

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The opposite of the word "decry" is "extol". In the given sentence, "decry" means to criticize or speak out against something, in this case, examinations and the ability to pass them. The sentence implies that it is currently fashionable in some quarters to criticize or speak out against examinations and the ability to pass them. Therefore, the opposite of "decry" would be to praise or speak highly of something. The word "extol" means to praise or celebrate, which is the opposite of criticizing or speaking out against something. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "decry" is "extol".

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The term has become indomitable quite recently

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "indomitable" is "unconquerable". "Indomitable" means impossible to defeat or subdue, and "unconquerable" has a similar meaning. The other options have different meanings: "incorrigible" means unable to be corrected or reformed, "disobedient" means refusing to obey rules or authority, and "unruly" means difficult to control or manage.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The potential resources of the university should be fully exploited

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The underlined word "potential" means something that is capable of being developed or used in the future. Therefore, the word that is nearest in meaning to "potential" in the given options is "latent". "Latent" also means something that is present but not yet developed, visible, or active. However, "abundant" means something that is plentiful or existing in large quantities, "important" means significant or essential, and "effective" means successful in producing the desired result. Therefore, the correct option that is nearest in meaning to "potential" is "latent".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

If it had rained, we would have had to postpone the concert. It didn't rain, so _____

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The best option to fill the gap in the sentence is "we didn't have to." The sentence is a conditional statement in the past perfect tense, which refers to a hypothetical situation in the past. The first part of the sentence states the condition that did not happen, i.e., "If it had rained." The second part of the sentence talks about the result of that condition, which did not occur. Therefore, "we didn't have to" is the correct choice because it means that the concert did not need to be postponed since it did not rain. The other options are grammatically incorrect or do not match the context of the sentence.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

The Director is _____ pains to ensure the success of the programme.

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The Director is in pains to ensure the success of the programme.
This is the most appropriate

By the time a child reached the age of two years, the psychologist says he is ‘self-conscious’. This is not the same as the lay use of the term, although there is a connection. The psychologist means that the child is aware that he is a self and not an extension of his mother. This awareness is shown in such behavioural acts as disobedience and the use of the word ‘no’ with emphasis, because the child is aware that he does not have to obey parental commands. Parental commands (moral imperative) are given throughout these two years first for the child’s own safety e.g. ‘Don’t touch the fire and secondly, so that he begins to develop some sense of right and wrong. An adult is able to weigh the consequence of his actions, partly because he has developed a concept of idea of time. The young child lacks this concept and is governed by immediate desires which must be fulfilled. Thus, in some situations, he can be excused for not behaving morally, i.e. making the choice which is ‘good’ for himself and others. In other situations, he knows what is right and chooses not to do it. Immature adults can also behave in this self-centred way.

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined: His antipathy to religious ideas makes him unpopular

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The word underlined in the sentence is "antipathy", which means a strong feeling of dislike or opposition. The opposite of antipathy is a positive feeling of acceptance or openness. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to the word "Underlined" is "receptiveness".

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underlined:

The result of the election would have been different if some people had not been disfranchised

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The underlined word "disfranchised" means "prevented from voting". The sentence suggests that if those who were prevented from voting were allowed to vote, the outcome of the election would have been different. Therefore, the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to "disfranchised" is "prevented from voting."

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

I have the _____ of meeting him

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The correct word to fill the gap is "privilege." A privilege is a special right or advantage that is given to a particular person or group of people. In the context of the sentence, the speaker is asking if they have the privilege or honor of meeting someone, indicating that meeting this person is something special and not to be taken for granted. The options "previledge" and "priviledge" are incorrect spellings of the word "privilege." The correct spelling is with the letter "i" coming before the letter "l."

The importance of the code theory in education lies in the fact that the school system requires the use of an elaborated code but not all students have access to it. The importance of this theory to sociology lies in the fact that the differential access to the elaborated code does not occur randomly but rather is controlled by the class system. Lower working-class urban children tend to have a restricted code. Middle-class children possess both a restricted and an elaborated code. The two groups enter into different types of relationship and learn to express themselves in different ways through language. They do not use language for the same functions, some of which it seems are necessary for the school situation. When the lower working-class child is expected implicity to exploit language for functions, he normally does not express verbally a discontinuity is created between his home and his school environment. He has learned to verbalize certain range of meanings in his home and when he enters school, another range of meaning is required. There is then a very subtle but nonetheless very real, sense in which what is taught is personally irrelevant for this child. The school system does not talk to him. Middle class children possessing both codes experience no such discontinuity. They can use languages for these functions required by the school.

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

Lola was agitated when the sad news of her mother's accidents was broken to her

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The option that is opposite in meaning to the word "Underlined" is "calm". The word "agitated" in the sentence means that Lola was feeling anxious or disturbed. The opposite of feeling agitated is feeling calm, which means to be peaceful, relaxed or composed. Therefore, "calm" is the word that is opposite in meaning to "Underlined".

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

The man who had been seriously ill was convalescing at a sea-side resort

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The word "convalescing" refers to the process of recovering from an illness and regaining one's health. The opposite of this would be "deteriorating in health" or getting worse. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to "convalescing" is "deteriorating in health".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

The shipping company advertised for _____ accountants

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Now, i am used _____ bread without butter.

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If we examine the opportunities for education of girls or women in less developed countries, we usually find a dismal picture. In some countries, the ratio of boys to girls in secondary schools is more than seven to one. What happens to the girls? Often they are kept at home to look after younger siblings and to perform a variety of domestic chores. Their education is not perceived as in any way equal in importance to that of boys. When a non-literate or barely literate girl reaches adolescence, she has little or no qualification for employment, even if her community provides any opportunity for the employment of women. The solution is to get her married as soon as possible, with the inevitable result that she produces children too soon, too often and too late. With no formal education, she is hardly aware that there is any alternative. In a study made in Thailand, it was noted that the literate woman marries later and ceases childbearing earlier than her non-literate counterpart. But the latter is so chained to her household by the necessities of gathering fuel, preparing food and tending children that she is very difficult to reach, even if health services, nutrition, education, maternal and child health centres are available in her community. She does not understand what they are intended to do.

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The phrase 'too late' in the passage implies that the woman goes on producing children when she ought to have stopped. This is because the lack of education and opportunities for women in less developed countries often results in early marriage and early and frequent childbirth, which can lead to health problems and prevent them from pursuing other opportunities.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

We cannot explain his objection _____ the new law

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The correct word to fill the blank is "to." The sentence is indicating that someone has objected to a new law, but the reason for their objection cannot be explained. In this context, the preposition "to" is used to indicate the direction of the objection or the recipient of the objection. Therefore, the most appropriate word to fill in the blank would be "to." The other options such as "for," "with," and "at" do not accurately convey the intended meaning of the sentence.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) underlined:

The principal warned us against burning candle at both ends

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The most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "burning candle at both ends" is "wearing ourselves out". The phrase means to overwork or exhaust oneself by doing too much, especially by staying up late and getting up early to work. The other options are not related to the meaning of this phrase: "being careless with candle" suggests a warning against being careless when handling a candle, "being too generous" means giving too much or being overly liberal, and "disloyal" means unfaithful or not loyal.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

He _____ during the whole of last month

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The best option to fill the gap would be "was sick." This is because the sentence is in the past tense, and "was" is the past tense of "is," which is the linking verb used to describe a state of being. "Has been sick" would be incorrect because it implies that the sickness is still ongoing or just ended recently, which doesn't fit with the timeframe of "the whole of last month." "Had been sick" would also be incorrect because it implies that the sickness started and ended before last month, which again doesn't fit with the timeframe given. "Had sicken" is not a correct grammatical construction in this context.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

The president took exception to the ignoble role the young man played in the matter

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The opposite of the word "ignoble" is "honourable". In the given sentence, "ignoble" is used to describe the role played by the young man, which suggests that the role was dishonorable or not deserving of respect. The word "exception" used in the sentence indicates that the president is taking issue with the young man's role. If the opposite of "ignoble" is chosen, it would indicate that the president has taken issue with the young man's role because it was honorable or deserving of respect. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "ignoble" is "honourable".

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

The policeman was asked to investigate the matter

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The opposite of "underlined" in meaning is "unnoticed" or "ignored". Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to "investigate" (which means to examine or look into) is "forget about" (which means to ignore or neglect). So, the correct answer is "forget about".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

The lecturer said that we _____ be able to finish the next chapter this evening

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The sentence suggests that the lecturer is expressing an opinion or making a prediction about the class's ability to finish the next chapter. Therefore, we need a modal verb that conveys the level of certainty or possibility of the lecturer's statement. Out of the given options, the phrase that correctly fits the sentence and makes sense is "should". This modal verb indicates the likelihood or expectation that the class will be able to finish the next chapter. It also suggests that the lecturer has some confidence in the class's ability to complete the task.

As a rule the Emopa are very brave indeed and are among the few Africans who still hunt lion with the spear. They also kill elephants, not for food but for spear blooding or to prove their manhood. When elephants are located, there is great excitement and fierce competition among the young men. Each tries to be first to blood his spear, the one who does so claims the trophy. No young man is looked upon with favour by the girls until he has won his spurs by killing a dangerous animal.

But as brave as the Emopa are, two fierce man-eaters completely overawed them. This was partly due to the cunning and boldness of the lions, partly to the fact that when hunted, they would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth, where it was impossible for man to poise and throw a spear. Superstition had also added its quota to the fear with which they were regarded. It was said that before starting off on a raid the lions would retire to an open sandy place and there make two rows of depressions in the sand with their paws. Then, using twings as counters, they would play the ancient game of ‘baw’ (a game of unknown antiquity, which resembles draughts and is played all over Africa). If the omens were good they would raid a village and claim a victim, if not, they would wait. Another story had it that the lions were the spirits of two ‘holy men’ who had now come back in this shape to seek their revenge. So strongly was this view held that the local Emopa had petitioned a practising ‘holy man’ to come from a great distance to exorcise the spirits. He came with book, bell and candle and charged a fee of a hundred goats but the lions continued their depredations. To add to the legend of the lions invulnerability many hunters had tried on previous occasions to kill them and had failed owing to lack of time. This confirmed the Emopa’s opinion that lions were supernatural beings and that it was useless to hunt them.

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The famous hunters failed to kill the man-eating lions because they were very cunning and would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth where it was impossible for a man to poise and throw a spear. Additionally, the Emopa people regarded the lions as supernatural beings, making it difficult for them to hunt the lions successfully. Many hunters had tried to kill the lions before but failed due to lack of time.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word underlined: My plans are still up in the air

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The phrase "up in the air" is often used to describe something that is uncertain or undecided, so the option nearest in meaning to this phrase is "uncertain." Therefore, if someone says "My plans are still up in the air," they mean that they have not yet made a firm decision and are unsure about what will happen next.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Why do you worry about such _____ matters?

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The best word to fill the gap in this sentence is "insignificant." "Insignificant" means something that is not important or has little value. The sentence is questioning why someone would worry about something that is not important. The other options are not suitable because "significant" means important or noteworthy, "non-significant" means not having any significant effect or meaning, and "unsignificant" is not a recognized word in the English language.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

I could have agreed with your action if i _____ not _____ you promised to increase the worker's salaries

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The most appropriate options to fill the gap are "had" and "heard" which would make the sentence read as follows: "I could have agreed with your action if I had not heard you promised to increase the worker's salaries." This sentence implies that the speaker had a positive view of the action until they became aware of the promise made to increase the salaries of the workers. The word "had" is used to indicate a past unrealized situation, and "heard" is used to show that the speaker became aware of the promise through hearing it from someone else.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word Underlined: The headmaster decided to make good his promise to the students

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The phrase "make good" in this sentence means to fulfill or keep a promise. The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "fulfil." It means that the headmaster decided to keep his promise and do what he had said he would do for the students. The other options do not accurately convey the same meaning as they refer to different actions such as improving, completing, or realizing, which may not necessarily imply the keeping of a promise.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underlined:

The teacher's face broke into an incredulous smile when he heard Adamu's reason for coming late

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The word "incredulous" means "unwilling or unable to believe something." So, the option that is nearest in meaning to "incredulous" is "unbelievable." Therefore, the correct option is: - unbelievable.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined: Though his parents' poverty placed many obstacle in his path as a young man, Olu succeeded at last.

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The opposite in meaning to the word "obstacle" is "advantages". An obstacle is something that stands in the way and makes it difficult to achieve a goal, while an advantage is something that helps to achieve a goal more easily. In the given sentence, it is stated that despite the obstacles of poverty that Olu faced, he succeeded at last. Therefore, the word that means the opposite of obstacle is "advantages".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

A number of teachers in secondary schools are not so well disposed to _____ these days, _____ they?

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The most appropriate words to fill the gaps in the sentence are "teaching" and "are". Therefore, the correct sentence is "A number of teachers in secondary schools are not so well disposed to teaching these days, are they?" The sentence is discussing the attitudes of some secondary school teachers towards teaching. The phrase "not so well disposed" suggests that these teachers are not very interested or enthusiastic about teaching. The use of "these days" implies that there has been a recent change in their attitude. The word "teaching" is the most suitable choice for the first gap, as it is the action that the teachers are not well disposed to. The word "are" is the correct choice for the second gap, as it is used to form a question and is necessary to ask whether the statement is true or not.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

The pastor said 'lay _____ your hearts to God'

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The correct word to fill the blank is "bare." The sentence is encouraging people to reveal or expose their innermost thoughts, feelings, and desires to God. To "lay bare" means to reveal or expose something completely, so in this context, the phrase "lay bare your hearts to God" means to reveal your truest self to God without any pretenses or facades.

As a rule the Emopa are very brave indeed and are among the few Africans who still hunt lion with the spear. They also kill elephants, not for food but for spear blooding or to prove their manhood. When elephants are located, there is great excitement and fierce competition among the young men. Each tries to be first to blood his spear, the one who does so claims the trophy. No young man is looked upon with favour by the girls until he has won his spurs by killing a dangerous animal.

But as brave as the Emopa are, two fierce man-eaters completely overawed them. This was partly due to the cunning and boldness of the lions, partly to the fact that when hunted, they would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth, where it was impossible for man to poise and throw a spear. Superstition had also added its quota to the fear with which they were regarded. It was said that before starting off on a raid the lions would retire to an open sandy place and there make two rows of depressions in the sand with their paws. Then, using twings as counters, they would play the ancient game of ‘baw’ (a game of unknown antiquity, which resembles draughts and is played all over Africa). If the omens were good they would raid a village and claim a victim, if not, they would wait. Another story had it that the lions were the spirits of two ‘holy men’ who had now come back in this shape to seek their revenge. So strongly was this view held that the local Emopa had petitioned a practising ‘holy man’ to come from a great distance to exorcise the spirits. He came with book, bell and candle and charged a fee of a hundred goats but the lions continued their depredations. To add to the legend of the lions invulnerability many hunters had tried on previous occasions to kill them and had failed owing to lack of time. This confirmed the Emopa’s opinion that lions were supernatural beings and that it was useless to hunt them.

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The case was dismissed for want of evidence

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The phrase "for want of evidence" means that the case was dismissed because there was not enough proof to support it. Option "for lack of proof" is the option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase. It means that the case was dismissed due to the absence or inadequacy of evidence to prove the allegations made. The other options do not accurately convey the same meaning as they refer to different factors such as the absence of facts, opinions, or discussions which may not necessarily be relevant to the dismissal of a case.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The secretary was advised to put on a cheerful disposition whenever the manager arrives

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In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:Tom's aberrant behaviour attracted attention.

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The word "aberrant" in the given sentence means that Tom's behavior was unusual, deviating from what is considered normal or acceptable. The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word is "abnormal." It means that Tom's behavior was not normal or typical, which is consistent with the context of the sentence. The other options do not accurately convey the same meaning as they refer to different aspects of Tom's behavior, such as being rascally, selfish, or heady, which may not necessarily imply that his behavior was abnormal or unusual.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Attention has shifted to the teaching of science nowadays _____ the usefulness of the Arts

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The sentence implies that attention is now focused on teaching science and this has resulted in a decreased emphasis on the arts. Therefore, we need a phrase that indicates the contrast or the opposing relationship between teaching science and the arts. Out of the given options, the phrase that correctly fits the sentence and makes sense is "in spite of". This phrase indicates that despite the attention given to science, there has been a neglect or lack of emphasis on the arts. It also creates a contrasting relationship between science and the arts, which is the intended meaning of the sentence.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:The difference between the experimental procedure was imperceptible to me

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

The chemistry teacher seized the girl's comic _____ during the laboratory work

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The best option to fill the blank is "which she had been reading". This is because the past perfect continuous tense "had been reading" indicates that the girl was in the middle of reading the comic when the teacher took it away. The other options ("which she has been reading", "which she had read", "which she is reading") either do not convey the same sense of ongoing action or use incorrect verb tenses.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underlined:

General Murtala Mohammed excelled in deeds of prowess

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In the given sentence, the word "prowess" refers to General Murtala Mohammed's ability or skill in performing brave or heroic acts. The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word is "courage." It means that General Murtala Mohammed demonstrated great bravery, which is consistent with the context of the sentence. The other options do not accurately convey the same meaning as they refer to different fields, such as warfare, politics, or eloquence, which may not necessarily relate to General Murtala Mohammed's ability to perform heroic acts.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

I can always depend _____ my father for my survival.

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The best word to fill the gap is "on", as it implies relying or counting on someone for support or help. "In" and "by" do not fit the context and meaning of the sentence, while "upon" could be used but it is less commonly used than "on" in this context. Therefore, the sentence would read: "I can always depend on my father for my survival," meaning the speaker trusts their father to provide support for their basic needs.

The importance of the code theory in education lies in the fact that the school system requires the use of an elaborated code but not all students have access to it. The importance of this theory to sociology lies in the fact that the differential access to the elaborated code does not occur randomly but rather is controlled by the class system. Lower working-class urban children tend to have a restricted code. Middle-class children possess both a restricted and an elaborated code. The two groups enter into different types of relationship and learn to express themselves in different ways through language. They do not use language for the same functions, some of which it seems are necessary for the school situation. When the lower working-class child is expected implicity to exploit language for functions, he normally does not express verbally a discontinuity is created between his home and his school environment. He has learned to verbalize certain range of meanings in his home and when he enters school, another range of meaning is required. There is then a very subtle but nonetheless very real, sense in which what is taught is personally irrelevant for this child. The school system does not talk to him. Middle class children possessing both codes experience no such discontinuity. They can use languages for these functions required by the school.

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As a rule the Emopa are very brave indeed and are among the few Africans who still hunt lion with the spear. They also kill elephants, not for food but for spear blooding or to prove their manhood. When elephants are located, there is great excitement and fierce competition among the young men. Each tries to be first to blood his spear, the one who does so claims the trophy. No young man is looked upon with favour by the girls until he has won his spurs by killing a dangerous animal.

But as brave as the Emopa are, two fierce man-eaters completely overawed them. This was partly due to the cunning and boldness of the lions, partly to the fact that when hunted, they would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth, where it was impossible for man to poise and throw a spear. Superstition had also added its quota to the fear with which they were regarded. It was said that before starting off on a raid the lions would retire to an open sandy place and there make two rows of depressions in the sand with their paws. Then, using twings as counters, they would play the ancient game of ‘baw’ (a game of unknown antiquity, which resembles draughts and is played all over Africa). If the omens were good they would raid a village and claim a victim, if not, they would wait. Another story had it that the lions were the spirits of two ‘holy men’ who had now come back in this shape to seek their revenge. So strongly was this view held that the local Emopa had petitioned a practising ‘holy man’ to come from a great distance to exorcise the spirits. He came with book, bell and candle and charged a fee of a hundred goats but the lions continued their depredations. To add to the legend of the lions invulnerability many hunters had tried on previous occasions to kill them and had failed owing to lack of time. This confirmed the Emopa’s opinion that lions were supernatural beings and that it was useless to hunt them.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

Bola broke _____ when he heard the news of the arrest of his twin brother

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The best word to fill the gap in the sentence is "down." "Broke down" is a phrasal verb that means to collapse emotionally, typically due to sadness or shock. In this context, Bola experienced a strong emotional reaction upon hearing the news of his twin brother's arrest, causing him to break down emotionally. Therefore, the correct sentence is: "Bola broke down when he heard the news of the arrest of his twin brother."

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

We are not surprised he was not elected; every one of his constituents _____ that he is unreliable

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The sentence is in the past tense, which means that the correct verb form to use is the past tense. The subject "every one of his constituents" is singular, so the correct verb form to use is "knows." Therefore, the correct option to fill the gap is "knows." The complete sentence would be: "We are not surprised he was not elected; every one of his constituents knows that he is unreliable."

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:The professor's thesis was the precursor of nuclear studies

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "precursor" is "forerunner." "Precursor" means something that comes before and leads to the development of something else. In this context, the professor's thesis is described as the precursor of nuclear studies, meaning that it laid the foundation for the development of nuclear studies. Therefore, the correct sentence could also be: "The professor's thesis was the forerunner of nuclear studies," which means that the professor's thesis came before and paved the way for the development of nuclear studies.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

After Jerry had made the bed, he _____ on it

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The correct word to fill the gap is "lay." The past tense of "lie" is "lay," which means to put or place something in a horizontal position. In this sentence, Jerry is putting the bed in order, which requires him to lay the sheets and blankets on the bed. "Laid" is also a past tense form of "lay," but it is used with an object, not a subject. "Lied" is the past tense of "lie," which means to rest or recline, but it does not make sense in this context.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

My price for the pair of shoes is fifty naira. I cannot _____ anything less than that

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The word that best fits the blank in the given sentence is "settle for." "Settle for" means to accept or agree to something that is less than what you wanted or expected. In this context, the speaker is saying that they cannot accept anything less than fifty naira for the pair of shoes. Therefore, "settle for" fits perfectly in the sentence because it conveys the idea that the speaker cannot accept a price lower than what they are asking for. The other options, "bear with," "agree with," and "tolerate," do not fit the context of the sentence as well as "settle for" does. "Bear with" means to have patience with someone or something, "agree with" means to have the same opinion as someone, and "tolerate" means to endure something unpleasant or difficult. These meanings do not fit the context of the sentence as well as "settle for" does.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

I would have been off to see Biola at Festac Town by the time you _____ tomorrow

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The sentence is in the past perfect tense, which indicates an action that was completed in the past. The phrase "I would have been off" suggests that the speaker is referring to a hypothetical situation in the past. The missing word should also be in the past tense to match the tense of the rest of the sentence. Therefore, the correct answer is "returned." Option A, "returned," is in the past tense and fits grammatically and contextually with the sentence. It indicates that the speaker had already left to see Biola at Festac Town before the time of the other person's return. Option B, "return," is in the present tense and does not fit the tense of the sentence. It suggests that the other person's return is happening in the present, which is not correct. Option C, "are returning," is in the present continuous tense and does not fit the tense of the sentence. It suggests that the other person is currently returning, which is not correct. Option D, "would return," is in the conditional tense and does not fit the tense of the sentence. It suggests a hypothetical situation in the future, which is not correct.

If we examine the opportunities for education of girls or women in less developed countries, we usually find a dismal picture. In some countries, the ratio of boys to girls in secondary schools is more than seven to one. What happens to the girls? Often they are kept at home to look after younger siblings and to perform a variety of domestic chores. Their education is not perceived as in any way equal in importance to that of boys. When a non-literate or barely literate girl reaches adolescence, she has little or no qualification for employment, even if her community provides any opportunity for the employment of women. The solution is to get her married as soon as possible, with the inevitable result that she produces children too soon, too often and too late. With no formal education, she is hardly aware that there is any alternative. In a study made in Thailand, it was noted that the literate woman marries later and ceases childbearing earlier than her non-literate counterpart. But the latter is so chained to her household by the necessities of gathering fuel, preparing food and tending children that she is very difficult to reach, even if health services, nutrition, education, maternal and child health centres are available in her community. She does not understand what they are intended to do.

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The writer emphasizes that in less developed countries, there is a need to give boys and girls equal opportunity in education. Girls in these countries often have limited access to education and are expected to perform domestic chores at home instead. As a result, they are not prepared for employment and are encouraged to marry early, leading to high rates of childbearing. The writer notes that literate women have more opportunities to marry later and have fewer children, but non-literate women are often difficult to reach even if health and education services are available in their communities. Overall, the writer suggests that equal access to education for girls and boys is crucial in less developed countries.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underlined:

We enjoy the story but it sounds larger than life

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The most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase "larger than life" is "somewhat unusual." "Larger than life" is an idiomatic expression used to describe something or someone that is very impressive, exaggerated, or extraordinary. In this context, the speaker is expressing enjoyment of the story but also acknowledging that it seems somewhat unusual or unbelievable, possibly due to its exaggerated or extraordinary nature. Therefore, the correct sentence could also be: "We enjoy the story but it seems somewhat unusual." which means that the story is interesting and enjoyable, but some parts of it may be exaggerated or not entirely believable.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Knowledge of figures of speech as well as idioms and lexical items _____ in this section

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The subject of the sentence is "Knowledge of figures of speech as well as idioms and lexical items", which is a plural noun phrase. Therefore, we need to use a plural verb to agree with the subject. Out of the given options, the phrase that correctly fits the sentence and makes grammatical sense is "is tested". This phrase uses the singular verb "is" to agree with the singular noun "knowledge", which is the subject of the sentence. Even though the subject of the sentence contains multiple elements, the subject itself is singular. Therefore, the correct verb to use is the singular "is".

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: Ngozi spoke to her father quite candidly on her proposed marriage

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The word "candidly" means to speak honestly and openly without hiding anything. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning is "frankly".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

Olu, Akpan and Ovbiagele's _____ make people to believe that they belong to same school of thought

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The correct word to fill the gap in the sentence is "philosophies." "Philosophies" is the plural form of "philosophy," which means a particular set of beliefs, ideas, or principles guiding a person's behavior or thoughts. In this context, the sentence is referring to the beliefs or ideas held by Olu, Akpan, and Ovbiagele, which make people believe that they belong to the same school of thought. Therefore, the correct sentence is: "Olu, Akpan, and Ovbiagele's philosophies make people believe that they belong to the same school of thought."

If we examine the opportunities for education of girls or women in less developed countries, we usually find a dismal picture. In some countries, the ratio of boys to girls in secondary schools is more than seven to one. What happens to the girls? Often they are kept at home to look after younger siblings and to perform a variety of domestic chores. Their education is not perceived as in any way equal in importance to that of boys. When a non-literate or barely literate girl reaches adolescence, she has little or no qualification for employment, even if her community provides any opportunity for the employment of women. The solution is to get her married as soon as possible, with the inevitable result that she produces children too soon, too often and too late. With no formal education, she is hardly aware that there is any alternative. In a study made in Thailand, it was noted that the literate woman marries later and ceases childbearing earlier than her non-literate counterpart. But the latter is so chained to her household by the necessities of gathering fuel, preparing food and tending children that she is very difficult to reach, even if health services, nutrition, education, maternal and child health centres are available in her community. She does not understand what they are intended to do.

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By the time a child reached the age of two years, the psychologist says he is ‘self-conscious’. This is not the same as the lay use of the term, although there is a connection. The psychologist means that the child is aware that he is a self and not an extension of his mother. This awareness is shown in such behavioural acts as disobedience and the use of the word ‘no’ with emphasis, because the child is aware that he does not have to obey parental commands. Parental commands (moral imperative) are given throughout these two years first for the child’s own safety e.g. ‘Don’t touch the fire and secondly, so that he begins to develop some sense of right and wrong. An adult is able to weigh the consequence of his actions, partly because he has developed a concept of idea of time. The young child lacks this concept and is governed by immediate desires which must be fulfilled. Thus, in some situations, he can be excused for not behaving morally, i.e. making the choice which is ‘good’ for himself and others. In other situations, he knows what is right and chooses not to do it. Immature adults can also behave in this self-centred way.

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Silk materials ought be be prohibited _____ being brought into the country

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The correct option to fill the gap is "from". The sentence is discussing the prohibition of silk materials from being brought into the country. Using "from" in this context means that the sentence is talking about preventing the silk materials from originating outside of the country and entering it. Silk materials might be prohibited from being brought into a country for a variety of reasons. For example, it might be because the silk is made using unethical or environmentally harmful practices, or because the government wants to protect local industries that produce similar materials.

In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:

Ogedebge was an Intrepid fighter for human freedom and dignity

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The opposite of "Intrepid" is timid. "Intrepid" means fearless and adventurous. Therefore, the opposite of "Underlined" in meaning is timid.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: The flock suddenly became restive after midday

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The word 'restive' suggests a sense of being uneasy or restless. Therefore, the option closest in meaning to 'restive' is 'fidgety'.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Ladies and gentlemen, our guest speaker, Dr. Oni _____ also a resident doctor at the teaching hospital.

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The best option to fill the gap is "is." The sentence is in the present tense and refers to Dr. Oni's current occupation as a resident doctor at the teaching hospital. The phrase "also a resident doctor at the teaching hospital" is a clue that we are talking about Dr. Oni's current occupation. Therefore, the correct verb form to use is the present tense "is." Option a, "who is," correctly uses the present tense verb "is" to match the tense of the sentence. Option b, "which is," is incorrect because "which" is used to refer to things or objects, not people. Option c, "who was," is incorrect because it uses the past tense verb "was" which does not match the present tense of the sentence. Therefore, option d, "is," is the correct answer to fill the gap in the sentence.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underline:

Olu might visit London next summer

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The most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "might" is "could." "Might" and "could" are both modal verbs used to express possibility or probability. In this context, the speaker is uncertain whether Olu will visit London next summer, but there is a possibility or probability that he may. Therefore, the correct sentence could also be: "Olu could visit London next summer?" which means that it is possible or probable that Olu will visit London next summer.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

The answers to the questions were discussed _____ the students

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In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

I heard that Kayode's car was stolen last night. It _____ be true because I saw him _____ it, this morning.

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In the question below choose the option opposite in meaning to the word Underlined:For millions years, the worlds's resources have remained boundless

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The option opposite in meaning to the underlined word "boundless" is "limited." "Boundless" means unlimited or without bounds, so the statement in the sentence suggests that the world's resources are infinite or inexhaustible. On the other hand, "limited" means restricted or finite, implying that there are boundaries or constraints to the world's resources. Therefore, the correct sentence could be: "For millions of years, the world's resources have remained limited," which means that the world's resources are finite and can be exhausted. Hence, "limited" is the opposite of "boundless" in this context.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: Your reaction underscores the point i was making

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The word "underscores" means emphasizes. In this context, it means that the reaction of the person being addressed highlights or emphasizes the point that the speaker was trying to make. Therefore, the option closest in meaning to the word "underscores" is "emphasizes".

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

It was difficult to _____ a man walking on the moon two centuries

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The best word to fill the gap in the sentence is "imagine." "Imagine" means to form a mental image or concept of something that is not present or that is not yet a reality. In this context, the sentence is referring to the difficulty of picturing a man walking on the moon two centuries ago when such a feat was not yet possible. Therefore, the correct sentence is: "It was difficult to imagine a man walking on the moon two centuries ago."

The importance of the code theory in education lies in the fact that the school system requires the use of an elaborated code but not all students have access to it. The importance of this theory to sociology lies in the fact that the differential access to the elaborated code does not occur randomly but rather is controlled by the class system. Lower working-class urban children tend to have a restricted code. Middle-class children possess both a restricted and an elaborated code. The two groups enter into different types of relationship and learn to express themselves in different ways through language. They do not use language for the same functions, some of which it seems are necessary for the school situation. When the lower working-class child is expected implicity to exploit language for functions, he normally does not express verbally a discontinuity is created between his home and his school environment. He has learned to verbalize certain range of meanings in his home and when he enters school, another range of meaning is required. There is then a very subtle but nonetheless very real, sense in which what is taught is personally irrelevant for this child. The school system does not talk to him. Middle class children possessing both codes experience no such discontinuity. They can use languages for these functions required by the school.

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If we examine the opportunities for education of girls or women in less developed countries, we usually find a dismal picture. In some countries, the ratio of boys to girls in secondary schools is more than seven to one. What happens to the girls? Often they are kept at home to look after younger siblings and to perform a variety of domestic chores. Their education is not perceived as in any way equal in importance to that of boys. When a non-literate or barely literate girl reaches adolescence, she has little or no qualification for employment, even if her community provides any opportunity for the employment of women. The solution is to get her married as soon as possible, with the inevitable result that she produces children too soon, too often and too late. With no formal education, she is hardly aware that there is any alternative. In a study made in Thailand, it was noted that the literate woman marries later and ceases childbearing earlier than her non-literate counterpart. But the latter is so chained to her household by the necessities of gathering fuel, preparing food and tending children that she is very difficult to reach, even if health services, nutrition, education, maternal and child health centres are available in her community. She does not understand what they are intended to do.

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The phrase 'a dismal picture' means a sad situation. It refers to the fact that in less developed countries, the opportunities for education for girls or women are very limited. Girls are often kept at home to do domestic chores and are not perceived to be as important as boys. This lack of education can lead to early marriage and early, frequent, and late childbearing. The situation is very sad because these girls are not given a fair chance to succeed in life.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

The company representative in Nigeria is a _____

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The phrase "smart little Japanese" may be perceived as offensive and disrespectful due to the use of the word "little," which can be interpreted as belittling or infantilizing. Therefore, it would be inappropriate to use in a professional setting. The most appropriate option would be "smart Japanese little," as it maintains the intended meaning while avoiding any potential offense. However, it's worth noting that there may be other more descriptive and respectful ways to refer to the company representative in Nigeria, such as using their name or job title.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Dan and Tina met on the ship and greeted _____

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The correct option is "each other." "Each other" is used when two people or things are doing the same action to each other. In this sentence, Dan and Tina are greeting each other, meaning they are both saying hello to one another. "One another" is also used to indicate reciprocal action between two people or things, so it could be a possible answer as well. However, "themselves" and "theirselves" are reflexive pronouns and don't fit in this context.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

If you want a successful marriage , you _____ pray for it

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The correct answer is "had better". This is because "had better" is a phrase used to give strong advice or a warning about something that is important to do. In this sentence, the speaker is advising that if someone wants a successful marriage, they "had better" pray for it. The phrase "had better" is often used to convey a sense of urgency or importance.

By the time a child reached the age of two years, the psychologist says he is ‘self-conscious’. This is not the same as the lay use of the term, although there is a connection. The psychologist means that the child is aware that he is a self and not an extension of his mother. This awareness is shown in such behavioural acts as disobedience and the use of the word ‘no’ with emphasis, because the child is aware that he does not have to obey parental commands. Parental commands (moral imperative) are given throughout these two years first for the child’s own safety e.g. ‘Don’t touch the fire and secondly, so that he begins to develop some sense of right and wrong. An adult is able to weigh the consequence of his actions, partly because he has developed a concept of idea of time. The young child lacks this concept and is governed by immediate desires which must be fulfilled. Thus, in some situations, he can be excused for not behaving morally, i.e. making the choice which is ‘good’ for himself and others. In other situations, he knows what is right and chooses not to do it. Immature adults can also behave in this self-centred way.

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At the age of two, a child demonstrates an awareness that he or she is a separate individual from others, including his or her mother. This means that the child understands that he or she has his or her own thoughts, feelings, and desires that are distinct from those of other people. This awareness is shown in the child's behavior, such as disobedience and the use of the word "no" with emphasis, because the child knows that he or she does not have to obey parental commands. This is not the same as thinking only of oneself, but rather understanding that one's own perspective and needs exist and are separate from others.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

The competitor who _____ earlier on has started _____ again

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The competitor who fainted earlier on has started running again. This option makes the most sense in the context of the sentence. It suggests that the competitor had a medical emergency or physical exhaustion earlier and had to stop, but has now recovered and started running again. The verb tense is consistent, using the past simple for the first action (fainted) and the present participle for the ongoing action (running). The other options do not match the grammar and meaning of the sentence as well.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined:A number or people impersonating tax-official were arraigned before the Chief Magistrate this morning

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The word "arraigned" in this context means that the group of people who were impersonating tax officials were formally charged and presented before a court of law. The option nearest in meaning to the underlined phrase is "brought." It means that the group of people were taken or presented before the Chief Magistrate for a legal proceeding. The other options do not accurately convey the same meaning as they refer to different actions such as arranging, parading, or moving, which may not necessarily imply a legal proceeding.

As a rule the Emopa are very brave indeed and are among the few Africans who still hunt lion with the spear. They also kill elephants, not for food but for spear blooding or to prove their manhood. When elephants are located, there is great excitement and fierce competition among the young men. Each tries to be first to blood his spear, the one who does so claims the trophy. No young man is looked upon with favour by the girls until he has won his spurs by killing a dangerous animal.

But as brave as the Emopa are, two fierce man-eaters completely overawed them. This was partly due to the cunning and boldness of the lions, partly to the fact that when hunted, they would always retreat into dense riverine and undergrowth, where it was impossible for man to poise and throw a spear. Superstition had also added its quota to the fear with which they were regarded. It was said that before starting off on a raid the lions would retire to an open sandy place and there make two rows of depressions in the sand with their paws. Then, using twings as counters, they would play the ancient game of ‘baw’ (a game of unknown antiquity, which resembles draughts and is played all over Africa). If the omens were good they would raid a village and claim a victim, if not, they would wait. Another story had it that the lions were the spirits of two ‘holy men’ who had now come back in this shape to seek their revenge. So strongly was this view held that the local Emopa had petitioned a practising ‘holy man’ to come from a great distance to exorcise the spirits. He came with book, bell and candle and charged a fee of a hundred goats but the lions continued their depredations. To add to the legend of the lions invulnerability many hunters had tried on previous occasions to kill them and had failed owing to lack of time. This confirmed the Emopa’s opinion that lions were supernatural beings and that it was useless to hunt them.

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According to the passage, the answer is "many famous hunters had tried and failed to kill the lions." This is not a superstitious reason for fearing the lions, but rather a factual one based on the experiences of previous hunters who had attempted to kill the lions and failed. The other options given are all examples of superstitious beliefs about the lions, such as their supposed ability to play a game to determine whether to proceed with a raid, or their being the spirits of two holy men seeking revenge.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

'Be that as _____ we are determined to get to the root of the matter!' shouted the officer

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The best phrase to fill the gap in the sentence is "it may". The phrase "Be that as it may" means that the speaker acknowledges the previous statement or situation, but still insists on making their own point. In this case, the officer is acknowledging that there may be some obstacles, but still insists that they will get to the root of the matter.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

The buildings damaged by the rainstorm _____schools, hospitals and private houses

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The sentence is in the past tense and refers to some buildings that were damaged by a rainstorm. Out of the given options, the word that best fits the sentence is "included." This is because "included" is the past tense of the verb "include," which means to contain or have something as part of a whole. Therefore, the correct sentence is "The buildings damaged by the rainstorm included schools, hospitals, and private houses."

If we examine the opportunities for education of girls or women in less developed countries, we usually find a dismal picture. In some countries, the ratio of boys to girls in secondary schools is more than seven to one. What happens to the girls? Often they are kept at home to look after younger siblings and to perform a variety of domestic chores. Their education is not perceived as in any way equal in importance to that of boys. When a non-literate or barely literate girl reaches adolescence, she has little or no qualification for employment, even if her community provides any opportunity for the employment of women. The solution is to get her married as soon as possible, with the inevitable result that she produces children too soon, too often and too late. With no formal education, she is hardly aware that there is any alternative. In a study made in Thailand, it was noted that the literate woman marries later and ceases childbearing earlier than her non-literate counterpart. But the latter is so chained to her household by the necessities of gathering fuel, preparing food and tending children that she is very difficult to reach, even if health services, nutrition, education, maternal and child health centres are available in her community. She does not understand what they are intended to do.

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The non-literate woman is very difficult to reach because she does not understand the value of education and health services. Due to a lack of formal education, these women are unaware of the importance of education and health services. They may also be preoccupied with household duties such as gathering fuel, preparing food, and taking care of their children. Even if health services, nutrition, education, and maternal and child health centers are available in their community, they may not understand their purpose or how to access them. Therefore, it becomes challenging to provide them with the necessary education and services to improve their lives.

In the question below choose the most appropriate option nearest in meaning to the word(s) or phrase(s) in underlined:

Biola decided to give the task everything he had

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In the given sentence, the phrase "everything he had" means that Biola decided to give the task his maximum effort, energy, and resources. Out of the given options, the word that is nearest in meaning to this phrase is "complete attention." Therefore, the sentence means that Biola decided to focus his attention and put in his maximum effort to complete the task successfully.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap:

Animals in _____ behave differently from animals living in the natural habitat

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Animals in captivity behave differently from animals living in their natural habitat. Captivity refers to the state of being held in a confined space or enclosure, such as a zoo or aquarium. In captivity, animals are often unable to carry out their natural behaviors and instincts, which can lead to stress, frustration, and abnormal behavior. They may also have limited space and resources, which can impact their physical and mental health. Therefore, it is important to ensure that animals in captivity are provided with suitable habitats and enrichment activities to promote their well-being.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word underlined: The advertisement served as a smoke screen for the activities of the company

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The phrase "smoke screen" usually refers to an action taken to conceal or obscure something else. In this context, the advertisement is being used as a "smoke screen" to hide or distract from the company's true activities. The option that is nearest in meaning is "a camouflage", as it also implies the act of covering up or hiding something. Therefore, the correct option is "a camouflage".

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase underlined: What he received from the visitors was invaluable

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The underlined word "invaluable" means something that is extremely valuable or precious and cannot be measured in terms of money. Out of the given options, the word that is nearest in meaning to "invaluable" is "priceless." Therefore, the sentence means that what he received from the visitors was extremely valuable or precious and cannot be measured in terms of money.

In the question below choose the word(s) or phrase(s) which best fill(s) the gap(s):

No matter to whom i _____ , nobody in the crowd had a clue to what was going on

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The sentence implies that the speaker interacted with others, but they did not have any idea about what was happening. The best option that can fill the blank in the sentence is "talked" or "spoke." Therefore, the correct sentence is, "No matter to whom I talked, nobody in the crowd had a clue to what was going on." The other options like "asked," "turned," and "contacted" do not fit the context of the sentence, and they do not provide a grammatically correct structure.

In the question below choose the option nearest in meaning to the word underlined: The judge always takes a hardline on such issues

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The word "hardline" means an uncompromising stand. In this context, it means that the judge is very strict and inflexible when dealing with such issues. He or she is not willing to make concessions or compromises, but instead, takes a tough stance. Therefore, the option closest in meaning to the word "hardline" is "uncompromising stand".