JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2008

Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letters underlined.

Air?

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The option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letters underlined in "air" is "heir."

Choose the word that has a stress pattern on the first syllables.

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The word that has a stress pattern on the first syllable is "bachelor". The stress is on the first syllable "bach" while the other syllables are unstressed. The words "forget", "cement" and "ago" have the stress on the second syllable, third syllable and first syllable respectively.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

He ______ the picture on the table?

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The best option to complete the sentence is "laid". "Laid" is the past tense of the verb "lay", which means to put something down in a horizontal position. In this sentence, the subject probably put a picture down on the table, so "laid" would be the correct verb choice. "Lay" is also a past tense form of the same verb, but it is used in a different way - it is the past tense of "lie", which means to recline or be in a horizontal position. "Lied" is the past tense of "lie", but it means to make a false statement, not to put something down. "Lain" is also a past tense form of "lie", but it is not used in this sentence - it would be used to describe a state of being in a horizontal position, not an action of putting something down.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

Our teacher described Agbo's story as a phantom?

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The closest meaning to the underlined word "phantom" is "fanciful". Phantom refers to something that is not real, but only imagined or believed to exist. Similarly, fanciful means something that is imaginary or not based on reality, but instead created by the imagination. In the given sentence, the teacher described Agbo's story as something that is not real or based on actual events, but instead created by Agbo's imagination. Therefore, the appropriate option is "fanciful".

There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country’s court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits, no matter how frivolous. The country’s lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 2.3 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country’s new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticize as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, ‘there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system’. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streaming the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risk of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country’s business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. ‘Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,’ says an observer.

The reasons for the country’s judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capital than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100, 00 people. And the state itself, which account for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The officer has discussed the vexed issue of incessant power failure?

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The option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is: "The officer added his voice to the much discussed problem of power cut." This is because the sentence suggests that the officer has talked about the issue of frequent power failures, but it does not mention anything about the officer being angry or telling people not to be angry. Instead, it implies that the officer has joined in the ongoing discussion about this common problem.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

He wants the meeting to be adjourned?

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Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the others.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

The speaker was rather bold in his presentation of the case?

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The option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word "bold" is "reserved." In this sentence, "bold" means confident, fearless, or daring. The speaker was probably forceful and assertive in presenting their case. Therefore, "reserved," which means shy or hesitant, is the opposite of "bold." The other options do not express the opposite of "bold." "Unfair" means not just or impartial, "ashamed" means embarrassed or guilty, and "formal" means following established conventions or protocol. None of these options convey the opposite meaning of "bold."

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

Kanuri is a language _____ ?

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, "that I can't speak it well," best completes the sentence. The phrase "that I can't speak it well" is a relative clause that modifies the noun "language." The relative pronoun "that" is used to introduce the clause and "it" refers to the language being discussed, Kanuri. Therefore, the sentence means "Kanuri is a language that I can't speak well."

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

He needn't have bought that table?

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The sentence means that he bought the table, but it wasn't necessary for him to do so. Therefore, the best option is: "He bought the table, but it wasn't necessary."

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

Some aspect of their culture are out of date?

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The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 24 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the ga.

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Choose the option that best has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined?

thatch?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

On the first day of her examination, amina felt very confident?

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The attempt to count the population was largely successful?

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The word "largely" indicates that the attempt to count the population was mostly successful, but not necessarily completely successful. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "largely" is "mostly".

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The governor has approved the award of the contract?

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The option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word "approved" is "endorsed." In this sentence, "approved" means that the governor has given official permission or authorization for the award of the contract. "Endorsed" means to give approval or support to something, which is very similar in meaning to "approved." The other options do not convey the same meaning as "approved." "Appreciated" means to be thankful or grateful for something. "Acknowledged" means to recognize or admit something is true or valid. "Vetoed" means to reject or cancel a decision or proposal. None of these options have the same meaning as "approved."

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

Agbo could not travel as he had come _____ influenza?

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The best option that completes the sentence is "down with". "Down with" is a common phrase used to describe someone who is ill or unable to function normally due to an illness. Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can cause fever, cough, body aches, and fatigue. Therefore, the sentence means that Agbo is unable to travel because he is currently suffering from influenza.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

My mother had _______ the fire wood before it began to rain.

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The correct option is "split" because it is the past participle form of the verb "split" which means to divide or break something into smaller parts. In this sentence, the action of splitting the firewood was completed before it began to rain. "Splited" and "splitted" are incorrect forms of the verb, and "splitting" is the present participle form which doesn't fit in the context of the sentence.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

By the end of this month, _____ for years in this school?

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The best option to complete the sentence is "I will have been studying for years in this school". This is because the sentence is referring to a future point in time, the end of the month, and the speaker is indicating that they will have been studying for some time up until that point. The correct option, "I will have been studying", is in the future perfect continuous tense, which is used to describe an ongoing action that will be completed at a specific point in the future.

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There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country’s court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits, no matter how frivolous. The country’s lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 2.3 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country’s new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticize as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, ‘there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system’. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streaming the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risk of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country’s business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. ‘Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,’ says an observer.

The reasons for the country’s judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capital than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100, 00 people. And the state itself, which account for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

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Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

Uncle Ochai now has enough money to completes his ______ building?

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Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

You don't like Mathematics, _____ you?

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The best option to complete the sentence is "do". This is because the sentence is a question and requires an auxiliary verb to form the question correctly. The word "don't" is incorrect because it would create a negative statement rather than a question. The word "can't" is also incorrect because it means that the person is not able to like mathematics, which is not the same as asking whether they do or don't like it. Finally, the word "can" is also incorrect because it is not a suitable auxiliary verb for forming a question in this context.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

I find the way she approaches her customers quite repugnant?

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The word "repugnant" means extremely distasteful, unacceptable or offensive. So, the option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word is "unpleasant".

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

The young man has _____ to sober _____after being drunk?

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The correct answer is "begun / up". "Begun" is the past participle of "begin," which is used here to indicate that the young man started to do something. "To sober up" means to become less drunk, so the correct preposition to use with "sober" is "up." Therefore, the sentence should read: "The young man has begun to sober up after being drunk."

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken pen to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostrate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostrate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostrate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

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Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters.

melodramatic?

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The appropriate stress pattern for "melodramatic" is meloDRAmatic. This means that the third syllable is stressed. When we say "meloDRAmatic", we put more emphasis or force on the third syllable "DRA".

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken pen to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostrate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostrate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostrate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

The students vandalized their hostel during the riot?

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The word "vandalized" means to intentionally damage or destroy property, usually public or private property. An option that is opposite in meaning would mean to repair or protect property. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to "vandalized" is "repaired."

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

It was too cold for him to go out?

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The sentence "It was too cold for him to go out" means that the weather was very cold, and as a result, he did not go out. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "As it was very cold, he did not go out".

Choose the option that best has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined?

Waist?

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Fete___(noun)\ˈfāt, ˈfet\, waist_____ (noun) \ˈwāst\, Says____(verb) \ˈsā, Plait____(noun) \ˈplāt, Breakfast____(noun)\ˈbrek-fəst\.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The principal detested his recalcitrant attitude?

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The word "recalcitrant" refers to someone who is stubbornly disobedient or uncooperative. Therefore, the option nearest in meaning is "disobedient".

Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in some meeting s a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was beginning of life. ‘When did life begin?’ asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was born honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of English-Language – ‘The rich also cry’. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own period of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled, in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem. When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician’s prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are not just only a problem to themselves but also to others in society.

At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

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Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

My father is one of the vociferous few challenging the company's appointment of the manager?

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The correct option is: "My father is one of those objecting to the appointment of the manager". This means that there are several people who are raising objections against the company's appointment of the manager, and the speaker's father is one of them. The word "vociferous" means expressing strong feelings or opinions loudly and clearly, so it reinforces the idea that the speaker's father is actively objecting to the appointment.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

The hotel lacks the _____ for accommodating so many guests?

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The correct option is "capacity". The sentence is referring to the hotel's physical space to accommodate guests, not their ability, competence, or capability to do so. "Capacity" means the maximum amount that something can contain or hold, so in this context, it refers to the number of guests the hotel can accommodate at one time.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The man described his son a a wilful character?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "wilful" is "obstinate." "Wilful" means someone who is determined to do what they want, even if it's not a good idea, while "obstinate" means someone who is stubborn and refuses to change their opinion or behavior, even if it's not rational.

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken pen to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostrate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostrate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostrate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

Which type of this paper are you answering?

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Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in some meeting s a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was beginning of life. ‘When did life begin?’ asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was born honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of English-Language – ‘The rich also cry’. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own period of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled, in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem. When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician’s prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are not just only a problem to themselves but also to others in society.

At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

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The answer is "Identification". The statement "I had been present myself in such meetings a number of times" indicates that the writer personally attended the meetings being referred to, thereby identifying with the experience.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

The condition of the hotels has become deplorable?

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The opposite of "deplorable" is "admirable". "Deplorable" means something that is very bad and unacceptable, while "admirable" means something that is very good and deserving of respect and admiration. Therefore, the correct option opposite in meaning to the underlined word is "admirable".

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

You must practices in order to _____ perfection?

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The correct option that best completes the sentence is "achieve". The sentence implies that one needs to practice in order to achieve perfection. The word "achieve" means to reach or accomplish a desired goal, and in this context, it suggests that perfection is the goal that can be attained only through practice.

Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the others.

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To determine the stress pattern of each word, we need to identify which syllable is pronounced with greater emphasis or force than the others. The stress pattern of "original" is o-RI-gi-nal, with the second syllable being the most strongly pronounced. The stress pattern of "deplorable" is de-PLO-ra-ble, with the second syllable being the most strongly pronounced. The stress pattern of "ability" is a-BI-li-ty, with the second syllable being the most strongly pronounced. The stress pattern of "revolution" is re-vo-LU-tion, with the third syllable being the most strongly pronounced. Therefore, the word with a different stress pattern from the others is "revolution," with the stress pattern being on the third syllable, while the other three words have the stress pattern on the second syllable. Therefore, the answer is "revolution."

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken pen to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostrate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostrate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostrate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

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The sentence "That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable" means that the consumers do not know too much about the vegetable, only the basic information such as it being a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

The voyager's fetched up Nigeria?

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Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the others.

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The doctor tried to soothe the patient before the operation?

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The closest meaning to the underlined word "soothe" is "calm". In the given sentence, the doctor tried to reassure or comfort the patient by saying kind words to help the patient feel less anxious or nervous about the operation. Similarly, the word "calm" means to make someone feel relaxed or less agitated or stressed. Therefore, the most appropriate option is "calm".

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

chalet?

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The underlined consonant sound in "chalet" is "ch" which is pronounced like "sh". The option that has the same consonant sound is "champagne" because it also has the "ch" sound. The other options do not have the same consonant sound as "chalet".

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

Scientists have invented ways of preserving fruits much longer?

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The closest meaning to the underlined word "invented" is "devised". In the given sentence, the word "invented" means that the scientists have created or come up with new methods for preserving fruits for a longer period. Similarly, the word "devised" also means to come up with a plan or an idea through creative thinking or inventiveness. Therefore, the most appropriate option is "devised".

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

I cannot stand Simon. I find his attitude offensive?

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Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in some meeting s a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was beginning of life. ‘When did life begin?’ asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was born honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of English-Language – ‘The rich also cry’. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own period of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled, in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem. When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician’s prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are not just only a problem to themselves but also to others in society.

At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

it can be inferred from the passage that the writer

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The passage does not suggest that the writer eagerly discusses terminally ill and insane people, nor does it show that the writer has no regard for them. Rather, the writer acknowledges the difficulties of life and discusses how people, whether rich or poor, can face challenges and hardships. The writer also suggests that there are some situations, such as terminal illness or insanity, where silence may be more appropriate than discussion. Therefore, the option that best fits the passage is that the writer would rather not discuss a group of people.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

The police officer warned the _____ communities against taking the law _____ hands?

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The correct option is "feuding / into their own". The sentence means that the police officer warned the communities who were in conflict with each other not to take the law into their own hands. "Feuding" means being in a state of prolonged mutual hostility, especially between families or communities, and "into their own hands" means taking the responsibility to punish someone or do something oneself, rather than leaving it to the authorities.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

He brought a _____ against his neighbour?

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The sentence is in the past tense and the subject "he" brought something against his neighbor. Therefore, the missing word must be a noun that indicates a legal action or proceeding. Among the given options, the only noun that fits the context is "complaint." A complaint is a formal statement of dissatisfaction or wrongdoing made to an authority or person in charge, especially a legal authority. Therefore, the option that best completes the sentence is "complaint."

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 19 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 20 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

I knocked at his door, but he _____

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The best option to complete the sentence is "had already left". This means that the person knocked at the door after the other person had already left the place.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

Last Tuesday, Ochonu asked me ______?

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The sentence is in the past tense and the speaker is talking about a question that Ochonu asked them last Tuesday. The correct option is "whether I had come before" because it is a question about a past action, and Ochonu is asking if the speaker had come before a certain time or event.

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type B, Type E and Type K.

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken pen to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostrate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostrate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostrate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

The lady was completely nonplussed when her suitor rejected her gifts?

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The opposite of "prevailing" is "uncommon". In the given sentence, "prevailing" means that the weather condition currently exists and is dominant or widespread. Therefore, the opposite would be a weather condition that is not commonly or currently present in that area.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

Mutual love is what Kabi and Musa have in common and nothing else?

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Option: One-sided. Explanation: The word "mutual" implies that both parties share the same feelings, thoughts or interests towards each other. In this context, "mutual love" means both Kabi and Musa have love for each other. Therefore, the opposite of "mutual" would be "one-sided", which means only one person has the feelings or interest, while the other person doesn't.

Choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Judge

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Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters.

photography?

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

there is now a dearth of talent in the industry, she said?

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The opposite in meaning to the underlined word "dearth" would be an option that represents the opposite of a scarcity or shortage of something. Therefore, the correct option would be "an abundance" which means a large quantity of something.

Select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

In those days in this school, everyone who spoke in a language other than English paid a fine of ten naira?

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The sentence states that during a specific time period at a certain school, individuals who spoke in a language other than English were required to pay a fine of ten naira. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "Those who spoke a language other than English on the premises paid a fine of ten naira."

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

Participation in the programme is optional?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "optional" is "a matter of choice". This means that participating in the programme is not required or mandatory, but rather it is up to the individual's discretion whether or not they want to take part. The word "optional" indicates that there is no obligation or compulsion to participate. It is important to note that the other options do not convey the same meaning, as "unnecessary" suggests that participation is not needed at all, "recommended" implies that participation is encouraged, and "hard to justify" implies that there may be reasons to question or challenge the decision to participate.

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 18 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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The appropriate option for the gap number 18 is "anxiety". It refers to the fear of someone standing at a height or discussing a topic they know well. Anxiety is a reaction to a perceived danger or threat that may or may not be proportionate to the actual level of danger. The other options, such as incompetence, anger, and immaturity, do not accurately describe the fear or reaction in this context.

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 21 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the ga.

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Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

The condition of the room was so _____so i went outside?

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The sentence implies that the room was in a state that was difficult to tolerate or endure, causing the speaker to go outside. Therefore, the correct option is "intolerable", meaning unbearable or too unpleasant to deal with.

There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country’s court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits, no matter how frivolous. The country’s lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 2.3 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country’s new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticize as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, ‘there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system’. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streaming the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risk of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country’s business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. ‘Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,’ says an observer.

The reasons for the country’s judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capital than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100, 00 people. And the state itself, which account for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

we can infer that the neighbouring country has more foreign investments because it

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Based on the information given in the passage, we can infer that the neighbouring country has more foreign investments because it has a more efficient judiciary. The passage states that the dysfunctional courts in the country in question increase the risk for foreign investors and slow the growth of industries like construction and retail. In contrast, the observer quoted in the passage believes that "speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment." Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the neighbouring country has a more efficient judiciary, which attracts more foreign investment.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

_____ of the students turned up, so the lecture was cancelled?

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The best option to complete the sentence is "few." The word "few" is used to describe a small number of countable objects, such as people in this case. It means that not many students turned up for the lecture, so the event was cancelled. On the other hand, "little" is used to describe an amount of uncountable objects, such as water or time. For example, "There is little water left in the bottle." Therefore, "little" is not appropriate to complete the sentence as it does not accurately describe the number of students who turned up. The option "a few" could also be considered correct, but it implies that there were some students who showed up, albeit not enough for the lecture to proceed. However, without any further context, it is difficult to determine if this option is more appropriate than "few."

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

The plan to merge the two local government areas has met with much apathy?

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The opposite meaning of the underlined word 'apathy' is enthusiasm. Apathy refers to the lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern about something, while enthusiasm refers to a feeling of excitement, interest, or eagerness about something. Therefore, the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word is (D) enthusiasm.

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 22 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 16 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in some meeting s a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was beginning of life. ‘When did life begin?’ asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was born honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of English-Language – ‘The rich also cry’. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own period of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled, in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem. When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician’s prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are not just only a problem to themselves but also to others in society.

At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

which of the following explains the writer’s conception

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

My father is always very frank about intentions?

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The option that is opposite in meaning to the underlined word "frank" is "secretive." In this sentence, "frank" means that the father is open and honest about his intentions. He probably does not hesitate to speak his mind and express his thoughts. Therefore, "secretive," which means inclined to conceal one's thoughts, feelings, or actions, is the opposite of "frank." The other options do not convey the opposite meaning of "frank." "Open" means transparent and honest. "Objective" means impartial and unbiased. "Deceitful" means intentionally misleading or dishonest. None of these options are opposite in meaning to "frank."

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The union officials suddenly became restive?

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Choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters.

xenophobia?

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Choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined.

Colonel?

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Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The man would not withdraw what he had said?

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The best option that is nearest in meaning to the underlined word "withdraw" is "take back." To "withdraw" something means to remove or retract it, usually a statement or something that has been said. In this sentence, the man is not willing to take back what he has said, which means he is not willing to change his statement or retract it. The other options are not suitable because they have different meanings. "Take out" means to remove something physically, like taking out a book from a library shelf. "Take away" means to remove something or someone from a place. "Take from" means to subtract or remove a part from a whole. None of these options capture the meaning of "withdraw" in this sentence.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The charge brought against my brother was hardly tenable?

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There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country’s court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits, no matter how frivolous. The country’s lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 2.3 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country’s new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticize as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, ‘there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system’. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streaming the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risk of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country’s business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. ‘Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,’ says an observer.

The reasons for the country’s judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capital than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100, 00 people. And the state itself, which account for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

judicial reforms need to be effected because the country

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Choose the word that has a stress pattern on the first syllables.

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Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

His kind-hearted master bought him a motorcycle?

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The option opposite in meaning to "kind-hearted" is "stingy". "Kind-hearted" refers to someone who is caring, compassionate, and considerate, while "stingy" means being unwilling to spend money or give resources to others.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The disagreement between the two men became obvious during the meeting?

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The option nearest in meaning to the underlined word "disagreement" is "confrontation". "Disagreement" means a lack of consensus or difference in opinion. "Confrontation" means a clash or disagreement between two parties, often resulting in a heated argument or disagreement. This fits the context of the sentence, as the disagreement between the two men became obvious during the meeting, suggesting a confrontation or argument occurred.

Choose the option nearest in meaning to the underlined word.

The popularity of the military dictator waned after the war?

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The word 'waned' suggests a decrease in popularity, which means that the popularity of the military dictator decreased after the war. Therefore, the option that is nearest in meaning to 'waned' is 'declined'.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

As a public officer, he should act with scrupulous honesty at all times.

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The opposite in meaning to the underlined word "scrupulous" is "careless." Scrupulous means being diligent, thorough, and attentive to detail, especially with regards to ethical or moral standards. In this context, it means that the public officer should act with complete honesty and integrity. Careless means being inattentive or negligent, and in this context, it would imply that the public officer is not acting with the required honesty and is not careful in their actions.

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

If you are not careful, you would _____ your money?

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The correct option is "lose". The sentence is warning the listener that if they are not careful, they will lose their money. "Lose" means to fail to keep something, especially when you had it before, which is what the sentence is implying. "Loss" is a noun that refers to the act of losing or the state of no longer having something. "Loose" means not tight or free from constraint, and "lost" is the past tense of "lose".

Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

When he _____ from his journey, tell him I want to see him?

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The option that best completes the sentence is "returns". This is because the sentence is in the future tense, indicating that the person in question is currently on a journey and is expected to come back at some point in the future. Therefore, the appropriate verb to use in this context is "returns", which means coming or going back to a place or person after having been away. The other options do not fit the context of the sentence. "Might have returned" suggests uncertainty or doubt, "returned" implies that the person is already back from the journey, and "must have returned" implies a strong assumption that the person is back from the journey, which may not be the case.

Life is often difficult to describe. Men of wisdom in every society often find time to discuss life in order to explain it to the younger generation. I had been present in some meeting s a number of times. One topic that was discussed in one of them was beginning of life. ‘When did life begin?’ asked one of the men of wisdom. It was such an open-ended question. None of us could say precisely what happened when he was born. If he was born poor, he hardly would be very rich, particularly, if he was born honest in a corrupt society. If he was born rich, he might lose all his riches in one day. So, we often gather to tell one another about life. Recently, a statement was introduced into the vocabulary of English-Language – ‘The rich also cry’. The statement demonstrates, to a large extent, that even the rich people have their own period of time when life may prove very difficult and even meaningless to them. Have you not heard the experience of a very rich family whose vast business empire crumbled, in just one day? I have heard of a very rich man who lost his wife and three children in just one accident. Another rich man lost his thriving manufacturing company in an inferno. The compensation from his insurer could not solve half his financial problem. When one is poverty-stricken, that is a difficult dimension to the story of life. The poor person may prefer to die. Imagine when members of a family eat once a day! The quality of food becomes a different kettle of fish in such a circumstance. The dietician’s prayer that every normal human being must have a balance diet is cock and bull story to the poor. It is either that the poor do not have any opportunity that serves as recourse for them to be rich or that they are lazy people. Provisions must be made to create opportunities for self-development and self-realization. A lazy person cannot have his cake and eat it. People like him are not just only a problem to themselves but also to others in society.

At times, such people are dangerous to their communities.

Finally, what can one say about people who are terminally ill or insane? Perhaps silence becomes golden in that respect.

According to the passage, dietician’s is one that

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According to the passage, the dietician's prayer that every normal human being must have a balanced diet is a "cock and bull story to the poor." This means that the dietician's advice may be well-intentioned but is not practical or applicable to the poor due to their circumstances. Therefore, option B "The poor will not believe in" is the most appropriate answer.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

Men from the agency went into the market in search of unwholesome food items?

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The word "unwholesome" suggests that the food items being searched for are harmful or not suitable for consumption. Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning is "healthy", which means good for consumption and beneficial to one's health.

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 23 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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The best option to complete the gap is "as to." The sentence requires a preposition to show that the decision is about something, and "as to" is the appropriate phrase to introduce the decision as being about the proportionality of the reaction.

Choose the option opposite in meaning to the underlined word.

Always strive to get what is legitimate?

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The opposite word of "legitimate" is "illicit". "Legitimate" refers to something that is lawful, authorized, or accepted by the rules and regulations of a particular society or organization. For example, a legitimate business is one that is registered and operates within the laws of a given country. On the other hand, "illicit" means something that is illegal, forbidden, or not approved by the laws or rules of a particular society or organization. For example, the use of illicit drugs is considered to be against the law in many countries. Therefore, the word opposite in meaning to "legitimate" is "illicit".

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 – 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

When a mother is afraid that her child would die when it has only a pimple or a slight headache, we speak of anxiety. But if she is afraid when the child has a serious illness, we call her reaction ….16…. [A. hysteria B. xenophobia C. fear D. foolish]. If someone is afraid whenever he stands on a height or when he has to discuss ….17…. [A. workshop B. a seminar C. a topic D. an exercise] he knows well, we call his reaction ….18…. [A. incompetence B. anxiety C. anger D. immaturity]; if someone is afraid when he loses his way high up the mountain during a heavy thunderstorm, we would seek of ….19…. [A trepidation B. ignorance C. depression D. apprehension]. Thus far, we have a simple and near distinction between the two, namely, one is a reaction that is proportionate to the danger one has to face whereas the other is ….20…. [A. an unrelated B. a dissimilar C. an equal D. an unparalleled] reaction to danger or even a reaction to ….21…. [A. imaginary B. unrealistic C. ominous D. unusual] danger. This distinction has one ….22…. [A. direction B. flavor C. flaw D. meaning], however, which is that the decision ….23…. [A as to B. as from C. as in D. as of] whether the reaction is proportionate depends on the average knowledge existing in the particular ….24…. [A. medium B. culture C. feature D. institution]. But, even if that knowledge proclaims a certain attitude to be unfounded, a neurotic will find no difficulty in giving his action a ….25…. [A. rational B. reactional C. proactive D. radical] foundation.

In question number 25 above choose the best option from letters A- D that best complete the gap

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The best option to complete the gap is "rational". In the context of the sentence, it means that a neurotic person can give a rational foundation to their actions, even if the attitude or fear is unfounded or not based on reality. They may have a reason that seems logical to them, even if it is not objectively rational or based on facts. Therefore, option A, "rational", is the most suitable choice to complete the gap.

There is a joke in a country that the closest anyone will come to experiencing eternity is the country’s court system. The problem is a strange aversion to settling cases. Judges pass them along to somebody else and rarely dismiss lawsuits, no matter how frivolous. The country’s lower courts have a backlog of about 20 million civil and criminal cases. An additional 2.3 million cases are pending before the high courts, while the Supreme Court has about 20,000 old cases on the docket. Many of those cases will take far longer than 16 years to resolve.

But now, experts say, the country’s new Prime Minister is committed to fixing the problem. And the judiciary itself, long criticize as insular and resistant to change, seems finally to have concluded that changes are needed. The chief Justice of the Supreme Court has declared that soon the country will reduce its massive case backlog. After that, ‘there will be no place for any corruption or indolence in the system’. His choice of words was telling. Whatever moral imperative exists, the chief reason that the country is getting serious about streaming the legal system is economic. Dysfunctional courts increase the risk of foreign investors, tortuous rules slow the rise of new enterprises and murky laws regarding land ownership and other issues stifle the growth of industries like construction and retail. The country’s business is lobbying for change; its Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, for instance, recently published a report that bemoaned the regulatory maze that confronts every commercial project, contributing to delays and cost overruns and providing one explanation why it receives only a tiny fraction of the foreign direct investment deposited in a neighbouring country. ‘Speedy judicial resolution will be one of the keys to making the country a competitive economy, conducive to growth and foreign investment,’ says an observer.

The reasons for the country’s judicial debacle are legion. For one thing, it has fewer judges per capital than almost any other country in the world. In 2007, it had fewer than three judges per 100, 00 people. And the state itself, which account for 60 per cent of court cases, is overly litigious.

one major reason for the delay in the country’s legal system is that

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Choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

They have had their debt written _____ by their creditors?

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The option that best completes the sentence is "off." In this sentence, "written off" means that the creditors have cancelled or forgiven the debt, usually because it is unlikely that the debtor will be able to repay it. So, "off" is the correct option. The other options are not suitable because they have different meanings. "Written down" means to reduce the value of an asset, usually in accounting. "Written on" does not have a commonly recognized meaning in this context. "Written up" means to increase the value of an asset, usually in accounting. None of these options capture the meaning of "written off" in this sentence.