JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2019

"You can call me a rebel, but I need a job. That's what matters to me." The repercussion of this statement by Aloho is a pointer to the theme ____

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 Unemployment could have been the answer, if only Aloho listened to her good friend's against ochuole and Chief, her tragic end could have been avoided. Be reminded that the key word is " repercussion" 

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When a writer deviates from the chronological arrangement of events in a literary piece, he uses anachrony. Anachrony refers to the technique of presenting events out of the order in which they occurred chronologically. This technique is often used to create suspense, highlight certain events or themes, or to show the effects of past events on the present. Anachrony can take various forms, including flashbacks, flash-forwards, or a nonlinear narrative structure. It is a common technique used in literature, film, and other forms of storytelling to add complexity and depth to a narrative.

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A didactic poem that features animals as characters may be distinctively described as an apologue. An apologue is a form of allegory that uses animals or inanimate objects to teach a moral or lesson. This type of poem often aims to instruct or guide its readers on how to live a good life or make the right decisions. The animals in an apologue usually represent different human qualities or characteristics, and the events and actions in the poem serve as a metaphor for real-life situations. Therefore, an apologue is an effective tool for teaching morals and values to children and adults alike.

Bayo Adebowale portrayed Yaremi as resilient, self reliant and strong willed particularly to__________

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Despite the resentment from most men in Kufi, Yaremi remained self-reliant and assertive.The author strongly condemned and advocates for the change in the African belief system as the male superiority over the female gender. Option D although may seem tempting, but clearly relates to the unfounded beliefs that widows are responsible for their husbands' death etc.

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The bar in Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the Bar" symbolizes the boundary between life and death. This boundary is often referred to as the "crossing" or the "journey" from life on earth to the afterlife. The bar represents the threshold between this life and the next, and the speaker in the poem is asking for God's guidance as he makes this final journey. The bar can be interpreted as a metaphor for the uncertainty and fear associated with death, and the speaker is expressing a desire for a safe and peaceful crossing.

Use excerpt below to answer questions

"Now, by yond marble
heaven,
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here enrage my words." (Shakespeare's Othello)

Consequent upon the act in the excerpt, ...

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Consequent upon the act in the excerpt, Othello changed from being the hero to a villain. In the excerpt, Othello is making a vow and using strong, impassioned language to emphasize the seriousness of his words. This transformation is significant because it represents a turning point in the play, as Othello's character shifts from being a respected and admired military leader to a jealous and vengeful figure. This change is brought on by the manipulation of Iago, who convinces Othello that his wife Desdemona is unfaithful. Othello's increasing jealousy and anger ultimately lead to his descent into villainy.

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'The dun dun of a drum' is an example of an onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia is a literary device in which a word imitates the sound it represents. In this case, the word "dun dun" imitates the sound of a drum, and therefore, it is an onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia can be used to create a vivid and sensory experience for the reader, making the writing more engaging and memorable. Therefore, onomatopoeia is a useful tool for writers who want to make their work more expressive and dynamic.

The metaphorical significance of Frank Ogodo's 'Harvest of Corruption' is seen in the theme of_____________

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The harvest of corruption with the theme of Retribution started with the repercussions activities of chief Ade Amaka, Aloho, madam Hoha, Justice odili, ochuole were properly served with the punishment proportionally. 

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Nemesis is the significant literary devices here, the poet portrays the importance of moral virtues and humility through the reversal of fortunes of the King.

A character whose action or qualities serve to heighten those of the hero through contrast is__________

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A character whose action or qualities serve to heighten those of the hero through contrast is called a "foil". A foil is a literary device that is used to highlight and emphasize the qualities and characteristics of the main character by contrasting them with those of another character. The foil character may have similar traits to the main character, but they are often presented in a negative light or with different motivations, values, or beliefs. This contrast helps to bring out the strengths, weaknesses, and complexities of the main character and can enhance the overall meaning and impact of the story.

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The story was told by an outsider who knows the storyline aforetime, It is told from the third person/ Omniscient point of view it was not told by any character in the novel. 

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"Native Son" by Richard Wright can be described as a bildungsroman. A bildungsroman is a novel that focuses on the moral and psychological growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood. "Native Son" follows the story of Bigger Thomas, an African American youth living in poverty in Chicago. The novel explores his psychological and emotional development as he navigates the racist society in which he lives and the consequences of his actions.

Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are_________

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Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are similar. An analogy is a comparison between two things that are alike in certain aspects to help explain or clarify a complex or abstract idea. In this comparison, there is usually a relationship between two pairs of words or ideas, where one pair is to the other pair as the first term is to its relationship with the second term. The relationship between the two pairs of words or ideas may be of many types, such as cause and effect, antonyms, synonyms, and so on. Overall, the use of analogy helps people understand complex ideas by relating them to more familiar or understandable concepts.

One of the following is not significant to Morris' "The Proud King"

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" The proud King" is actually a biblical allusion because it an epic poem which is didactic in nature and teaches moral lessons , it is also concern for the sense of good virtue makes as well a parable of some kind. 

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The poet with the usage of powerful imageries and symbols as 'gun' and 'wound' reveals that the subject matter of the poem is that of brutality or horrors of war and not mere conflict therefore brutality is the best answer. 

The specie of conflict exemplified in the Native Son is that of_______

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The species of conflict exemplified in "Native Son" is that of man against society. This novel, written by Richard Wright, explores the experiences of a young Black man named Bigger Thomas who lives in poverty and racial segregation in Chicago during the 1930s. The central conflict in the novel is the tension between Bigger and the white-dominated society in which he lives. This conflict is characterized by racism, prejudice, and inequality, and it affects every aspect of Bigger's life, from his relationships to his opportunities and freedoms. The novel ultimately depicts the devastating consequences of this man-against-society conflict and its impact on the lives of those who are oppressed and marginalized by it.

An overused expression is a/an _________

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An overused expression is a "cliche". A cliche is a phrase or expression that has become so overused that it has lost its original meaning or impact. It is often used as a shortcut to convey a certain idea or emotion, but it can be seen as trite or unoriginal. Examples of cliches include phrases like "at the end of the day", "all's well that ends well", or "time heals all wounds". These expressions are often used in everyday conversation, but they can become tiresome or predictable when used too frequently. In literature and writing, the use of cliches can be seen as a weakness or a lack of originality. Good writers strive to find fresh and innovative ways to express their ideas and emotions, and avoid relying on cliches as a crutch. Overall, a cliche is an overused expression that has lost its original impact and can be seen as unoriginal or trite.

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In literary criticism, a casual reference to a figure or an event is regarded as an allusion. An allusion is a literary device that refers to a person, event, or work of art in a passing or indirect manner. It assumes that the reader has prior knowledge of the subject being referred to, and the writer can use it to add depth and meaning to their work. Allusions can be used to create a connection between the reader and the text or to provide cultural or historical context. Therefore, an allusion is a type of reference that adds layers of meaning to a literary work.

The literary term for conflict in literature is_________

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The literary term for conflict in literature is "Agon". Agon refers to the central struggle or conflict between characters, ideas, or forces in a literary work. It is an essential element of the plot that drives the story forward and creates tension and drama. Agon can take many forms, such as a physical battle, a psychological struggle, or a moral dilemma, and it can be between the protagonist and an antagonist, or within the protagonist's own mind or conscience. In summary, Agon is a crucial component of a story that creates conflict, tension, and interest for the reader or audience.

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Option C Significantly points out this figure best in Othello.The distinctive qualities of a character which the author defines or what the other characters perceive of him is characterization. 

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A short poem that expresses an idea in a clever way is called an Epigram. An epigram is a concise and witty poem or statement that often has a clever twist or pun at the end. It is meant to make the reader think and often has a humorous or satirical tone. The word "epigram" comes from the Greek word "epigramma," which means "inscription" or "something pointed."

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Antithesis is used to describe two contradictory statements or words are placed far apart to create a juxtaposition.

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Use the extract below to answer questions

Line 1: My heart leaps up when I behold
Line 2: A rainbow in the sky
Line 3: so was it when my life began
Line 4: so is it now
Line 5: so is it when I have grown
Line 6: the child is the father of the man.

The rhyme scheme of the poem is_________

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A diligent tracing of the rhyme pattern in the excerpt above will result into the 'abcacc' scheme therefore 'abcacc' is the best answer.

A poem of 14 lines is known as__________

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A poem of 14 lines is known as a "sonnet". A sonnet is a type of poem that originated in Italy in the 13th century and became popular in England in the 16th century. It consists of 14 lines and typically follows a strict rhyme scheme and a specific structure. The most common type of sonnet is the "Shakespearean" or "English" sonnet, which is composed of three quatrains (four-line stanzas) and a final couplet (two-line stanza). The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet is usually ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, meaning that the first and third lines of each quatrain rhyme with each other, as do the second and fourth lines, and the final couplet rhymes with each other. Sonnet form is often used to express intense or complex emotions, such as love, loss, and mortality. Many of the greatest poets in history have written sonnets, including William Shakespeare, John Donne, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Pablo Neruda.

Read the poem and answer questions

At dawn must I rise to till the rock
That our land has turned into
The land where on we'd gleefully harvested paddy
Planted and nurtured and tended on plots marshy
Our woes are bloody woes of accursed revenges
Of the land spirits aggrieved by paltry human respect
For the life of fellow man by his fellow
Kindred blood has counted for less than no value
Brother's wife has been wife to other brother's brother
Communal loot has emptied our country silos
The earth has stopped breathing and sighed
Soldered tears has the moon shed
The earth was scorched at noon-day night
And our land has turned to hoeing rock.

The run-on lines convey the speaker's_______

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The flow of words and expressions, from one to another, of the poet directly reflect his sorrowful state of mind for the tragedies that have consumed his land

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The art of using persuasive words in literary works is known as rhetoric. Rhetoric is the use of language to persuade or influence an audience, often through the use of various techniques such as logos, ethos, and pathos. In literature, rhetoric can be used to convey a particular message, evoke certain emotions, or to convince the reader of a particular point of view. It can be used in various forms of writing, including essays, speeches, and poetry. Dilemma is a difficult choice between two options, Parody is a humorous imitation of a particular work, style, or artist, and Paronomasia is a play on words or pun.

The setting of Shakespeare's Othello is____________

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The setting of William Shakespeare's play "Othello" is Venice and its surrounding territories, including Cyprus. Venice was a major commercial and cultural center in the 16th and 17th centuries, and was known for its wealth, political power, and maritime influence. In the play, Venice is the backdrop for the events that unfold, and provides a backdrop of political and social tensions that shape the characters and their actions. The setting of Venice helps to create a sense of atmosphere and provides context for the play's themes of jealousy, deceit, and racism.

The most dominant poetic device used in Okara's 'Panio and Drums' is_______

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The most dominant poetic device used in Okara's 'Piano and Drums' is "symbolism." Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols to represent ideas or qualities beyond their literal meaning. In the poem, the piano and the drums represent two different cultures - the Western and the African - and the conflict between them. The piano symbolizes Western culture, which is associated with order, control, and civilization, while the drums represent African culture, which is associated with rhythm, passion, and tradition. Through this symbolism, the poem explores the speaker's struggle to reconcile his African heritage with the influence of Western culture.

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The term "Muse" is used to describe the 'god of inspiration' in literature. In Greek mythology, the Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who were the patrons of the arts and sciences, including poetry, dance, music, and history. In literature, the term "muse" is often used to refer to a source of inspiration or creativity. A writer or artist might describe their work as being inspired by their muse, meaning that they feel a creative spark or divine inspiration guiding their work. The term "muse" has come to represent the idea of a higher power or force that helps to inspire and guide artists and writers in their work.

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The atmosphere of a poem has to do with the tone and mood that it creates. The tone of a poem refers to the attitude or perspective of the speaker towards the subject matter, while the mood refers to the emotions or feelings that the poem evokes in the reader. The atmosphere, therefore, is the overall feeling or impression that the poem creates in the reader. The atmosphere can be created through various poetic devices, such as imagery, figurative language, and syntax. The time and place of the poem can also contribute to the atmosphere, but they are not the only factors. For example, a poem set in a beautiful garden may have a peaceful and serene atmosphere, but the same garden could be described in a way that creates a dark or eerie atmosphere. Therefore, while the time and place can influence the atmosphere, it is the tone and mood that are the most significant factors in creating the atmosphere of a poem.

Which one of the following is most influential to the substance of Hallowell's "The Dinning Table"?

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The most influential aspect of Hallowell's "The Dining Table" is the setting of the poem. The setting is a domestic dining table that represents a space where family members gather and interact with each other. The setting is significant because it creates an atmosphere that allows the poet to explore various themes such as family dynamics, cultural identity, and the passage of time. The structure of the poem, the atmosphere, and the poetic style are all important, but they are secondary to the setting because they all contribute to the portrayal of the dining table and the significance it holds in the lives of the family members.

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The last stanza of the poem where they said " awaiting in ambush" shows or signifies hopelessness as the ruling class will be expecting to devour the future change makers. 

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The feeling created by Okara's reminiscence in the "Piano and Drums" is nostalgia. The poem describes how Okara walks to the farm barefoot, despite the thorns and dangerous leaves, and still finds this enjoyable. This suggests a longing for a simpler, more innocent time in his life, and a sense of fondness for the experiences of his youth. This is consistent with the feeling of nostalgia.

Which one of the following does not relate to the tone in Diop's Vanity?

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A dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is called_________

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The correct term for a dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is a "lampoon." A lampoon is a type of satirical writing that specifically targets individuals or organizations, using humor and ridicule to expose flaws, criticize behaviors, or challenge beliefs. Lampoons are often written in a sarcastic, exaggerated, or insulting manner, and they can be found in many forms, such as cartoons, poems, or songs. The purpose of a lampoon is to entertain the audience while also making a serious point or social commentary.

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The line "The earth has stopped breathing and sighed" illustrates personification. Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to non-human entities such as animals, objects, or natural phenomena. In this line, the poet personifies the earth, giving it human-like qualities of breathing and sighing. The use of personification is effective in conveying the idea that the land is suffering and struggling to survive due to the neglect and mistreatment by its human inhabitants. The line does not illustrate bathos, which is an abrupt shift from a serious or lofty style to a common or ridiculous one. It is also not a paradox, which is a statement that appears self-contradictory or absurd but may be true in fact. Additionally, it is not a climax, which is the point of highest dramatic tension or a turning point in a narrative.

The voice of reason in the 'Harvest of Corruption' is exemplified in the character of___________

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The voice of reason in the play "Harvest of Corruption" is exemplified in the character of Ogeyi. Ogeyi is a young and idealistic journalist who believes in uncovering the truth and exposing corruption. She is the one who sets the events of the play in motion by writing an article about the corrupt practices of Chief Haladu Ade Amaka, the Minister of External Relations. Ogeyi's actions show her dedication to fighting corruption and her commitment to justice. Throughout the play, Ogeyi serves as a moral compass for the other characters. She refuses to be swayed by the bribes and threats of Chief Ade Amaka and his cronies, and she remains steadfast in her pursuit of the truth. Ogeyi's courage and integrity make her a shining example of what it means to be a voice of reason in a corrupt society. In conclusion, Ogeyi's character embodies the voice of reason in "Harvest of Corruption" due to her unwavering dedication to the truth and her commitment to exposing corruption. She serves as a beacon of hope in a society that has been overrun by greed and deceit.

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What distinguishes literature from other disciplines is its use of creative imagination and its exposition of human experiences. Literature is a form of artistic expression that allows writers to use their imaginations to explore and express the complexities of the human experience. It is not limited by the constraints of reality, and can instead draw upon the full range of human emotions, thoughts, and experiences. Through the use of symbolism, metaphor, and other literary devices, literature is able to convey the essence of the human experience in a way that is unique and powerful. In this sense, literature is distinct from other disciplines such as science, history, or philosophy, which may also deal with aspects of the human experience, but do so in a more structured and empirical manner.

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'My heart leaps'  is a good example of personification. Evidence the fact that the heart is being personified to act as though it were real , physical human being.