JAMB UTME - Literature In English - 2019

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The futility of life and time may be said to be a critical subject of concern in Blake's "School Boy". The poem describes the monotonous and oppressive nature of traditional education, which the speaker views as a waste of time and a hindrance to personal growth and creativity. The speaker longs to escape the confines of the classroom and explore the natural world, which he sees as a source of inspiration and freedom. The poem suggests that the educational system stifles the creativity and individuality of students and forces them to conform to society's expectations. The focus of the poem is not on adventurism or academic development, although these themes are indirectly related to the futility of life and time. The poem's central concern is the need for individuals to find meaning and purpose in their lives beyond the confines of traditional institutions and societal norms.

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Consequent upon the act in the excerpt, Othello changed from being the hero to a villain. In the excerpt, Othello is making a vow and using strong, impassioned language to emphasize the seriousness of his words. This transformation is significant because it represents a turning point in the play, as Othello's character shifts from being a respected and admired military leader to a jealous and vengeful figure. This change is brought on by the manipulation of Iago, who convinces Othello that his wife Desdemona is unfaithful. Othello's increasing jealousy and anger ultimately lead to his descent into villainy.

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A struggle between opposing forces in a story or play is known as "Conflict". Conflict is an essential element of a narrative that creates tension, drama, and interest for the reader or audience. It involves a struggle or clash between two opposing forces, such as the protagonist and antagonist, or between internal and external factors. Conflict can take many forms, such as physical, emotional, intellectual, or moral, and it drives the plot forward by creating obstacles and challenges that the characters must overcome. It can also reveal the characters' personalities, motivations, and values. In summary, conflict is a fundamental element of storytelling that generates tension and interest by creating a struggle between opposing forces.

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Despite the resentment from most men in Kufi, Yaremi remained self-reliant and assertive.The author strongly condemned and advocates for the change in the African belief system as the male superiority over the female gender. Option D although may seem tempting, but clearly relates to the unfounded beliefs that widows are responsible for their husbands' death etc.

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In drama, comic reliefs often occur in tragedies. A comic relief is a scene, character, or dialogue that provides a temporary respite from the serious and emotional intensity of the main plot. It is used to lighten the mood and add humor to a play, and is often found in tragedies where the overall tone is dark and heavy. The use of comic relief allows the audience to take a break from the intense emotions and events of the play and can make the play as a whole more enjoyable and memorable.

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A narrative hook is the illustration that serves to persuasively sustain the interest of the readers in a literary piece. It's a tool used by writers to grab the reader's attention and keep them engaged in the story. A narrative hook can be an interesting character, a dramatic event, a cliffhanger, a surprising revelation, or any other element that makes the reader want to keep reading to find out what happens next. In essence, a narrative hook is what keeps the reader hooked on the story and invested in its outcome.

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A diligent tracing of the rhyme pattern in the excerpt above will result into the 'abcacc' scheme therefore 'abcacc' is the best answer.

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The flow of words and expressions, from one to another, of the poet directly reflect his sorrowful state of mind for the tragedies that have consumed his land

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Option C Significantly points out this figure best in Othello.The distinctive qualities of a character which the author defines or what the other characters perceive of him is characterization. 

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The feeling created by Okara's reminiscence in the "Piano and Drums" is nostalgia. The poem describes how Okara walks to the farm barefoot, despite the thorns and dangerous leaves, and still finds this enjoyable. This suggests a longing for a simpler, more innocent time in his life, and a sense of fondness for the experiences of his youth. This is consistent with the feeling of nostalgia.

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The line "The earth has stopped breathing and sighed" illustrates personification. Personification is a figure of speech in which human qualities are attributed to non-human entities such as animals, objects, or natural phenomena. In this line, the poet personifies the earth, giving it human-like qualities of breathing and sighing. The use of personification is effective in conveying the idea that the land is suffering and struggling to survive due to the neglect and mistreatment by its human inhabitants. The line does not illustrate bathos, which is an abrupt shift from a serious or lofty style to a common or ridiculous one. It is also not a paradox, which is a statement that appears self-contradictory or absurd but may be true in fact. Additionally, it is not a climax, which is the point of highest dramatic tension or a turning point in a narrative.

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The turn is that of acceptance because the poet's feeling was that of preparedness to embark on an evening journey of no return. 

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The correct term for a dramatic type directed against an individual or a private institute with the intent to severely ridicule is a "lampoon." A lampoon is a type of satirical writing that specifically targets individuals or organizations, using humor and ridicule to expose flaws, criticize behaviors, or challenge beliefs. Lampoons are often written in a sarcastic, exaggerated, or insulting manner, and they can be found in many forms, such as cartoons, poems, or songs. The purpose of a lampoon is to entertain the audience while also making a serious point or social commentary.

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The poet glimpse of hope at very beginning, was how however overtaken by the feeling of worry as to the challenges of maturity and growing older. 

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The atmosphere of a poem has to do with the tone and mood that it creates. The tone of a poem refers to the attitude or perspective of the speaker towards the subject matter, while the mood refers to the emotions or feelings that the poem evokes in the reader. The atmosphere, therefore, is the overall feeling or impression that the poem creates in the reader. The atmosphere can be created through various poetic devices, such as imagery, figurative language, and syntax. The time and place of the poem can also contribute to the atmosphere, but they are not the only factors. For example, a poem set in a beautiful garden may have a peaceful and serene atmosphere, but the same garden could be described in a way that creates a dark or eerie atmosphere. Therefore, while the time and place can influence the atmosphere, it is the tone and mood that are the most significant factors in creating the atmosphere of a poem.

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An overused expression is a "cliche". A cliche is a phrase or expression that has become so overused that it has lost its original meaning or impact. It is often used as a shortcut to convey a certain idea or emotion, but it can be seen as trite or unoriginal. Examples of cliches include phrases like "at the end of the day", "all's well that ends well", or "time heals all wounds". These expressions are often used in everyday conversation, but they can become tiresome or predictable when used too frequently. In literature and writing, the use of cliches can be seen as a weakness or a lack of originality. Good writers strive to find fresh and innovative ways to express their ideas and emotions, and avoid relying on cliches as a crutch. Overall, a cliche is an overused expression that has lost its original impact and can be seen as unoriginal or trite.

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The species of conflict exemplified in "Native Son" is that of man against society. This novel, written by Richard Wright, explores the experiences of a young Black man named Bigger Thomas who lives in poverty and racial segregation in Chicago during the 1930s. The central conflict in the novel is the tension between Bigger and the white-dominated society in which he lives. This conflict is characterized by racism, prejudice, and inequality, and it affects every aspect of Bigger's life, from his relationships to his opportunities and freedoms. The novel ultimately depicts the devastating consequences of this man-against-society conflict and its impact on the lives of those who are oppressed and marginalized by it.

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" The proud King" is actually a biblical allusion because it an epic poem which is didactic in nature and teaches moral lessons , it is also concern for the sense of good virtue makes as well a parable of some kind. 

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Analogy is the arrangement of two ideas that are similar. An analogy is a comparison between two things that are alike in certain aspects to help explain or clarify a complex or abstract idea. In this comparison, there is usually a relationship between two pairs of words or ideas, where one pair is to the other pair as the first term is to its relationship with the second term. The relationship between the two pairs of words or ideas may be of many types, such as cause and effect, antonyms, synonyms, and so on. Overall, the use of analogy helps people understand complex ideas by relating them to more familiar or understandable concepts.

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It was when Aloho found out she was 3 months pregnant and the chances of abortion were impossible that was when the harvest of corruption started in The novel. 

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The harvest of corruption with the theme of Retribution started with the repercussions activities of chief Ade Amaka, Aloho, madam Hoha, Justice odili, ochuole were properly served with the punishment proportionally. 

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The story was told by an outsider who knows the storyline aforetime, It is told from the third person/ Omniscient point of view it was not told by any character in the novel. 

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The bar in Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Crossing the Bar" symbolizes the boundary between life and death. This boundary is often referred to as the "crossing" or the "journey" from life on earth to the afterlife. The bar represents the threshold between this life and the next, and the speaker in the poem is asking for God's guidance as he makes this final journey. The bar can be interpreted as a metaphor for the uncertainty and fear associated with death, and the speaker is expressing a desire for a safe and peaceful crossing.

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Further examination reveals paradox altruism and proverbial importance of it expression though it may seem untrue at first sight. 

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Lago's hatred for Othello was born out of the fact that Othello rather appointed Cassio, an inexperienced soldier, as the Lieutenant than himself (Lago). Therefore Othello didn't make him the lieutenant is the correct answer. 

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In Lenrie's 'The Panic of Growing Older', another significant theme is the uncertainties of life. The poem describes the speaker's fear and anxiety as he grows older and realizes that life is unpredictable and fleeting. He expresses his regret for not living his life to the fullest and for wasting time on things that don't matter. The poem suggests that life is full of uncertainties, and we can't predict what will happen in the future. The speaker's panic about growing older is a reflection of our universal fear of the unknown and the inevitability of aging and death. Although the poem briefly mentions natural disasters, war, and the relationship between mankind and nature, these are not the primary themes. The poem's central focus is on the uncertainties of life and how we should cherish the present moment and make the most of our time on earth.

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The last stanza of the poem where they said " awaiting in ambush" shows or signifies hopelessness as the ruling class will be expecting to devour the future change makers. 

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The literary term for conflict in literature is "Agon". Agon refers to the central struggle or conflict between characters, ideas, or forces in a literary work. It is an essential element of the plot that drives the story forward and creates tension and drama. Agon can take many forms, such as a physical battle, a psychological struggle, or a moral dilemma, and it can be between the protagonist and an antagonist, or within the protagonist's own mind or conscience. In summary, Agon is a crucial component of a story that creates conflict, tension, and interest for the reader or audience.

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In the poem, what signify weaknes is "The suden throb of pain ", "legs cribbed" which is the result of old age

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Probably on the first instance the statement may not seem true but with a closer examination it appears to be true and realistic

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The term "Muse" is used to describe the 'god of inspiration' in literature. In Greek mythology, the Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who were the patrons of the arts and sciences, including poetry, dance, music, and history. In literature, the term "muse" is often used to refer to a source of inspiration or creativity. A writer or artist might describe their work as being inspired by their muse, meaning that they feel a creative spark or divine inspiration guiding their work. The term "muse" has come to represent the idea of a higher power or force that helps to inspire and guide artists and writers in their work.

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The  reason behind God withholding the gift of rest from man is that man can always remember his creator whether as a result of goodness or weariness. This is seen at the third stanza of the poem. 

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A transferred epithet is popularly known as a "hypallage". A hypallage is a figure of speech in which an adjective or a modifier is grammatically associated with a word other than the one it actually modifies, creating an effect of syntactic inversion. In other words, a hypallage is when an adjective or descriptive word is applied to a different noun than the one it grammatically belongs to. For example, in the phrase "a sleepless night", the adjective "sleepless" is transferred from the person who is supposed to be sleepless to the night itself, which is inanimate and cannot literally experience sleeplessness. However, the phrase makes sense because it conveys the idea that the night feels long and restless. Transferred epithets are often used in literature and poetry to create vivid and striking imagery or to convey complex emotions and ideas.

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When a writer deviates from the chronological arrangement of events in a literary piece, he uses anachrony. Anachrony refers to the technique of presenting events out of the order in which they occurred chronologically. This technique is often used to create suspense, highlight certain events or themes, or to show the effects of past events on the present. Anachrony can take various forms, including flashbacks, flash-forwards, or a nonlinear narrative structure. It is a common technique used in literature, film, and other forms of storytelling to add complexity and depth to a narrative.

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Adeoti's Ambush may be best described as metaphorical. Metaphorical language is the use of a word or phrase that is not meant to be taken literally, but rather to represent something else. In Adeoti's Ambush, the language used goes beyond the literal meaning of words to create a deeper meaning or message. For example, when Adeoti writes, "The road was a serpent, coiled and waiting to strike," he is using a metaphor to compare the road to a serpent, emphasizing the danger and unpredictability of the situation. Through the use of metaphorical language, Adeoti creates vivid imagery that helps readers better understand the themes and ideas in his work. This can make the writing more engaging and memorable, as readers are able to connect with the message on a deeper level.

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