JAMB UTME - Use of English - 2024

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The drones are the honeybees that do not live long. Drone bees are male bees whose primary role is to mate with a queen bee. They do not participate in foraging for food or taking care of the hive. Once they have completed their mating role, they typically die shortly thereafter because mating is a fatal act for them.

In addition, if drones have not mated by the end of the mating season, they are often expelled from the hive by the worker bees. This is primarily because drones do not contribute to the hive's upkeep, and during times when resources are scarce, it is not beneficial for the colony to support them. Therefore, drones generally have a shorter lifespan compared to the queen and worker bees in the hive.

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In the word "clothe", the underlined letter(s) is "th", and it has a voiced consonant sound represented by /ð/. This sound is produced by vibrating the vocal cords while placing the tongue between the teeth. We can find the same consonant sound in the word "smooth". In "smooth," the final "th" also represents the voiced /ð/ sound.

Let me explain the sound of each option:

• "Cloth" – The "th" at the end has an unvoiced /θ/ sound, which is different from the voiced /ð/ sound in "clothe."
• "Smooth" – The final "th" has the voiced /ð/ sound, which is the same as in "clothe."
• "Good" – The consonant sounds are /g/ and /d/, which do not match /ð/.
• "Thesis" – The "th" sound here is unvoiced /θ/, which is different from /ð/.

Therefore, the word "smooth" has the same consonant sound as the underlined letters in "clothe."

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The word "radioactive" is divided into four syllables: "ra-di-o-ac-tive." To determine the stress pattern, it's important to note how the word is often pronounced naturally in English.

In English, many words have a certain syllable that is pronounced more prominently than others, and this is called the stressed syllable. In "radioactive," the stress falls on the third syllable "ac," making it "radioACtive." This means when you pronounce the word, you will tend to say the "AC" part with more emphasis compared to the other syllables.

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The best option to complete the gap is kennel. A kennel is a place specifically designed to house dogs, providing them with a secure space for resting and staying during the day or night. It is commonly used to keep dogs controlled, ensuring they are safe and unable to cause harm or disturbance. On the other hand, a garage is generally meant for vehicles and may not provide the appropriate environment for a dog. A cage may be used for confinement but is typically smaller and not suitable for long-term housing of dogs. Lastly, a balcony is an open area often exposed to the elements and not an appropriate space to keep a dog for extended periods.

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Bint describes her Social Studies teacher as meddlesome as she narrates how she took on her Social Studies teacher who thinks he knows "a little bit about every subject under the sun". This can be found on page 1 of the novel. 

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The option that best completes the gap is "The city of Abuja."

The correct phrase here is "The city of Abuja" because:

• "The city of Abuja" uses the article "the," which specifies a particular city, making the statement clear and precise.
• The word "city" is appropriately placed to refer to Abuja as an urban area, which is necessary to make the sentence grammatically correct and contextually accurate.

Let's compare this with the other options:

• "A city of Abuja" - The article "a" suggests any city, which gives an ambiguous meaning since it doesn't specify that we are talking about Abuja being recognized as a city.
• "City of Abuja" - This lacks an article ("the" or "a"), making the phrase incomplete. Articles are important to make a noun phrase grammatically correct.
• "Abuja of a city" - This arrangement doesn't make grammatical or logical sense. The phrase appears jumbled and confusing.

Therefore, the most grammatically sound and contextually appropriate choice is "The city of Abuja."

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The word "redress" in the context given means seeking to set right a wrong or to obtain satisfaction for a grievance. It involves correcting or remedying something that was unfair or unjust. Let's look at each option:

• Returns: This refers to giving back or coming back. It does not relate to correcting a wrong or seeking justice.
• Appeal: This involves asking a higher authority to review or change a decision. It is related to legal processes but doesn't specifically mean correcting a wrong.
• Judgement: This refers to the decision reached by a court of law. It represents the end result of a legal process, but not necessarily the act of seeking correction itself.
• Compensation: This refers to something, typically money, awarded to someone in recognition of loss, suffering, or injury. This aligns closely with the idea of "redress" as it involves making amends for a wrong or loss.

The option nearest in meaning to "redress" is "Compensation" because both involve the idea of rectifying a wrong or providing a remedy to someone who has been wronged.

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In this context, when we say "The ripe orange was beyond his ______," we refer to something that the person is unable to obtain or access, typically because it is out of their physical range or capability. The most appropriate word to fill in the blank is "reach."

This is because "reach" refers to the capability or extent of one's grasp or influence, often implying that something is too far away to be accessed or obtained. Meanwhile, "touch", "catch", and "pluck" all denote different actions:

• "Touch" means to come into physical contact with something.
• "Catch" implies intercepting or capturing something that is moving.
• "Pluck" means to remove something, typically by pulling with a sudden effort.

Hence, none of these options effectively convey the idea of something being out of one’s capacity to access or obtain, which is what "reach" does. Therefore, the phrase would read: "The ripe orange was beyond his reach."

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The word **broad** refers to something that has a great extent from side to side or is very wide. In this context, **broad** is describing the roads in major cities as having a large width.

The option that is opposite in meaning to **broad** is **narrow**. While **broad** suggests something wide, **narrow** means something that has a small width or is much less wide. Therefore, if roads are described as **narrow**, they have a small extent from side to side, which is contrary to being **broad**.

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To find the word with an opposite meaning (antonym) to the underlined word "invincible," we first need to understand its meaning. The word invincible means too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

1. The word invisible means something that cannot be seen. This is not related to power or the ability to be defeated, hence it's not opposite to "invincible."

2. The word unconquerable means impossible to defeat. This is a synonym, not an antonym, of "invincible."

3. The word vindictive means having a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge. This is unrelated to being unbeatable and thus is not the antonym of "invincible."

4. The word surmountable means able to be overcome or conquered. This is the direct opposite of "invincible," which means too powerful to be defeated.

Therefore, the word that is opposite in meaning to invincible is surmountable because it implies that something can be overcome or defeated.

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The word **messy** implies a state of disorder or confusion where things are scattered around and not organized. To find an opposite, we look for a word that describes the room as **orderly and well-organized**.

Let's consider the options:

• Muddled: This word is similar to **messy** and implies confusion or disorder. It's not opposite in meaning.
• Dirty: This focuses on cleanliness, indicating something is not clean, but it does not specifically address organization or tidiness.
• Unkept: Similar to **messy**, it implies a lack of care in organization or tidiness.
• Tidy: This word means everything is in its proper place, well-organized, and clean. It reflects a state opposite to **messy**.

Therefore, the opposite of **messy** is **tidy**, as it describes a room that is neat and organized.

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The correct option to complete the sentence is "were". Let's understand why:

This sentence is an example of a conditional sentence. Specifically, it is a type called the second conditional, which is used to talk about hypothetical situations that are not real or are unlikely to happen in the present or future.

The structure of a second conditional sentence is: If + subject + past simple, subject + would + base verb. Here is the structure applied to the sentence:

• If her brother were here, he would call the police.

In the conditional clause "If her brother were here," we use the past simple verb "were" which is used for hypothetical situations involving the subject "her brother."

Note: Although "were" typically pairs with plural subjects, in the case of hypothetical or conditional sentences, "were" is also used with singular subjects like "her brother." This use is sometimes referred to as the subjunctive mood.

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To determine the best option for filling the gap labelled 14 in the passage, we need to consider the context where the sentence mentions a mechanical tool that saws into coal. In this context, the passage is describing a tool that cuts into the coal to separate it from its base, similar to how a saw or a cutting tool would work. The term that best fits this description is a "knife". A mechanical knife can refer to a cutting blade or tool designed specifically for cutting purposes, which is consistent with the action of sawing into coal. Thus, the most appropriate word to fill gap 14 is "knife". This is because a mechanical knife would effectively separate the coal, aligning perfectly with the context of separating the coal from its base.

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Books are located on a "shelf" in a library.

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The word "austere" refers to being strict, severe, or stern in manner, attitude, or appearance.

Now, let's look at the options given:

• Harsh: Similar to "austere" as it also suggests a strict or severe quality.
• Ambitious: Refers to having a strong desire for success but does not relate to being strict.
• Disgusting: Means something that arouses disgust or revulsion, focusing on a negative emotional reaction rather than strictness.
• Benign: Means kind, gentle, or harmless. This is opposite in meaning to "austere" because benign suggests a kind and gentle approach rather than a severe or strict one.

Therefore, the option that is opposite in meaning to the word "austere" is benign.

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In this question, you are tasked with identifying which word rhymes with "boys". A rhyme occurs when two or more words have the same or similar ending sounds.

Let's analyze each of the options:

1. Moist: The word "moist" ends with the sound /oist/, which is different from the sound at the end of "boys". Therefore, it does not rhyme with "boys".

2. Elbows: The word "elbows" has the ending sound /bohz/, which doesn't match the ending sound of "boys". Hence, it does not rhyme with "boys".

3. Noise: The word "noise" ends with the sound /oiz/, which is *similar* to the ending sound of "boys". Therefore, it rhymes with "boys".

4. Stays: The word "stays" has the ending sound /eiz/, which is different from the ending sound of "boys". Therefore, it does not rhyme with "boys".

The correct option that rhymes with "boys" is noise because both share the same ending sound /oiz/.

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The word vague means something that is not clearly expressed, or is uncertain and lacking in specificity. When something is vague, it is not precise or definite.
To find a word that is opposite in meaning, we look for terms that imply clarity or exactness. The word "clear" is the best opposite for "vague". "Clear" means something that is easy to perceive, understand, or recognize with no ambiguity. It indicates that there is no confusion or uncertainty, making it the direct opposite of vague.
On the other hand, the words "obscure" and "hazy" both suggest a lack of clarity similar to "vague," while "sure" indicates certainty in belief but does not necessarily relate to clarity of instruction. Therefore, "clear" is the correct choice.

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The sentence "The teacher believed her students were equal to the task" implies that the teacher had confidence in her students' ability to successfully accomplish the task at hand. This means the teacher thought her students were capable and ready to handle whatever was required to complete the task. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that the students were hardworking and dedicated, as it suggests they have the necessary skills and perseverance to succeed in the task. There is no indication in the sentence that the students were young, weak, or not prepared, nor does it suggest that the task was too difficult for them.

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The sentence "Our school field is bigger than yours" conveys a comparison of size between two school fields. This sentence clearly indicates that our school field is larger in size compared to your school field.

Now let's examine the options:

• Your school is bigger than ours: This option talks about the overall school size, not the field. It contradicts the original sentence because it implies your school is bigger, which is not discussed in the context of fields.
• Your school is not bigger than ours: This option, again, refers to the schools instead of just the fields. It might align with the general notion, but it does not directly address the field size comparison.
• Our school field is as big as yours: This implies that both fields are of the same size. However, the original sentence clearly states that our field is bigger, not equal in size.
• Your school field is not as big as ours: This option accurately paraphrases the original comparison by saying that your field is smaller than ours, maintaining the original meaning and focus on field size.

Thus, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "Your school field is not as big as ours."

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The phrase "Here he comes, speak of the devil" is an idiomatic expression. It is used when someone who was just being discussed unexpectedly appears or is present. This expression does not literally refer to the devil. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is that he appears as he is being discussed. This expression is used to note the coincidence and is often said humorously.

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To complete the sentence accurately, we need to choose the word that correctly aligns with the context of an increase in occurrences over time. Here are the meanings of the options provided:

• Incident: This refers to a single event or occurrence. Although it relates to an event, it does not emphasize frequency or rate. Therefore, it doesn't fit the sentence that implies an increasing trend.
• Accident: This refers to an unexpected event, often causing harm or injury. It is not specific to trends or rates, so it doesn't fit well with the sentence’s meaning that indicates continuous increase.
• Incidence: This refers to the frequency or rate of occurrence of something, especially when describing how common particular events or cases are over a certain period. Since the sentence is about the **increase** in occurrences of armed robbery, this option fits perfectly as it relates to the number of times an event happens.
• Accidence: This refers to the part of grammar that deals with inflections. It is not related in any way to describing an increase in events.

Therefore, "The incidence of armed robbery has been on the increase." is the most suitable completion for the sentence because it specifically denotes the rate or **occurrence of a phenomenon, highlighting that it is rising.**

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The word underlined here is "indifferent." This word describes someone who shows a lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; they are neutral or unconcerned about the situation.

To find the option that is opposite in meaning, we need to look for a word that suggests actively showing concern or emotion. Let's evaluate each option:

a strong: This option refers to being powerful or forceful. It does not directly relate to the level of concern or interest.

a concerned: This option implies that someone cares about something and is involved or worried about it. This is the opposite of being indifferent because an indifferent person does not show interest or concern.

an uninterested: This is synonymous with being indifferent, as both mean showing a lack of interest.

an unresponsive: This implies not responding or reacting, which is related but not directly opposite to being indifferent.

Therefore, the option "a concerned" is the correct choice as it is the opposite of "indifferent," showing that the person has interest and is involved emotionally.

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The phrase "given a free hand" means being granted the autonomy or freedom to make decisions and manage something without interference. Hence, option A correctly explains the conveyed meaning.

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The word "buoy" contains the vowel sound represented by the letters "uoy," which creates a diphthong that sounds like "oi" or "oy." This specific sound can be heard in the word "boy" where the "oy" produces the same diphthong.

Therefore, the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) underlined in "buoy" is "boy," because both share the same "oi" diphthong sound.

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"Bare" describes the exposed or uncovered coal surface. Other options do not fit the description appropriately.

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The word "bathe" has the vowel sound **/eɪ/**, which is represented by the underlined "a". This vowel sound is a diphthong, meaning it consists of two vowel sounds gliding together to form one sound. The sound **/eɪ/** is similar to the vowel sound in the word "face".

Let's analyze the options to determine which one has the same vowel sound:

• "Rake" has the vowel sound **/eɪ/**, which is the same as in "bathe".
• "Tear" can have two vowel sounds: **/ɪə/** as in "tear" (rip) or **/ɛə/** as in "tear" (a liquid drop), neither of which matches **/eɪ/**.
• "Bath" has the vowel sound **/æ/**, which is different from **/eɪ/**.
• "Care" has the vowel sound **/ɛə/**, which does not match **/eɪ/**.

Thus, the word "rake" shares the same vowel sound **/eɪ/** as the underlined vowel sound in "bathe".

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The word **pale** generally refers to having a lighter complexion, which can suggest **illness** or **lack of color**. To find the opposite meaning, we want a word that suggests **rich color** or **healthiness** of the complexion.

**Ruddy** means having a **healthy reddish color**, typically related to a healthy, vibrant complexion. Therefore, **ruddy** is the opposite of **pale**, as it signifies health and colorfulness in contrast to the paleness that suggests lack of color or unhealthiness.

On the other hand, **strange**, **sick**, and **weak** do not convey the opposite of a pale complexion. **Strange** means unusual, **sick** means unhealthy, and **weak** indicates lacking strength. None of these implies a healthy or rich color like **ruddy** does.

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To complete the sentence "Women always ______ themselves in beautiful apparel," we need a verb that logically connects with "beautiful apparel." Let's look at the options:

• Adorn: This verb means to decorate or add beauty. So, when someone adorns themselves, they decorate themselves in a beautiful way. The word "adorn" is commonly used in the context of clothing and jewelry, making it the most appropriate choice for this sentence.
• Mar: This verb means to spoil or damage. It doesn't fit with the context of wearing beautiful apparel.
• Trim: This usually means to cut or decorate the edges. While "trim" can relate to apparel, it doesn't accurately describe how someone would generally dress themselves.
• Garnish: This is often used in the context of food, meaning to add decorative items. It is not typically used for clothing.

Therefore, the best word to complete the sentence is "adorn." Women always adorn themselves in beautiful apparel.

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The word "derelict" refers to something that has been abandoned and is in a poor or neglected state. It is often used to describe buildings or structures that are no longer in use and have fallen into disrepair.

• The word "moribund" describes something that is at the point of death or is in decline but does not necessarily imply abandonment or neglect.
• The word "glamorous" describes something that is charmingly or fascinatingly attractive, which is the opposite of the meaning of "derelict".
• The word "enlivened" refers to something that has been made lively or spirited, which also contradicts the meaning of "derelict".
• The word "titivated" means to make something more attractive by adding decorations, which is also opposite to being abandoned or neglected.

The option nearest in meaning to "derelict" is "moribund" because it suggests decline, although it doesn't specifically indicate abandonment. The context of the phrase suggests that the fire station is not only neglected but also likely to be in a state of disrepair, which aligns more closely with "moribund" than the other options.

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To determine the best option to complete the sentence, we need to consider the direction and context provided by the sentence. The sentence is describing the action of "going" in relation to the "corridor". Let's analyze each option:

• Under: This option implies moving beneath something. "Under the corridor" would suggest moving below the corridor, which doesn't make sense in this context.
• Among: This option suggests being in the midst of or surrounded by something. "Among the corridor" is not logical because a corridor typically doesn't have multiple objects to be surrounded by; it's a passageway.
• Along: This implies movement in the same line or direction as an object. "Along the corridor" makes sense because it suggests moving in the direction of the corridor towards the principal's office.
• Around: This signifies movement in a circular or surrounding manner. "Around the corridor" would suggest moving around the corridor's perimeter, not through it, which is not the intended direction in this context.

In conclusion, the best option is "along" because it accurately describes moving in the same direction as the corridor while looking for the principal's office.

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The phrase prevail upon generally means to get someone to do something by reasoning with them or urging them consistently. It implies a gentle but firm influence to change someone's mind or decision. Therefore, the term that is nearest in meaning to prevail upon is persuade. When you persuade someone, you are convincing them to do something through reasoning or argument, rather than by forcing or overruling them.

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The options provided for the gap labeled 15 are "undergirds," "undermines," "underestimate," and "underserved." In this context, the sentence is trying to convey how the "territorial principle" is important to most thinking about linguistic justice. The term "linguistic legislation" suggests some kind of legal support or structure related to language use. For this reason, the most appropriate option is "undergirds." This is because "undergirds" means to provide foundational support or a basis for something. Here, it indicates that the territorial principle forms the basis or supportive framework for linguistic legislation. Therefore, the correct choice is undergirds.

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Without the specific context or knowledge of the passage where "labelled 14" appears, it is generally difficult to choose the option that best fills the gap. However, I can explain the typical context where each of these terms might be applicable:

Table: A table is a piece of furniture consisting of a flat top supported by one or more legs, commonly used in libraries, dining rooms, or studies. If the context relates to a place where items are kept or used for activities like reading, writing, or studying, "table" might be appropriate.

Reserve Section: This term is often used in libraries to refer to a specific area where certain books or materials that are in high demand or are reference items are kept. Access might be limited, and items cannot be checked out for home use.

Sitting Corner: A sitting corner typically describes a cozy or designated area with chairs or cushions where people can sit, relax, or engage in conversation. It might be found in living rooms, libraries, or reading areas.

Lending Desk: This is often found in libraries and is the place where library users check out books or return borrowed items. The lending desk is a critical part of the library system.

To choose the best option, consider what the passage is describing or needing. If it's a place for borrowing books, the lending desk is appropriate. If it's a location where books not in circulation are kept, the reserve section is correct. For a resting or reading area, the sitting corner fits best, and for general workspace, a table is the suitable choice.

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In the statement "Bala ate a slice of BREAD," the word "BREAD" is emphasized. When a word in a sentence is emphasized, it means that word is being highlighted as the key piece of information. To determine the correct sentence that relates to this emphatic stress, we need to contrast the emphasized word ("BREAD") with alternative options provided.

Among the given options, we are looking for a question where the replacement or alternative to "BREAD" is mentioned. The question "Did Bala eat a slice of cake?" challenges the emphasized word "BREAD" by replacing it with "cake." This makes it the correct option because it tests the emphasis placed on "BREAD."

Therefore, the question "Did Bala eat a slice of cake?" directly contrasts with the emphasis on "BREAD" in the original statement.

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In the sentence "My only SON speaks like an orator.", the word SON is emphasized. This means that the distinction is being drawn in reference to the person speaking who is the son.

To identify the correct option related to this emphatic stress, we need to consider a question where the subject, which in this case is SON, is being queried or challenged.

Here's how you can assess the options:

• In the option "Does my only son speak like an illiterate?", the question directly challenges the person's ability to speak like an orator, not who is speaking. This tests the capability, not the subject.


• In the option "Does my only daughter speak like an orator?", this directly contradicts the subject by replacing SON with DAUGHTER. Thus, it relates directly to the emphatic stress on SON.


• In the option "Does my only son read like an orator?", here the emphasis is on the action (speaks or reads) rather than the subject (who is doing the action).


• In the option "Does your only son speak like an orator?", the question challenges ownership (my versus your), not the subject being a son.

The sentence that relates correctly to the given sentence's emphatic stress on SON is: "Does my only daughter speak like an orator?" This directly challenges and tests the emphasis placed on SON by suggesting an alternative subject, that is the daughter.

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The sentence "It is highly improbable that it will snow in June" communicates the idea that there is a very small chance of snow occurring in June. The emphasis is on the **small probability** or **unlikely nature** of the event.

The option that best explains this information is: It is highly unlikely that it will snow in June. This option directly reflects the notion of a low probability or rare occurrence of snow in June, similar to what the original sentence states.

Let's examine the other options for clarity:

• It is possible that it will snow in June: This suggests a potential or some possibility of snow, which contradicts the original sentence's emphasis on low likelihood.
• It will never snow in June: The word "never" implies an impossibility, which is too strong compared to "highly improbable" suggesting a small chance.
• The snowfall will probably be high in June: This indicates an expectation of significant snowfall, which is the opposite of what is conveyed in the sentence.

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The word or phrase underlined in the sentence is **"accumulated"**. The meaning of **"accumulated"** is to **"gather"**, **"collect"**, or **"amass"** something over time. It denotes the act of gradually acquiring more and more of something.

To find the opposite of this term, we need a word that signifies the act of **gradually losing** or **wasting something rather than gathering** it.

Now, let?s look at the options provided:

• Gather: This word is similar in meaning to "accumulated" because both involve bringing things together.
• Amass: Like "gather," this also means to collect or accumulate more items or wealth over time.
• Piled up: This is again a synonym, meaning to accumulate something into a pile or collection.
• Squandered: This means to **waste resources or wealth recklessly**. It is the act of spending or using something carelessly or extravagantly.

The option that is opposite in meaning to "accumulated" is squandered. This is because while "accumulated" involves collecting and saving, **"squandered" implies losing and wasting.**

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"The paper stated that the driver of the lorry was helping the police in their investigation" means that the driver is cooperating with the police and providing information to assist their investigation.

When a news report says someone is "helping police with their inquiries" or "helping in their investigation," it is a polite way of saying that the person is being questioned by the police in connection with an incident or crime. It doesn't necessarily mean the person is under arrest, but they are providing information that the police believe is relevant to their investigation.

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To find the word opposite in meaning to "messy," we first need to understand what "messy" means. The word "messy" suggests disorder, lack of neatness, or organization. A messy room is one that is cluttered and possibly untidy.

Now, let's analyze the given options:

• Muddled: This word also implies confusion or disorder, similar to "messy."
• Tidy: This word means neat, orderly, and clean. It is the opposite of "messy." A tidy room is well-organized and free of clutter.
• Dirty: Although dirty implies uncleanliness, it doesn't necessarily mean disorganized. A room can be dirty yet still have some degree of order.
• Unkept: This word suggests negligence and lack of care, which can overlap with messy but does not clearly mean the opposite.

Based on this analysis, the opposite of "messy" is tidy because it represents neatness and organization, which directly contrast to disorder and clutter.

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To determine which option best completes the sentence, we must consider the correct plural form of the word "goose."

The singular form is "goose." In English, some nouns have irregular plural forms. The correct plural form of "goose" is "geese." This is an example of an irregular plural noun.

Let's examine the options:

• "Goose" is singular.
• "Gooses" is incorrect as plural nouns that refer to more than one goose do not end with "es."
• "Geeses" is incorrect because there is no need to add “es” to an irregular plural noun that's already plural.
• "Geese" is the correct plural form of "goose."

Therefore, the correct sentence is: "The children chased all the geese away."

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To select the best option to complete the sentence "The movie wasn't fantastic, was it?" we need to understand the structure of a tag question. A **tag question** consists of a **statement** followed by a short question. The tag question is typically used to confirm something the speaker believes to be true. In English, the **tag** is generally formed by inverting the auxiliary verb and subject of the main sentence and is usually the opposite in form (affirmative vs. negative).

In this case, the statement is "The movie wasn't fantastic". The tag "was it?" is used to seek confirmation and implies that the speaker anticipates agreement. **Since the statement is negative ("wasn't"), the agreement or confirmation often expected is affirmative.**

Therefore, if you agree that the movie wasn't fantastic, you'd say "No, it wasn't" to confirm the negative statement because agreement to a negative statement is expressed with "no".

Thus, the correct option to complete the sentence is:
No, it wasn't.

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When a word in a sentence is given emphatic stress, it signifies that the word is crucial to the meaning or emphasis of the sentence. In this case, the word in capital letters is "PEACE," implying that the emphasis is on what his reign was noted for. To determine the appropriate question form that relates to the emphasis, we look at options that focus on contrasting what his reign could be noted for.

The original statement is "His reign was noted for PEACE." Emphatic stress looks for an alternative or contrasting term to the emphasized word. Here, the emphasized word is "PEACE," so we need to check for an option that contrasts with "peace."

The option "Was his reign noted for wealth?" fits this requirement. By asking about a different characteristic, such as "wealth," it directly contrasts with the original statement's emphasis on "PEACE." Therefore, this question would have the emphatic stress on "peace" to highlight the contrast.

Hence, when the response is "His reign was noted for PEACE," the contrasting question would be "Was his reign noted for wealth?"

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The best option to complete the sentence is "**to**." The correct sentence would be: "I was glad he called my attention **to** the matter."

Here's a simple explanation:

In English, certain verbs or expressions require specific prepositions that follow them. The phrase "call attention" typically pairs with the preposition **"to"**. This construction is used to indicate directing someone's focus or thoughts **toward** a particular issue or topic.

For example, if you say, "He called my attention **to** the problem," it means that he brought the problem to your notice or made you aware of it. Using other prepositions like "on," "for," or "at" in this context would not be grammatically correct as they do not convey the intended relationship between the action and the subject.

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Teachers teach various "subjects," which are the areas of study, like mathematics or literature.

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In the context of the sentence, the phrase "playing the devil's advocate" is a well-known expression used to describe someone who takes a position contrary to the majority opinion or supports an opposing viewpoint, usually to provoke debate or explore an issue more thoroughly. Therefore, the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is:

Jude seems to enjoy advancing the unpopular side of an argument.

This interpretation aligns with the common usage of the term "devil's advocate," which is to deliberately adopt a counter perspective for the sake of argumentation, challenge, and critical thinking.

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The word "productivity" consists of five syllables: pro-duc-tiv-i-ty. To determine the correct stress pattern, it is essential to understand where the emphasis naturally falls in standard English pronunciation.

The most appropriate stress pattern for "productivity" is producTIvity. In English, multi-syllable words commonly have one syllable that is emphasized more than the others. For "productivity," the stress falls on the third syllable "TIv". This is because "productivity" follows a common stress pattern in English where the emphasis is placed on the antepenultimate syllable (the third syllable from the end) in words with more than three syllables.

Therefore, the correct stress pattern for "productivity" emphasizes the third syllable, making it producTIvity.

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The correct stress pattern for the word "embodiment" is emBODiment.

In English pronunciation, stress on a syllable means that the syllable is given more emphasis or prominence than the others. In the word "embodiment," the primary stress falls on the second syllable BOD. This is a common stress pattern for words ending in the suffix "-ment," where the stress is usually placed on the syllable preceding the suffix.

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To correctly complete the sentence, we must understand the structure and the context. The phrase "But for" indicates a situation where something was prevented. It sets up a conditional statement of something that did not happen because of an intervention.

Here, the intervention of the police prevented a potential action by the mob. Thus, we use a conditional perfect tense to express this unreal past condition.

The correct option to complete the sentence is: would have been lynched. This phrase, "would have been lynched," is in the past perfect conditional tense. It describes an action that could have happened in the past but did not occur due to an intervening factor, in this case, the timely intervention of the police.

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The word "permit" has a specific sound pattern. To determine which word rhymes with "permit," we need to focus on the last syllable of the word. In "permit," the sound is "-mit." For two words to rhyme, they usually have the same ending sound.

Let's analyze the options:

• Enlist: Ends with "-list." This does not rhyme with "-mit" because the vowel and consonant sounds differ.
• Commit: Ends with "-mit." This perfectly matches the ending sound of "permit," creating a rhyme.
• Meat: Ends with "-eat." The vowel sound here is different from "-mit," so it does not rhyme.
• Profit: Ends with "-fit." Although it shares the "-it" sound, the preceding consonant sound is different, making it not a perfect rhyme with "-mit."

Therefore, the word that rhymes with "permit" is "commit" because both share the same ending sound "-mit."

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The word "likeness" means similarity or resemblance. The opposite of this is dissimilarity

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In this sentence, we need to choose the word that best describes the sound made by brakes. Let's examine each option:

• Hooting: This word is generally associated with the sound made by owls or ships, often a deep sound. It doesn't typically describe the sound of brakes.
• Blaring: This term usually describes a loud, harsh sound often associated with horns or alarms. While it's loud, it's not typically the sound brakes make.
• Screeching: This word describes a high-pitched, sharp sound. It is often used to characterize the noise made when brakes are applied suddenly, causing friction between the brake pads and the wheels.
• Hammering: This term implies a repeated, percussive sound, like the noise of hitting with a hammer. It's not commonly used to describe the noise of brakes.

Considering the options, the most suitable word to complete the sentence is "screeching". It best describes the high-pitched, sharp sound that draws attention when brakes are applied suddenly.

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The phrase "burning the midnight oil" is an idiomatic expression that means to study or work late into the night. It originates from the time when oil lamps were commonly used to provide light after dark. Therefore, when someone is said to be "burning the midnight oil," it implies they are studying or working hard late into the night.

The option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence is "needs to study late into the night" . This option captures the essence of the idiomatic expression, emphasizing the effort of staying up and working/ studying during late hours to achieve success in an examination.

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In the given sentence, the word "PRODUCT" carries the emphatic stress, which means the emphasis is on what was rejected being the product. Thus, the question that relates best to emphasizing the word "PRODUCT" is: Was the product rejected though genuine?

This question is asking if it was specifically the product (and not anything else) that got rejected, which aligns with emphasizing the product itself. The focus is on identifying that it is indeed the product that experienced the action mentioned in the statement, not anything else. It tests whether, despite the possibility of the product being genuine, the emphasis lies on it being the item that was rejected.

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The gap labeled 15 in the passage needs to be filled with a word that describes the process of activating explosives. In mining operations, after explosives are placed in drilled holes within the coal, they need to be activated to break the coal into pieces. The most appropriate word to describe this activation process is "detonated."

Detonated refers to the process of setting off explosives, causing them to explode. This aligns perfectly with the context of the passage, where explosives are used to break apart a section of coal. Other options such as "fused," "extinguished," and "stuck" do not fit the context, as they either describe different actions or are unrelated to the process of triggering an explosion.

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The term "altruistic" means being selflessly concerned for the well-being of others. Essentially, an altruistic person prioritizes the needs and interests of others over their own.

To find the word that is opposite in meaning to "altruistic," we need to identify a word that implies a lack of concern for others and a focus on oneself.

• "Selfish" describes someone who is primarily concerned with their own interests, benefits, and well-being, often at the expense of others. This is the opposite of altruistic behavior.
• "Antagonistic" refers to being opposed or hostile to someone or something, which is not directly opposite to altruistic.
• "Selfless" means having little or no concern for oneself, similar to altruistic, hence it is not an opposite.
• "Unkind" refers to a lack of compassion or friendliness. While it is negative, it does not specifically focus on self-interest like "selfish" does.

So, the option that is opposite in meaning to "altruistic" is "selfish".

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To determine which catalogue one should use when looking for a particular book, especially after already deciding to use the title catalogue in the first gap, we should consider how libraries typically organize their collections. Libraries commonly offer various catalogues to help users locate books.

If a person knows the title of a book, it makes sense to use a title catalogue. Conversely, if the person knows the author of the book, they should use the author catalogue to find the book.

Given that the passage starts by suggesting the use of the title catalogue in the previous blank, it would be logical to provide another commonly used method to locate a book by a known author in the following blank. Therefore, the best option for the gap labeled 7 is the author catalogue.

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The combination of "digging" and explosives is what is needed to harvest coal from a mine.

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In the sentence "Why do children _____ adults' conversations?", the most suitable verb is "break into". This is because "to break into" is a phrasal verb that means to enter or join a situation suddenly or unexpectedly. In the context of conversations, it refers to a sudden or unsolicited interruption.

Let's briefly examine the other options:

Break up: This usually means to end or separate (commonly used with relationships or groups), and it does not fit well with the sentence.

Break down: This typically refers to something failing or ceasing to function (like a machine or discussing emotions), which does not make sense in the given context.

Break off: This often means to end or pause something abruptly, like a conversation. However, it implies a deliberate action to stop rather than interrupt.

Therefore, "break into" is the most appropriate completion because it accurately describes the action of a child interrupting or joining an ongoing conversation suddenly.

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The word "inevitable" means something that cannot be avoided or escaped. It implies that an event is certain to happen and there is no way to prevent it from occurring. When we say that "Death is inevitable," we mean that death is a natural part of life that everyone will experience eventually, and there is no way to avoid it.

Let's look at the options:

• Unavoidable: This word is nearest in meaning to "inevitable" because it also means that something cannot be prevented.
• Predictable: While this word refers to something that can be anticipated or expected to happen, it does not necessarily mean that it cannot be avoided.
• Distant: This word refers to something far away in time or space, and it does not convey the idea of inevitability or certainty.
• Surmountable: This word means that something can be overcome or conquered, which is opposite in meaning to inevitable.

Therefore, the option nearest in meaning to "inevitable" is unavoidable.

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The most suitable title for the passage is "Weathering."

Explanation:

The passage primarily discusses the concept of weathering, which is the process by which rocks gradually break down into smaller particles due to physical or chemical processes. It highlights the influence of climatic conditions on weathering processes, distinguishing between **physical weathering**, which involves temperature and water, and **chemical weathering**, which occurs in hot climates.

The author also describes observational experiences of weathering, such as tree roots penetrating rocks and the mixing of rock particles with soil. The overall theme revolves around the process, factors, and examples of weathering, making it the central focus of the passage.